• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.699-712
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• 2000

주암호는 광주 전남지역의 주민생활이나 공 농업활동에 기반이 되는 중요한 수자원의 역할을 하고 있으나, 주암호에 유입되는 오염물질로 말미암아 호수의 수질은 점점 악화되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 주암호 수질개선 전략은 시급히 마련되어야 할 것이다. 호수의 수질개선 전략으로 하나가 아닌 다수의 대안이 개발될 경우에 대안별 평가 및 최적순위 결정을 위해서는 목표수질의 달성도, 사회 기술적 적용성 및 경제성 측면을 고려한 평가기준들이 선정된다. 그러나 평가기준들의 수가 많고 각 기준이 추구하는 목적이 서로 상충될 때 의사결정은 어려워진다. 특히, 각 평가기준에 대한 대안별 기준값이 불확실성을 내포하는 경우에는 의사결정이 더욱 곤란하게 된다. 이러한 불확실성의 정도가 크면 클수록 의사결정은 점점 어려워지는데, 각 기준값의 불확실성이 발생하는 주요 원인은 활용할 수 있는 정보의 부족, 미래 상황의 불확실 또는 전문가 지식의 한계 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 의사결정권자가 불확실성 하에서도 호수의 수질개선 대안들을 평가하는데 이용할 수 있는 퍼지 의사결정법이 보여질 것이다. 이 방법은 퍼지이론을 응용하여 대안별 평가기준 값의 불확실성 정도를 해석하고, 이를 그대로 의사결정 과정에 반영하기 때문에 불확실성을 고려하지 않는 방법들에 비해 합리적이고 현실성있는 최적의 수질관리 대안이 선정될 수 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

Objective : To broaden understanding about relationship between Meridian Tendino-musculature and muscles in a lumbar area and to evaluate the effect of Meridian Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy on acute lumbar sprain. Materials and Methods : From Oct. 1st, 2000 to Mar. 31th, 2001, 692 outpatient's chart of Kyung Won University Hospital were reviewed. Out of them, 39 outpatients were selected. they had low back pain, were diagnosed with acute lumbar sprain, showed only straightened curvature on lateral view of lumbar spine X-ray and get the Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy. Results : 1. On patients' first visit, 72% had GrIII and Gr.IV predominantly. 2. Major muscles related with low back pain were divided into two groups. One was Quadratus lumborum group and the other was Rectus abdominis group. In the correlation with Meridian Tendino-musculature, the former was mainly related with Chok-taeyang(B) and slightly related with Chok-soyang(G), Chok-taeum(SP), the latter was mainly related with Chok-taeyum(SP), Chok-yangmyong(S) and slightly related with Chok-taeyang(B), Chok-soyang(G). 3. In the evaluation of treatment effect, Exellent was 27(69%), Good was 10(6%), Fair was 2(5%) and Bad was 0(0%). Fair rate reached 100% eventually. 4. Most of Gr.Ⅲ, Gr.Ⅳ patients who had severe conditions that almost every R.O.M. was limited and Milgram test positive was shown on the physical examination, were fully recovered and lived normal daily life without admission by Meridian Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy within 3 to 5, 4 to 7 days, respectively, since they had started to get their outpatient treatment. 5. Two patients was troubled with pain induced, by twitching response and acupuncure stimuli, which lasted around acupunctured muscle for about a day after treatment, so they coudn't endure the pain and quitted treatment in spite of Fair condition. conclusion : Meridian Tendino-musculature acupuncture and release therapy was found to be helpful to patients who wish to recover from their back pain induced by acute lumbar sprain as soon as possible, but the treatment actually had some problems to be overcome such as pain during or after the treatment. therefor, in order to make this treatment method more available, we should pay more attention to improving treatment appliance and acupuncture technique.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2017

The CNC machine tool field is showing a growing trend with the recent rapid development of manufacturing industries such as semiconductors, automobiles, medical devices, various inspection and test equipment, mechanical metal processing equipment, aircraft, shipbuilding and electronic equipment. However, small and medium-sized machining companies that use CNC machine tools are experiencing difficulties in increasingly intense competition. Especially, small companies which are receiving orders from 3rd or 4th venders are very difficult in business management. In recent years, company S experienced difficulty to make product quality and delivery time due to the ignorance of the processing method when manufacturing cooling plate jig made of SUS304 material used for cell phone liquid crystal glass processing. In order to solve these problems, we redesigned the process according to the size of our company and tried to manage all processes with quantified data. In the meantime, we have found that there is a need to improve the cutter process, which accounts for most of the machining process. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation between RPM and FEED of three cutters that have been used in the past. As a result, we found that it is the most urgent problem to solve the roughing process during the cutter operation which occupies more than 70% of the total machining. In order to shorten the machining time and improve the quality in machining of SUS304 cooling plate jig, we select the main factors such as price, tool life, maintenance cost, productivity, quality, RPM, and FEED and use AHP to find the most suitable milling cutter. We also tried to solve the problem of delivery, quality and production capacity which was a big problem of S company through experiment operation with selected cutter tool. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the most efficient of the three cutters currently available in the machining center has proven to be an M-cutter. Second, although one additional facility was required, it was possible to produce the existing facilities without additional investment by supplementing the lack of production capacity due to productivity improvement. Third, the Company's difficulties in delivery and capacity shortfalls have been resolved. Fourth, annual sales increased by KRW 109 million and profits increased by KRW 32 million annually. Fifth, it can confirm the usefulness of AHP method in corporate decision making and it can be utilized in various facility investment and process improvement in the future.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2016

목적: 외과적 치주 치료 후 해당 부위 통증과 불편감으로 인해 환자들은 제대로 된 식사가 불가능하며 따라서 적절한 영양 섭취의 어려움으로 인해 삶의 질이 현저히 감소한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 외과적 치주 치료 후 환자의 적절한 영양 섭취를 위해 일정 치유 기간 동안 영양음료를 나누어 마시게 하고 이에 대한 환자의 만족도를 분석하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 외과적 치주 치료를 시행하고 기존에 시판되고 있는 영양음료를 임의의 섭취법에 따라 2개의 실험군으로 나누어 마시게 하고 영양음료를 마시지 않는 대조군을 설정하여 총 90명의 환자에게 영양음료 복용에 대한 환자의 만족도를 patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)를 통하여 분석하였다. 결과: PROMs를 통한 분석 결과, 외과적 치주 치료 후 영양음료를 섭취하였을 때 식사 대용 가능과 사용이 편리하다는 장점이 확인되었다. 또한 공복감을 해소하고 충분한 영양공급을 받아 수술 후 회복에 큰 도움이 되었다는 것이 확인되었다. 결론: 영양음료는 구강 내 수술로 인한 식사의 불편함을 해결해줄 수 있는 효율적인 영양보충제로 사료된다. 또한 술 후 영양 공급과 심리적 안정이 필요한 상황에서 영양음료가 술 후 치유에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

본 연구는 중등교육과정의 의생활 단원 중 반바지 만들기 수업에 e-Learning 적용 효과를 평가하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위해 e-Learning 수업을 위한 사이버 공간으로 인터넷 카페를 개설하고, 여러 곳에서 개발한 기존의 의생활 관련의 콘텐츠를 활용하였으며, e-Learning 수업을 위한 인터넷 카페 운영의 효율성을 연구하였다. 또한 교수 학습 지도안을 제작하여 수업에 활용하였으며, e-Learning 수업의 효과를 평가하기 위해 수업 후 학생들의 반응을 설문 조사하였다. 요약된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, e-Learning 활용 수업으로 가정 교과 학습 내용을 학습자 수준에 맞게 다양한 방법으로 재구성하고 여러 가지 학습콘텐츠를 제공하였다. 둘째, e-Learning 활용 수업을 위하여 학습 자료실에 교과서외의 다양한 자료와 심화 보충 학습 자료를 탑재하여 수준별 선택학습이 가능하였다. 셋째, 과제 결과물을 모든 학생들이 같이 볼 수 있어 평가의 신뢰성을 높이며, 과제 제출물에 대하여 스스로 학습을 계획하고 실천하며 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 넷째, 학생과 교사, 학생과 학생간에 쌍방향적 교류가 가능하므로 교과학습 내용이나 과제에 대한 의견 교환으로 효율적인 학습활동이 이루어질 뿐 아니라 생활 전반에 걸친 상담도 수시로 이루어져 학습지도, 진학지도 및 인성지도가 가능하게 되었다. 다섯째, e-Learning 활용 수업에 대한 학생들의 만족도는 전반적으로 높았으며 특히 의생활 영역에 대한 흥미와 이해가 증가되었고 스스로 공부하는 학습 태도나 습관이 길러졌다고 평가하였다. 또한 e-Learning활용 수업이 도움이 되었으며, 그 이유로는 방과후에도 계속 학습할 수 있고 다양한 자료를 얻을 수 있으며 과제제출방법이 간편하다는 것을 들었다. 끝으로 본 연구에서는 의생활과 관련하여 활용 가능한 콘텐츠를 수업에 적용시키는 것에 주안점을 두었으나, 보다 발전적인 연구를 위하여 e-Learning 교수 학습 모형에 따른 다양한 가정과 영역별 적용 사례 개발 및 발굴이 진행되어야 하며, 사이버교육 콘텐츠 개발 지원으로 학생들의 학습 수준과 흥미를 고려한 다양한 학습 콘텐츠의 제작 보급이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2012

국내 교량의 사용 수명은 대부분 30년 미만으로 향후 유지보수에 투입되어야하는 예산이 증대될 것으로 예측할 수 있다. 그러나 교량에 투입할 수 있는 예산은 한정되어 있기 때문에 효과적인 예산 투입을 통한 교량의 요구 성능 달성을 목표로 수행되고 있는 자산관리에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 교량의 효과적인 자산관리를 수행하기 위해서는 건설사업 수행 전 단계에서 발생하는 정보들을 효과적으로 활용해야한다. 따라서 효과적인 정보관리를 통해 자산관리를 지원할 수 있는 시스템과 DB의 구축이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 현재 건설사업의 정보관리에 활용되고 있는 BIM을 활용하여 교량의 유지관리에 적용할 수 있는 BIM기반 교량 자산관리모델 개발을 목표로 설정하였으며, 선행연구조사를 통한 BIM 기능 및 자산관리 세부구성항목 도출을 수행하고 상호간의 연계성을 고찰하였다. 이를 기반으로 구축된 자산관리 모델은 유지보수 대안별 소요예산과 정체시간을 산정하는 모델로 구성하였다. 또한 구축된 BIM기반 교량 자산관리 모델의 타당성 및 적용성 검증을 위해 사례연구를 수행한 결과, 본 연구에서 제안된 BIM기반 교량 자산관리모델은 현행 교량 유지관리 업무절차에 적용이 가능한 모델로써 한정된 예산 내에서 효율적인 교량 유지관리 업무를 지원할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2010

본 연구는 줄댕강나무 자생지의 환경과 생태적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 조사 결과 자생지는 해발 203-297 m의 범위에서 나타났고, 경사는 $9-17^{\circ}$, 그리고 낙엽층의 두께는 2-5 cm로 확인되었다. 식생조사 결과 4개 지역의 7개 방형구 내에 출현한 관속식물은 총 113종류였으며, 생활형은 H-$D_4$-$R_5$-e로 조사되었다. 관목층의 중요치는 줄댕강나무가 39.61%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 떡갈나무(6.27%), 산조팝나무와 조팝나무(4.04%), 느릅나무(3.84%) 등의 순으로 나타나 이 종류들이 줄댕강나무와 유사한 환경을 선호하는 것으로 생각된다. 상층 수목은 아교목층에 소나무(21.22%)와 떡갈나무(16.82%)가 우점하였고, 초본층은 가는잎그늘사초(18.95%)와 그늘사초(17.63%)가 높은 출현빈도와 피도를 보였다. 종다양도는 평균 1.42였고, 균등도와 우점도는 각각 0.07과 0.86으로 산출되었다. 토양분석 결과 자생지는 사양토, 점질양토, 양토로 조사되었으며, 포장용 수량은 평균 22.49%, 유기물함량은 9.39%로 나타났다. 또한 pH는 6.75 그리고 유효인산함량은 1.23 mg/g으로 조사되었다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2016

Purpose: Gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body weight are important factors of childbirth outcomes, which further cause obesity, metabolic diseases, or psychological problems later in women's lives. Changes in diet, westernized lifestyle, traditional postpartum care, and childbirth at older age are thought to be threats to proper weight management in Korean women of reproductive age. Public health and antenatal care need to focus on the proper body weight management of women by carefully planning pregnancy to postpartum periods. Purpose: This study explored the body weight changes from pregnancy to postpartum and the related characteristics in women within 12 months after childbirth. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted with 102 Korean women within 12 months after childbirth. Data were collected using an online survey system, and a structured questionnaire available for electronic self-administration was modified to include demographics, obstetrical history, and body weight at 6 time points. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Eating Habit Measurement instruments were also used in data collection. A professional survey agency recruited the participants, and data were automatically saved and then analyzed. Results: The average age of the participants was 33.8 years, 48% were housewives and were well-educated. Seventy-two percent of the participants were primiparas and 82% had breastfed their babies. The body mass index (BMI) ranged from 17.3 to 27.8, indicating that 21.5% of the participants were overweight or obese. The mean gestational weight gain was 11.8 kg, and weight loss was apparent during the first 3 months postpartum. The mean decline in weight was 3.4 kg at one year after childbirth. Women wanted to lose 5.6 kg (range: 3~20 kg), however 44% of them reported that they had not engaged in any weight control efforts. Further, 72% of them reported having engaged in a low level of physical activity. Body weight was not associated with women's characteristics, physical activity score, and diet. Conclusion: Women's awareness of gestational weight gain, lifestyle modification, and the risk of prolonged weight retention should be promoted through the antenatal and women's healthcare systems. As pregnancy and childbirth are critical events that affect women's health, integrative education to ensure healthy transition to life after delivery is required.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Objectives : The mechanical properties of Korean electric cupping systems are studied via experimental measurements. The study aimed at establishing the fundamentals of industrialization and systemization of oriental medicine device industry, as well as improving the quality of life for many Koreans. Methods : We reviewed the studies on traditional cupping as well as modern one to fine necessary factors for electric cupping systems. To characterize the mechanical properties of Korean electric cupping systems, we measured the pressure characteristics of commercially available electric cupping system by using an automatic pressure acquisition system and a standard cup. The pumping capability was checked at 40 seconds, and the stability of the suction cup was checked at 600 seconds. We also acquired the noise level of each system in clinical setting. To check the portability of each system, we also measured its physical dimensions. We scrutinized system manuals provided by the system manufacturers. Results : It took less than 5 second to reach the pressure if the connection between the air hose and the vacuum valve of the cupping system was secure. Pressure diminished to no more than 10% for 600s for all systems. Noise levels were 55~70 dB. Increase in pressure was too fast to control for a designated vacuum level except for one product. Conclusions : The Pumping ability of the systems is impressive and reliable. Pressure retention ability of each cup is quite reliable and reproducible. Therefore, their mechanical performances were worthy of recommendation. Some of them had noise level higher than 60 dB and they were bothersome. It was also suggested that the control for low to middle pressure needed to be accomplished by the cupping system.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.26.1-26.10
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• 2017

Background: The impairment of the appearance is a major problem for patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity. These patients want to recover their preoperative facial appearance. Some do not realize that this is not always possible and hence develop a desire for further cosmetic and reconstructive surgery (CRS) which often causes psychological problems. Method: The desire of patients for CRS (N = 410; 26%) has been acquired in this $D{\ddot{O}}SAK$ rehab study including multiple reasons such as medical, functional, aesthetic and psychosocial aspects. They relate to the parameters of diagnosis, treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. Patients without the wish for CRS (N = 1155; 74%) served as control group. For the surgeons, knowledge of the patient's views is relevant in the wish for CRS. Nevertheless, it has hardly been investigated for patients postoperatively to complete resection of oral cancer. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, questionnaires with 147 variables were completed during control appointments. Thirty-eight departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery took part, and 1652 German patients at least 6 months after complete cancer resection answered the questions. Additionally, a physician's questionnaire (N = 1489) was available. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vers. 22. Results: The patient's assessment of their appearance and scarring are the most important criteria resulting in wishes for CRS. Furthermore, functional limitations such as eating/swallowing, pain of the facial muscles, numb regions in the operating field, dealing with the social environment, return to work, tumour size and location, removal and reconstruction are closely related. Conclusion: The wish for CRS depends on diverse functional psychosocial and psychological parameters. Hence, it has to be issued during conversation to improve rehabilitation. A decision on the medical treatment can be of greater satisfaction if the surgeon knows the patients' needs and is able to compare them with the medical capabilities. The informed consent between doctor and patient in regard to these findings is necessary.