• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2012

The gDNA isolated from Cyclina sinensis from Gochang (GOCHANG), Incheon (INCHEON) and a Chinese site (CHINESE), were amplified by PCR. Here, the seven oligonucleotide decamer primers (BION-66, BION-68, BION-72, BION-73, BION-74, BION-76, and BION-80) were used to generate the unique shared loci to each population and shared loci by the three cyclina clam populations. As regards multiple comparisons of average bandsharing value results, cyclina clam population from Chinese (0.763) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did clam from Incheon (0.681). In this study, the dendrogram obtained by the seven decamer primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (GOCHANG 01~GOCHANG 07), cluster 2 (INCHEON 08~INCHEON 14), cluster 3 (CHINESE 15~CHINESE 21). The shortest genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals 15 and 17 from the Chinese cyclina clam (0.049), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty-one cyclina clams that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals GOCHANG no. 03 and INCHEON no. 12 (0.575). Individuals of Incheon cyclina clam population was somewhat closely related to that of Chinese cyclina clam population. In conclusion, our PCR analysis revealed a significant genetic distance among the three cyclina clam populations.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1175-1186
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• 2016

The relative distance estimation technique is important to Location-Based Service(: LBS) in a wireless communication environment. In this paper, we propose a scheme for measuring the relative distance by utilizing a frame structure of a physical layer in asynchronous Frequency Division Duplexing(: FDD) when the Internal and external infrastructure for position measurement cannot be used. The proposed method is suitable for continuous distance measurement. The test results showed that the proposed method has the accuracy of less than 10 meters on average.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3991-4000
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• 1975

It is the aim of this study to investigate the influence of the factors in the sprayer nozzle for the travelling distance and to get nozzle design data in relation to the nozz1e with and without swirl plate. The factors of sprayer nozzle are composed of the spraying pressure, the helical angle of swirl plate, the helical groove depth of swirl plate, the distance of vortex chamber the slope of nozz1e cap, the curvature of nozzle cap and the hole diameter of nozz1e cap. The travelling distance and the size of sprayed particle are experimeted indoors by the factorial arrange-ment according to the 5 each level of the above factors. The results of this stupy are summarized as follows; 1. In the nozzle with swirl p1ate there were remarkable significance among factors each other, while without swirl plate were no significance. 2. The helical angle and groove depth in the nozzle with swirl plate were the highest effective factors. The effect of helical angle was very remarked in the quadratic curve with minium value. 3. The correlation betweenthe travelling distance and the sprayed particle size was no high and under 250 micron in the case with swirl plate, and there was higher correlation in the case without swirl plate. 4. The new ideal development of the swirl plate using of the most effective helical angle and groove depth will probably show the possiblities to make effective travelling distance over 8 meters and more over and to make average particle diameter under 300 micron.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether movement strategies affect functional forward reach distance in a standing position. Forty-seven healthy subjects were selected for this study: 23 men and 24 women, with an average age of 22.3. Functional forward reach distances were measured as hip strategy and squat strategy (included knee and ankle movement strategy) in a standing position, respectively. The mean values of functional forward reach distance in hip strategy, squat strategy were 33.57 cm, 29.48 cm, respectively. There was significantly difference in functional forward reach distance between hip strategy and squat strategy(p<.001). There was no difference of functional forward reach distance between male and female in hip strategy, but there was significant difference in other strategy(p<.05). These results suggest that movement strategies should be considered during functional forward reach test in standing. Further study is required to determine whether movement strategies affect functional reach distance in elderly and disabled groups.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

In the present study, the seven primers BION-33, BION-34, BION-37, BION-41, BION-44, BION-45 and BION-42 generated the total number of loci, average number of loci per lane and specific loci in Hongseong, Yeosu and Goheung population of F. mutica, respectively. 7 primers generated 19 specific loci in the Hongseong population, 29.3 in the Yeosu population and 23.1 in the Goheung population, respectively. Especially, the decamer primer BION-37 generated 7 unique loci to each population, which were identifying each population, approximately 700 bp in Hongseong population. In this study, the dendrogram obtained by the seven primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (HONGSEONG 01-HONGSEONG 07), cluster 2 (YEOSU 08-YEOSU 14) and cluster 3 (GOHEUNG 15-GOHEUNG 21). Among the twenty one cockles, the shortest genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals 17 and 19 from the Goheung population (genetic distance = 0.051), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty-one cockle individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals HONGSEONG no. 03 and YEOSU no. 12 (genetic distance = 0.616). Relatively, individuals of YEOSU population were fairly closely related to that of GOHEUNG population. Ultimately, PCR fragments revealed of in this study may be useful as a DNA marker the three geographic populations to distinguish.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2022

Research into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a trendy issue with a wide range of applications. With hundreds to thousands of nodes, most wireless sensor networks interact with each other through radio waves. Limited computational power, storage, battery, and transmission bandwidth are some of the obstacles in designing WSNs. Clustering and routing procedures have been proposed to address these concerns. The wireless sensor network's most complex and vital duty is routing. With the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing method (GPSR), an efficient and responsive routing protocol is built. In packet forwarding, the nodes' locations are taken into account while making choices. In order to send a message, the GPSR always takes the shortest route between the source and destination nodes. Weighted directed graphs may be constructed utilising four distinct distance metrics, such as Euclidean, city block, cosine, and correlation distances, in this study. NS-2 has been used for a thorough simulation. Additionally, the GPSR's performance with various distance metrics is evaluated and verified. When compared to alternative distance measures, the proposed GPSR with correlation distance performs better in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, routing overhead and average stability time of the cluster head.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2017

This study proposes an integrated accessibility measurement algorithm, which is applied to the Seoul Metropolitan public transportation system consisting of bus and subway networks, and analyzes the result. We construct a public transportation network graph linking bus-subway networks and take the time distance as the link weight in the graph. We develop a time-distance algorithm to measure the time distance between each pair of transit stations based on the T-card transaction database. The average travel time between nodes has been computed via the shortest-path algorithm applied to the time-distance matrix, which is obtained from the average speed of each transit route in the T-card transaction database. Here the walking time between nodes is also taken into account if walking is involved. The integrated time-distance accessibility of each node in the Seoul Metropolitan public transportation system has been computed from the T-card data of 2013. We make a comparison between the results and those of the bus system and of the subway system, and analyze the spatial patterns. This study is the first attempt to measure the integrated time-distance accessibility for the Seoul Metropolitan public transportation system consisting of 16,277 nodes with 600 bus routes and 16 subway lines.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2006

Topographic condition is one of the most important things in farming activities. The topographic condition didn't matter for farming in the past because agricultural products had competitive power in the market. So farmers tried to extend their farms without any concern of topographic condition. We need less labor-consuming farming as industrial structure has been changed and the competitive power of the farming has been getting weak. This study analyzed the fallow potential in agricultural area by topographic condition so that we have got results as follows. Maps of elevation, slope, distance from roads and water resources were made for getting a fallow probability model in farms, and these 4 factors were used as independent variables while a variable on whether it is fallow or not is a dependent variable in logistic regression model. In an analysis of the fallow potential depending on farm land types, the fallow probability in fallow orchard showed the highest value of farm lands, 0.973. Cultivated orchard had 0.730 and upland had 0.616 of the fallow probability. The fields having high fallow potential had high elevation, steep slope, and long distance from water resources and roads. Especially, fields having a probability over 0.99 appeared in orchards, fallow uplands and single cropping uplands, which were recognized to have several disadvantages related to the fallow like as high elevation, steep slope, and long distance from water resources and roads. With the logistic analysis, the suitable farm lands appeared at 16.45m of the mean elevation, 1.89 degree of the mean slope, 39.91m of the average distance from water resources, and 32.39m of the average distance from roads. On the contrary, non-suitable land appeared at 114.7m of the mean elevation, 24.9 degree of the mean slope. The distance from roads was more important variable than the distance from water resources for analyzing suitable farm land.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 2017

This study proposes a method to quickly and accurately acquire distance information on direction signs. The proposed method is composed of the recognition of the sign, pre-processing to facilitate the acquisition of the road sign distance, and the acquisition of the distance data. The road sign recognition uses color detection including gamma correction in order to mitigate various noise issues. In order to facilitate the acquisition of distance data, this study applied tilt correction using linear factors, and resolution correction using Fourier transform. To acquire the distance data, morphological operation was used to highlight the area, along with labeling and template matching. By acquiring the distance information on the direction sign through such a processes, the proposed system can be output the distance remaining to the next junction. As a result, when the proposed method is applied to system it can process the data in real-time using the fast calculation speed, average speed was shown to be 0.46 second per frame, with accuracy of 0.65 in similarity value.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.615-625
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• 2012

To measure the athletic information of exercisers, the applications of smartphone are programmed based on the sensing data from GPS device. These applications provide exercisers for running or walking distance, exercising time, calorie consumption, average speed, and so on. Among them, the exercising distance should measure accurately because it directly affects the other athletic information for exercisers. However, the existing methods for measuring the exercising distance makes errors because they are worked on the simple sphere or ellipse earth models. Actually, the surface of real earth is composed of inclined ground like hills and valleys. In this paper, a new exercising distance measuring algorithm is proposed to compensate the errors of existing method. It considers the altitude of slopes in exercising routes. To evaluate exercising distance measuring algorithms, we implement the athletic life-guide system based on the smartphone platform. In experiments, the proposed method shows that it provides more accurate distance measurement.