• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1575-1589
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to determine molecular structures related to carbohydrates and lipid in alfalfa hay cut at early bud, late bud and early flower and in the afternoon and next morning using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR) and to determine their relationship with alfalfa hay nutrient profile and availability in ruminants. Methods: Chemical composition analysis, carbohydrate fractionation, in situ ruminal degradability, and DVE/OEB model were used to measure nutrient profile and availability of alfalfa hay. Univariate analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were conducted to identify FT/IR spectra differences. Results: The FT/IR non-structural carbohydrate (NSCHO) to total carbohydrates and NSCHO to structural carbohydrate ratios decreased (p<0.05), while lignin to NSCHO and lipid CH3 symmetric to CH2 symmetric ratios increased with advancing maturity (p<0.05). The FT/IR spectra related to structural carbohydrates, lignin and lipids were distinguished for alfalfa hay at three maturities by PCA and CLA, while FT/IR molecular structures related to carbohydrates and lipids were similar between alfalfa hay cut in the morning and afternoon when analyzed by PCA and CLA analysis. Positive correlations were found for FT/IR NSCHO to total carbohydrate and NSCHO to structural carbohydrate ratios with non-fiber carbohydrate (by wet chemistry), ruminal fast and intermediately degradable carbohydrate fractions and total ruminal degradability of carbohydrates and predicted intestinal nutrient availability in dairy cows ($r{\geq}0.60$; p<0.05) whereas FT/IR lignin to NSCHO and CH3 to CH2 symmetric stretching ratio had negative correlation with predicted ruminal and intestinal nutrient availability of alfalfa hay in dairy cows ($r{\geq}-0.60$; p<0.05). Conclusion: FT/IR carbohydrate and lipid molecular structures in alfalfa hay changed with advancing maturity from early bud to early flower, but not during the day, and these molecular structures correlated with predicted nutrient supply of alfalfa hay in ruminants.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 2013

This paper presents a case study of PSD(Platform Screen Door) system assurance based on EN50126 life-cycle stage. By applying this system assurance, the accidents related to urban light transit railway especially that caused casualties could be reduced tremendously. This case study contributes significantly to the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of the PSD system. Request For Proposal (RFP) of a rail road operator in which required by RAMS is prepared in which to ensure all system assurance activity and safety assessment are compulsory. The step-by-step activities and related deliverables are used which include functional analysis, FMECA, hazard identification analysis, system hazard analysis, maintainability analysis, FRACAS, and finally verification and validation of the system.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2007

This paper deals with the effectiveness analysis of an engineering system, which has two units of different strengths in parallel and one unit as a cold standby unit. Failure times for all the units have negative exponential distribution whereas their repair times have general distribution. Single server caters the need for the system. The effectiveness analysis of the system is done by using regenerative point technique. The different measures of effectiveness such as mean sojourn time, mean time to system failure, availability, busy period, etc, are derived. Cost factors also taken into consideration.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.362-369
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• 1998

The computational environment in which engineers perform their designs has been rapidly evolved from coarse serial machines to massively parallel machines. Although the recent development of high-performance computers are available for a number of years, only limited successful applications of the new computational environments in computational structural engineering field has been reported due to its limited availability and large cost associated with high-performance computing. As a new computational model for high-performance engineering computing without cost and availability problems, parallel structural analysis models for large scale structures on a network of personal computers (PCs) are presented in this paper. In structural analysis solving routine for the linear system of equations is the most time consuming part. Thus, the focus is on the development of efficient preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) solvers on the proposed computational model. Two parallel PCG solvers, PPCG-I and PPCG-II, are developed and applied to analysis of large scale space truss structures.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 1998

Reliability evaluation methodologies of the multipath MIN system are reviewed and critically compared. Some guidelines are proposed to select efficient evaluation method for the system designers to use. Considering the switch failure and repair characteristics of the MIN system, three types of Markov models are proposed for the MIN system availability models. These models can be used for the MIN performance analysis. The performance of the MIN system are supposed to vary according to the failure state of the system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2828-2835
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• 2015

In this paper, we analyse the effect of redundancy types and non-stop forwarding scheme on network service availability. We use stochastic reward net models as enabling modeling approach for the analytical evaluation. We first design stochastic reward nets for redundancy models with or without non-stop forwarding and then evaluate their availability using Stochastic Petri Net Package.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

In these days, Internet environment are very quickly development as well On-line service have been using a online for the mission critical business around the world. As the amount of information to be processed by computers has recently been increased there has been cluster computing systems developed by connecting workstations server using high speed networks for high availability. As a result, this study on a cluster based DBMS and common solution of DBMS venders has been studying with a wide range, as well as It is not good study a management skill for the cluster-based DBMS efficiently and optimization. accordingly, This study find out optimization managements skill and theory of he High availability solution on cluster-based DBMS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.787-792
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the iron availability and to analyze dietary factors which influence hematological indices of 130 female adolescents with iron deficiency anemia. Intakes of iron and other nutrients were estimated using a self-administrated questionnaire combined with the 24-hour recall mehtod and iron availability was calculated by Monsen's method. Mean daily intakes of calorie, protein and vitamin C were 1631.0kcal(77.7% of RDA), 54.7g(84.2% of RDA) and 45.7mg(83.0% of RDA), respectively. In terms of iron, mean daily intake was 8.7mg(48.3% of RDA) and heme iron intake was 3.0mg which correspond to 34% of total iron intake. The amount of total absorbable iron was 1.5mg and the estimated bioavailability of dietary iron was 17.2%. In summary, intake of several nutrients for most of the subjects were under RDA. Dietary factors affecting hematological indices were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Intake of vitamin C was a major determinant of Hb level, while both intake of enhancing factor and iron availability were major determinants of serum ferritin level. In conclusion proper nutritional education and guidance for iron deficiency anemic female adoalescent needs to be developed and to improve their iron storage should be increased intakes of enhancing factors, female adoalescents.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.461-471
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• 2016

A quality check algorithm for the Weather Information Service Engine pulsed Doppler wind lidar is developed from a view point of spatial and temporal consistencies of observed wind speed. Threshold values for quality check are determined by statistical analysis on the standard deviation of 3-component of wind speed obtained by a wind lidar, and the vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed obtained by a radiosonde system. The algorithm includes carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) check, data availability check, and vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed check. That is, data sets whose CNR is less than -29 dB, data availability is less than 90%, or vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed is less than $-0.028s^{-1}$ or larger than $0.032s^{-1}$ are classified as 'doubtful', and flagged. The developed quality check algorithm is applied to data obtained at Bucheon station for the period from 1 to 30 September 2015. It is found that the number of 'doubtful' data shows maxima around 2000 m high, but the ratio of 'doubtful' to height-total data increases with increasing height due to atmospheric boundary height, cloud, or rainfall, etc. It is also found that the quality check by data availability is more effective than those by carrier to noise ratio or vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed to remove an erroneous noise data.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2002

An cluster web server system, one has the problem that does the low availability occured by the high chance of the server failures and it is not easy to provide high performance and availability occuring software aging. In this paper, running cluster web sewers consists of n primary servers and k backup servers, propose software rejuvenation model on performance and switchover time. Based on the various system operational parameters, we calculate to evaluate the rejuvenation policy such steady-state probabilities, availability, and downtime cost. And we validate the solutions of mathematical model by experiments based on various operation parameters and fud that the software rejuvenation method can be adopted as prventive fault tolerant technique for stability of system.