• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.38-46
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• 2017

This research aimed to identify the correlation between the metabolic syndrome, which is one of the cardiovascular risk factors and emerging as an issue in the society, and the serum uric acid level. The research was conducted on a total of 1,444 patients who took a medical examination at a health examination center. The research subjects were composed of 977 men and 467 women. By conducting physical measurement and the blood test on the subjects, the research identified the correlation between the serum uric acid level and the metabolic syndrome and compared the number of the risk factors by dividing the class of the serum uric acid. The average level of serum uric acid was identified higher in men at $6.30{\pm}1.39mg/dL$ than $4.43{\pm}0.89mg/dL$ in women. Men had a correlation between age, waist size, systolic blood pressure, neutral fat, HDL-cholesterol, WBC count and ESR and the serum uric acid level (p<0.05), while women had a correlation between waist size, diastolic blood pressure level, neutral fat, HDL-cholesterol and ESR and the serum uric acid level (p<0.05). The number of the risk factors depending on the serum uric acid level increased as the serum uric acid level rose. The overall prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome was higher in men at 17.4% than 10.2% in women. This showed that there is a statistically relevant relevance between the metabolic syndrome and the serum uric acid level, and the number of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome will go up with an increase in the serum uric acid level.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2008

We conducted the survey about the avian fauna, population, community and correlation between avian population and densities of the fallen rice grain in Cheonsu reclaimed area(Ganwol and Bunam Lake and reclaimed land) from Oct. 2006 to Mar. 2007. Total surveyed species number was 142 species, sum of maximum count of each species was 362,797 individuals, sum of average count of each species was 84,818 individuals. Comparing with early and late wintering season, number of species was stable in each survey time, but total population was decreased as the season progressed. Dominant species were Bean Geese Anser fabalis, Baikal Teals Anas formosa, White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons, Mallards Anas platyrhynchos and Pintails Anas acuta. Population fluctuation of the Bean Geese Anser fabalis, Baikal Teals Anas formosa, Mallards Anas platyrhynchos, PintailsAnas acuta was decreasing, but population of the White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons was stable. Number of species, total population were not significantly different among Ganwol, Bunam and Cheonsu Bay. Survey period was significantly correlated with species diversity and population in each area, and most community indices of each area were shown significant correlation. The density of the fallen rice grain was significantly different between the harvested rice paddy by big harvesting machine and small harvesting machine. Density of the fallen rice grain in stubble collected area was significantly different with area of stubble not collected. Density of the fallen rice grain was drastically decreased in the middle of wintering season, but not significantly different between Dec. 2006 and Feb. 2007. Avian population was strongly correlated with number of fallen rice grain in the same period.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.200-210
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality changes and contamination of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, mold and yeast in cherry tomatoes during storage at different temperatures, gas composition and periods(7 and 14 days). This study determined pH, color change and the growth pattern of microorganisms in cherry tomato during storage at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. According to the results, pH level was a little raised with storage period. On average, $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ value of cherry tomato were irregular value of increase and decrease of all gas packaging with storage period. In regard of the types of microorganism, aerobic count plate, coliform count, mold and yeast were detected when cherry tomatoes were stored at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ during storage for 14 days. Equally, all microorganisms of cherry tomato were irregular with storage period and complex gas packaging. However, this study determined that packaging with a higher $CO_2$ concentration than $O_2$ concentration can reduce growth of microorganism. These studies can be used as primary data for determining the optimal complex gas to storage enlargement.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 1967

In order to confirm whether acquired immunity or resistance can be developed by the repeated hookworm infections, the 150 mature actively moving filariform ancylostoma duodenale larvae obtained from the severe hookworm anemia patients were orally given to 8 healthy volunteers in three divided doses, 50 in each, at 5 day interval. Also the hematological changes as well as several ferrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$ were done and were compared with 10 controls. The clinical symptoms and signs were checked every day for the first 3 weeks and then twice weekly until the end of the experiment. The appearance of the ova in the stool was examined by the formalin ether method and the ova was counted by the Stoll's method. The following laboratory tests were done: 1) Red blood cell count, venous blood hematocrit(micromethod), hemoglobin count (cyanomethemoglobin method) were checked every 5 to 7 day interval. 2) Plasma iron concentration (Barkan's modified method) was determined every 2 to 3 week interval. 3) Radioisotope studies: a) Ferrokinetics: Huff et al and Bothwell's method were applied. Erythropoietic Index (% of normal)=$\frac{Subject's\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood{\times}100}{Average\;normal\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood}$ of the gastrointestinal absorption of iron: Radioiron($^{59}Fe$) balance b) Quantitative measurement method was applied. c) Determination of the plasma erythropoietin activity: Fried's method was applied. Following were the results: 1) The serum iron level was lower. The red cell volume was decreased, but with relative increase of plasma volume. 2) The plasma iron disappearance time was accelerated and the plasma iron turnover rate was decreased. The red cell iron turnover rate was markedly increased, while all of the red cell iron concentration, circulating red cell iron. plasma iron pool were decreased. The daily iron pool turnover and red cell renewal rate were increased. 3) The erythropoietic index, erythropoietin activity and intestinal absorption of iron($^{59}Fe$) were markedly increased. 4) The infectivity was $9.8{\pm}1.31%$ which was lower than that observed in the single infection. 5) From these observations, it is concluded that the hookworm anemia is essentially iron deficieny in its origin and some immunity acquisition is possible with repeated infections.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.1066-1070
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• 2002

10 male piglets at 5-6 weeks old with similar body weight (BW) were randomly assigned into the experimental (EXP) and control (CON) groups. The animals in EXP received intro-muscular injection with daidzein (DA) at the dose of 0.5 mg DA per kg start BW on day 1. The same procedures were repeated once every 3 days for eight times. The animals in CON received the injection only with same volume of control peanut oil. The animals were weighted on day 14 and 28 and the blood samples were obtained at different stages of the treatment for determining IGF-I levels and blood parameters. At the end of the experiment, the thymus and spleen from all the animals were surgically taken out and weighted. The results showed that BW and average daily gain (ADG) were not significantly different between the groups in term of the whole period, but ADG between days 14-28 was higher in EXP than in CON (p<0.05). On days 18, 21 and 25, IGF-I levels in EXP group were 20.53% (p<0.05), 15.92% (p>0.05) and 23.46% (p<0.05), respectively, higher than those in CON. The weights of thymus and spleen, the ratios of their weights to BW and red blood count (RBC) did not significantly differ between the groups at all stages. White blood count (WBC) in EXP steadily increased from day 22, reached its apex on day 24, which was higher than in CON (p<0.05) and its own levels on day 20 and 22 (p<0.01 or p<0.05), and remained higher on the later time (p=0.058). The results of percentage of T-Lymphocytes also demonstrated similar trend to WBC, but TLymphocyte transformation rate (%) appeared no significant change between the groups. In conclusion, Daidzein could stimulate male piglet growth and elevate serum IGF-I levels at certain stages of the treatment. It could also increase WBC and T-Lymphocyte rates, but had no significant impacts on RBC and T-Lymphocyte transformation rate.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2009

Purpose: Many companies developed a lot of programs with continuous effort for program upgrading. With this acquire superior image quality for the purpose of quick examination and progress in spatial resolution. This study was to obtained clinical usefulness on a appropriate parameter of FWHM for speed and alpha value for superior image quality. Materials and Methods: Gamma camera by Siemens (e.cam) and spatial resolution phantom and four quadrant bar phantom used. Compared for FWHM by changed scan speed 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 cm/min in scatter and non scatter in Onco Flash of spatial resolution phantom. Visual evaluation of count rate and bar phantom image for increased of alpha value of 10% in 0~100%. Results: FWHM by the scan speed was 9.37, 9.40, 9.28, 9.30, 9.31, 9.53 mm in the scatter. Count rate increased alpha value 10% increased. Visual evaluation was suitable to below 30%, Therefore spatial resolution improved on FWHM at the scan speed 25~35 cm/min applying for alpha value 30% in Onco Flash was average 9.3 mm less than FWHM of below 15 cm/min and above 40 cm/min. Conclusion: We found on appropriate parameter to progress of image quality. And there be a useful guideline for you that appropriate scan speed on vary in parameters of reduction on examination time and advancing image quality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5721-5727
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of clustering methods used in the prognostic assessment of categorical clinical data for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in China, and establish a predictable prognostic nomogram for clinical decisions. Materials and Methods: A total of 332 newly diagnosed HCC patients treated with hepatic resection during 2006-2009 were enrolled. Patients were regularly followed up at outpatient clinics. Clustering methods including the Average linkage, k-modes, fuzzy k-modes, PAM, CLARA, protocluster, and ROCK were compared by Monte Carlo simulation, and the optimal method was applied to investigate the clustering pattern of the indices including platelet count, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and serum aspartate aminotransferase activity/platelet count ratio index (APRI). Then the clustering variable, age group, tumor size, number of tumor and vascular invasion were studied in a multivariable Cox regression model. A prognostic nomogram was constructed for clinical decisions. Results: The ROCK was best in both the overlapping and non-overlapping cases performed to assess the prognostic value of platelet-based indices. Patients with categorical platelet-based indices significantly split across two clusters, and those with high values, had a high risk of HCC recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% CI 1.09-1.86; p<0.01). Tumor size, number of tumor and blood vessel invasion were also associated with high risk of HCC recurrence (all p< 0.01). The nomogram well predicted HCC patient survival at 3 and 5 years. Conclusions: A cluster of platelet-based indices combined with other clinical covariates could be used for prognosis evaluation in HCC.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

In the present study, disinfection efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water [SlAEW, 30 ppm of effective chlorine at $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) $562{\pm}23mV$, pH 6.4] on 4 kinds of vegetables (lettuce leaf, endive leaf, perilla leaf and kale leaf) was evaluated to obtain a microbial reduction characteristics which are necessary to design a process control for non-thermal sterilization of fresh vegetables. Active chlorine, residual chlorine, microbial counts and residual microbial counts, which are the key factors in the non-thermal sterilization process were measured by dipping them in SlAEW three times for 30 minutes in order to analyze the relationship between factors. Total microbial count was decreased mostly during the first 10 minutes of washing, and the limit value that can be reduced by immersion treatment was 3 log CFU/g for the total microbial count surviving in 4 kinds of vegetables. The total number of microorganism that can be reduced by washing in SIAEW for 10 min was found to be about 2 log CFU/g on average. In addition, the active chlorine decreased in the initial 10 minutes in 2.2 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 1.7 ppm and 2.5 ppm in lettuce, perilla leaf, endive leaf and kale leaf, respectively, and about 50-80% of the chlorine was reduced in the initial 10 min appear.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2001

Milk constituents and somatic cell count (SCC) were analysed for 4,059 milk samples from 178 dairy farms from April to December in 1999. Correlations among each milk constituents, milk urea (MU) concentration and SCC in association with lactation stage, milk yield and parity, and balancing status of nutrients' supplies were analysed, and the results are summarized as follows; Averages of milk fat percent, total solids percent and milk yield were $3.72{\pm}0.91%$, $12.50{\pm}1.31%$ and $23.80{\pm}8.54kg$, respectively, whereas those were significantly lower during the summer season. In contrast, average of MU concentration was $0.0361{\pm}0.0006%$ which was significantly higher during the summer season. With milk yield, concentrations of fat, protein and SCC in milk decreased but concentrations of lactose and urea in milk and body condition score (BCS) were not altered. Concentrations of fat, protein, lactose, total solids, SNF, and urea in milk were significantly affected by stage of lactation ($P{\leq}0.0001$) but SCC was not changed. Parity of dairy cows had a significant effect on concentrations of fat ($P{\leq}0.02$), lactose ($P{\leq}0.0001$), total solids ($P{\leq}0.002$), and SNF ($P{\leq}0.0001$) in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0005$) but did not change concentrations of urea and protein in milk. Somatic cell count had significant positive correlationship with percentages of fat, protein and total solids ($P{\leq}0.0001$), respectively, but had negative correlationship with percentages of urea and lactose in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$). Milk urea concentration was negatively correlated with concentrations of protein, fat, total solids, and SNF in milk and milk yield ($P{\leq}0.0001$) and, according to regression analysis using milk urea concentration and SCC, following equation was obtained; $Y(MU)=3.688{\times}10^{-2}-4.04{\times}10^{-7}{\times}X(SCC{\times}1,000)(r^2=0.0038$, $P{\leq}0.0001$). We studied balance between protein and energy supplies to dairy cows in each farm based upon milk urea and protein concentrations, and results showed that 137 of total 178 farms fed cows unbalanced amounts of dietary protein and energy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.792-798
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• 2002

Investigations on the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of seasoned Galbi using various packaging methods during storage at $-1^{\circ}C$ revealed no significant differences in pH values and acidities of seasoned Galbi depending on packaging methods and storage periods. Increments of thiobarbituric acid values of seasoned Galbi with non-evacuated packaging and modified atmosphere packaging were superior to those of vacuum packaging and double-film vacuum packaging during storage. Seasoned Galbi with non-evacuated packaging showed the highest volatile basic nitrogen value, and total plate count significantly increased compared to other packaging methods after 15 days storage. Coliform bacteria showed an average count of 2.35 log CFU/g at the beginning of storage, which increased slightly from 7 to 15 days, and was maintained under 4.0 log CFU/g after 15 days storage. The sensory evaluation revealed that non-evacuated packaging scored relatively lower than other methods in color, flavor, off-odor, and overall acceptability after storage.