• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2004

To test preschool children's medium- long distance stereoscopic vision normal average value, and intermittent strabismus children,s medium-long distance stereoscopic vision acuteness is the goal of this study. The software of random stereoscopic vision and graph, which is developed by Hu-Chong etc has been used, to test 414 cases normal preschool children and 19 cases intermittent exotropia childrens medium-long distance (1-5 m) stereoscopic vision (before operation and after operation). The normal average value of preschool children's medium-long distance stereoscopic vision was achieved. Intermittent exotropia children's stereoscopic vision acuteness was declined with the increase of distance. This method can provide reference as screening abnormal stereoscopic vision during scientific research and clinical work.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.393-402
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• 2018

Genomic DNA was isolated from the Gracilaria vermiculophylla (GRV) and G. chorda (GRC) from Jangheung located in the southern sea of the Korean Peninsula, respectively and we performed clustering analyses, DNA polymorphisms and the genetic differences. The seven selected primers OPC-01, OPA-04, OPA-05, OPD-07, OPD-08, OPB-10, and OPD-16 generated average bandsharing (BS) value, the genetic distance and dendrogram. The size of DNA bands varies from 90 bp to 2,400 bp. The average BS value was $0.859{\pm}0.004$ within GRV and $0.916{\pm}0.006$ within GRC. The average BS value between two Gracilaria species was $0.340{\pm}0.003$, ranged from 0.250 to 0.415. The dendrogram obtained by the seven primers, indicates two genetic clusters. The genetic distance between two Gracilaria species ranged from 0.059 to 0.513. The individual VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 07 of GRV was genetically closely related to VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 06 of GRV (genetic distance=0.059). Especially, two entities between the individual VERMICULOPHYLLA no. 10 of GRV and CHORDA no. 22 of GRC showed the longest genetic distance (0.513) in comparison with other individuals used. Accordingly, as mentioned above, PCR analysis showed that the GRV was a little more genetically diverse than the GRC species. We convinced that this DNA analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between two Gracilaria species pairs (p<0.01).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

1. Objectives The Body Shape and Feature is one of the important standard for classification of Sasang Constitutions. In order to evaluate one's Body Shape and Feature objectively we have been developing the Body Measuring Machine. Now we develop the 3D Automatic Body Measuring Machine(3D-ABMM). So we make an analysis of the 3D-ABMM's Accuracy. 2. Methods By using the 3D-ABMM and Vivid 9i(3D laser scanner, Konica Minolta) we have a surface scan of the three objects which are the upper body of the female and male Manikin and a male model. We overlap each scan data using the RapidForm2006 (3D scan data solution, INUS Technology) and calculate the average distance and standard deviation between the same point of each scan data. 3. Results and Conclusions In the female Manikin, the average distance is 0.84mm and the standard deviation is 1.16mm and the maximum distance is 10.68mm. In the male Manikin, the average distance is 1.12mm and the standard deviation is 1.19mm and the maximum distance is 12.00mm. In the male model, the average distance is 3.26mm and the standard deviation is 2.59mm and the maximum distance is 12.75mm. From the results, 3D-ABMM has good accuracy for scanning body and will be a usable hardware of the 3D Automatic Body Analysis Machine.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.81-94
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• 2023

The study aims to compare and analyze the social network structures of Qatar Airways,s Singapore Airlines, Emirates Airlines, and ANA Airlines, recording the top 1 to 4, and Korean Air in ninth by Skytrax's airline evaluations in 2022. This study uses NodeXL, a social network analysis program, to analyze the social networks of 5 airlines, Vertex, Unique Edges, Single-Vertex Connected Components, Maximum Geodesic Distance, Average Geodesic Distance, Average Degree Centrality, Average Closeness Centrality, and Average Betweenness Centrality as indicators to compare the differences in these social networks of the airlines. As a result, Singapore's social network has a better network structure than the other airlines' social networks in terms of sharing information and transmitting resources. In addition, Qatar Airways and Singapore Airlines are superior to the other airlines in playing roles and powers of influencers who affect the flow of information and resources and the interaction within the airline's social network. The study suggests some implications to enhance the usefulness of social networks for marketing.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze a sample of single corridor, pod type and composite type of ICUs in terms of patient visibility, spatial configurations and nurse walking distance focused on Korean cases. Methods: The measures of static visibility were used to quantify the patient visibility (upper third part of the patient bed) from the nurse station. The measure of space programme and area distribution (patient zone percentage, staff zone percentage, circulation zone percentage, corridor length per bed, distance from nurse station (NS) to patient bed and departmental gross square meter (DGSM) per patient bed) were calculated by using AutoCAD and MS Excel programs. In the second step of analysis the values of space distribution were compared among the three type of ICUs as well as the nurse walking distance, DGSM per bed and gross factor. in the third step of analysis regression analysis was conducted for the possible correlation between visibility and space programme and area distribution factors as well as nurse walking distance factors. Results: (1) It was found that on average composite type unit offer highest value of patient visibility followed by pod type, while single corridor type unit offers the minimum value of patient visibility among the three plan typologies. (2) Average patient visibility and DGSM per bed shows a strong positive correlation ($r^2=0.75$) and p=0.026. (3) Average patient visibility and average distance from NS has a strong negative correlation ($r^2=0.78$), and P=0.02. (4) On average composite type unit offer the minimum walking distance from NS (7.22 meter) followed by pod type unit (8.35 meter) and single corridor (9.76 meter). (5) Maximum distance from NS was noted in single corridor (18.19 meter) followed by pod type unit (15.14 meter) and Composite type unit (11.1 meter). Implications: This study may contribute to the visibility analysis of existing and future ICU design in Korea to achieve maximum patient visibility and reduced nurse walking distance.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.3029-3036
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• 2000

Image segmentation is one of the important processes in the image information extraction for computer vision systems. The fuzzy clustering methods have been extensively used in the image segmentation because it extracts feature information of the region. Most of fuzzy clustering methods have used the Fuzzy C-means(FCM) algorithm. This algorithm can be misclassified about the different size of cluster because the degree of membership depends on highly the distance between data and the centroids of the clusters. This paper proposes a fuzzy clustering algorithm using the Average Intracluster Distance that classifies data uniformly without regard to the size of data sets. The Average Intracluster Distance takes an average of the vector set belong to each cluster and increases in exact proportion to its size and density. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach has the g

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2014

Background The most crucial factor in hair transplantation for male pattern baldness (MPB) patients is the efficient utilization of the donor-recipient ratio. However, there is no known factor that scientifically predicts the rate of progression of alopecia or indicates a permanently safe donor area. Methods The study considered 1,008 Korean adult males with MPB; of these, it excluded 56 males with an absence of parietal whorls (PWs). The authors investigated the distance from the vertical bimeatal line (VM) to the PW, from the PW to the upper border of the helical rim (HR), and the distance from the PW to the occipital fringe (OF) in 952 subjects with a PW. Furthermore, we examined the distance from the PW to the OF considering the duration of alopecia and age in 322 subjects with vertex alopecia. Results The distance between the VM and PW varied from 1.5 to 11 cm, with an average distance of 6.25 cm. The PW-HR distance ranged from 3.4 to 17.5 cm, and the average distance was 7.79 cm. The PW-OF distance ranged from 0.5 to 5.5 cm, and the average distance was 2.37 cm. Conclusions For the PW, very large variations existed in the vertical direction. The position of the PW could predict the progression range of the total alopecia of the vertex. Alopecia mostly progresses within 6 cm of the PW toward the occipital side.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2352-2354
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• 2003

An apparatus and method for imposing a desired average radial force on tire by calculating the current average force between the tire and load wheel based on the average radial force and radial distance between the tire load wheel over the last previous complete revolution of the tire, the spring constant of the tire and the current radial distance between the tire and the load wheel.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1999

recently, a new hypercube-like interconnection network, the Z-cube, was proposed. The Z-cube retains most good topological properties, however, its node degree is 3/4 of hypercube's one. Considering hardware implementations, the Z-cube is a good alternative to the hypercube. In this paper, we obtained the diameter, fault diameter and the average distance between two nodes to evaluate the communication performance of the Z-cube. The recursive structure, the shortest path between two nodes I Z-cube and recurrence relation on the average distance were deduced, and node disjoint path was introduced. Although it is generally expected that the communication performance in an interconnection network with reduced node degree falls as much as that, this paper shows that the Z-cube's diameter is the same as the hypercube's one and the average distance between two nodes in Z-cube is about 1.125 times the average distance between two nodes in the hypercube and the fault diameter of Z-cube ranges approximately from 1.4times to 1.7times the fault diameter of the hypercube.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2016

Genomic DNAs isolated from crucian carp of four rivers, belonging to the family Cyprinidae was amplified by seven oligonucleotides primers. In the present study, we employed hierarchical clustering method in order to reveal genetic distances and variations. Crucian carp was acquired from Hangang river (CAH), Geumgang river (CAG), Nakdonggang river (CAN) and Yeongsangang river (CAY). The primer BION-12 generated the most loci (a total of 50) with an average of 10 in the CAY population. The primer BION-10 generated the least loci (a total of 19), with an average of 3.8 in the CAG population, in comparison to the other primers used. Seven oligonucleotides primers made 16.7 average no. per primer of specific loci in the CAH population, 7.4 in the CAG population, 8.6 in the CAN population and 0.9 in the CAY population, respectively. The specific loci generated by oligonucleotides primers revealed inter-individual-specific characteristics, thus disclosing DNA polymorphisms. The dendrogram obtained by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates four genetic clusters. The genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.06 and no.08 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.036), while the genetic distance among the five individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.08 and no.09 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.088). With regard to average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from CAY population ($0.985{\pm}0.009$) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from CAH population ($0.779{\pm}0.049$) (P<0.05). Relatively, individuals of CAY population were fairly closely related to that of CAN location (genetic distance between two populations<0.016).