• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.339-344
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• 2005

A PEMFC system model for FCEV was constructed and simulated numerically to examine the heat/water flow of the system and air/fuel humidification process for various operation conditions (ambient pressure /temperature/humidity, operating temperature, power load). We modeled PEMFC stack which can generate maximum electricity of about 80 kW. This stack consists of 400 unit cells and each unit cell has $250cm^2$ reacting area. Uniform current density and uniform operating voltage per each cell was assumed. The results show the flow characteristics of heat and water at each component of PEMFC system in macro-scale. The capacity shortage of the radiator occurred when the ambient was hot $(over\;40^{\circ}C)$ and power level was high (over 50 kW). In spite of some heat release by evaporation of water in stack, heat unbalance reached to 20kW approximately in such a severe operating condition. This heat unbalance could be recovered by auxiliary radiators or high speed cooling fan with additional cost. In cold environment, the capacity of radiator exceeded the net heat generation to be released, which may cause a problem to drop the operating temperature of stack. We dealt with this problem by regulating mass flow rate of coolant and radiator fan speed. Finally, water balance was not easily broken when we retrieved condensed and/or unused water.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년도 제30회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.159-162
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• 2008

발사체의 상단에 사용되는 여러 가지 싸이클의 특성을 조사한 뒤, 그 중 가스발생기 후연소 싸이클 엔진의 특성을 살펴보았다. 발사체 상단에 사용되는 엔진은 추진제와 싸이클의 특성상 연소압-확장비 다이어그램에서 크게 3그룹으로 나뉘어 진다. 영역 II에 위치한 케로신 엔진은 모두 가스발생기 후연소 싸이클 엔진으로서 높은 압력과 복잡한 구조를 하고 있다. 이 싸이클은 그 특성상 2개 이상의 펌프를 사용한다. 즉, 연료라인을 둘로 분기하여 보다 높은 압력이 요구되는 가스발생기 라인에는 2차 펌프를 두어 좀 더 가압을 하여 보다 효율적인 파워사용이 가능하다. 기본적으로 모든 산화제는 가스발생기를 지나 연소기로 향하기 때문에 2차 펌프의 필요성이 줄어들지만 여러가지 이유로 주펌프 이전에 부스터 펌프를 두어 주산화제 펌프의 부담을 덜어주는 경우가 많다. 폐쇄형 엔진은 그 특성상 엔진 비추력 효율이 개방형 엔진보다 상대적으로 높기 때문에 상단엔진에 적합하다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

This study explores the feasibility of a cold storage system to provide thermal comfort for idle stop and go (ISG) vehicles. ISG function is the most valuable and environmental friendly technology in the current automobile industry. However, when an ISG vehicle stops, meaning when the engine standstill, the air-conditioning system does not work, because the compressor also stops. Therefore, passenger thermal comfort is not maintained, as cold air is not provided in the cabin. Consequently, many automakers have studied electric air-conditioning systems based on electrically-driven compressors or cold storage systems using phase-change materials. The experiments herein were conducted for the feasibility testing of different types of cold storage heat-exchangers, cold storage mediums, and thermo-expansion valves with current air-conditioners. The auxiliary cold storage system, filled with phase-change materials, was located behind the evaporator and almost stacked on top of it. In the experimental results, the air discharge temperature rate of increase was better than the conventional air-conditioning system when the compressor stopped and thermal comfort was maintained with $1.9{\sim}4.3^{\circ}C$ decreases within 60 seconds. The #1 cold storage heat-exchanger (CSH), #2 thermo-expansion valve (TXV) and #2 phase change material (PCM) were chosen because of the best temperature rise delay. It was concluded that a cold storage system is an effective solution for ISG vehicles to maintain thermal comfort during short engine stops.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.381-396
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• 2020

Investigations of the commercial aircraft impact effect on nuclear island infrastructures have been drawing extensive attention, and this paper aims to perform the safety assessment of Generation III nuclear power plant (NPP) buildings subjected to typical commercial aircrafts crash. At present Part I, finite element (FE) models establishment and validations for both the aircrafts and NPP buildings are performed. (i) Airbus A320 and A380 aircrafts are selected as the representative medium and large commercial aircrafts, and the corresponding fine FE models including the skin, beam, fuel and etc. are established. By comparing the numerically derived impact force time-histories with the existing published literatures, the rationality of aircrafts models is verified. (ii) Fine FE model of the Chinese Zhejiang Sanao NPP buildings is established, including the detailed structures and reinforcing arrangement of both the containment and auxiliary buildings. (iii) By numerically reproducing the existing 1/7.5 scaled aircraft model impact tests on steel plate reinforced concrete (SC) panels and assessing the impact process and velocity time-history of aircraft model, as well as the damage and the maximum deflection of SC panels, the applicability of the existing three concrete constitutive models (i.e., K&C, Winfrith and CSC) are evaluated and the superiority of Winfrith model for SC panels under deformable missile impact is verified. The present work can provide beneficial reference for the integral aircraft crash analyses and structural damage assessment in the following two parts of this paper.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.843-851
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• 2009

Much work has already been done to control and regulate the worldwide problems caused by climate change, particularly the issues on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), having the highest form of concentration among GHGs composed around 1.0 billion tons of emission, and comprises about 98% of the total emissions from the shipping industry. Korean trade mainly rely on the sea transportation. Korean ship tonnages that was brought about by shipbuilders all over the country, continues to grow annually due to the prevailing demands on goods or material supplies and depicting only a small part of the global maritime activity. Nowadays, new build ships coming from the Korean Shipbuilders are being optimized by hull, structure and appendages design, The operational capability of the propulsion and auxiliary machineries in its maximum capacity to achieve the highest possible efficiencies for energy and onboard power use to mitigate $CO_2$ emissions are continually being done through the help of research and development. In this paper, the energy efficiency design index and anboard power capacity of Korean new build ships have been analyzed with response to data collected by ship types, and its respective fuel consumption in relation to $CO_2$ emission results. In response to climate change convention outcome proposals, the best way for the new build ships to become energy efficient is by lowering its operational speed thru adopting the state of the art diesel propulsion engines, patronizing the best sailing practice to lower the transportation cost on the different sea trade routes also helps in $CO_2$ mitigation.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 W시에서 운영하는 RDF 생산시설의 펠렛 RDF를 이용하여 RDF의 가스화 반응으로 합성가스를 생산하였다. 생산된 RDF 촤를 소각로에 투입하여 연소과정에서 발생되는 열을 가스화로의 간접열원으로 이용하는 2단 가스화시스템 공정을 개발하였다. RDF의 가스화 반응 시간에 따른 합성가스 발생 비율과 잔재물(촤)의 발열량 분석 등을 통하여 2단 가스화시스템 공정에서의 합성가스 생산 최적 운전조건을 연구하였다. 가스화로의 외부 열원 공급에 필요한 에너지 비용 저감을 위해 최적의 촤 체류시간을 도출하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.655-660
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• 2018

지리적 특성상, 도서지역에 전력을 공급하기 위해서 ICG(Internal combustion generation)가 사용되고 있으며, 이로 인하여 상당한 운영비, 염해문제 및 환경오염이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 도서지역에 대해서, KEPCO는 매년 상당한 운영결손액을 감당하고 있는데, 특히 연료비 및 지급수수료가 운영결손액의 상당 부분을 차지하고 있다. 특히, 지급수수료를 줄이기 위하여 근거리 도서 사이의 해저케이블을 통한 ICG 통합운영(integrated ICG, IICG)이 고려되고 있다. 한편, 저탄소 사회에 대한 수요 때문에 도서지역에 분산형전원(Distributed Generation, DG)이 도입되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서, 환경적 특성으로 인해 DG 출력이 불충분한 경우 보조 동력원으로 IICG가 사용되는, 즉, IICG에 DG를 도입한 하이브리드 내연발전(hybrid internal combustion generation, HICG)이 도입되고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 HICG에서 한전 운영결손액에 상응하게 도입될 수 있는 최적 DG 용량을 산정하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 연료비와 최대부하 크기는 최적 DG 용량에 큰 영향을 미치며, 최대부하가 서로 다른 여러 도서에 제안된 알고리즘을 적용하여 그 유효성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2016

Purpose: The heat culture areas of greenhouses have been continuously increasing. In the face of international oil price fluctuations, development of energy saving technologies is becoming essential. To save energy, auxiliary heat source and thermal insulation technologies are being developed, but they lack cost-efficiency. The present study was conducted to save energy by developing a conceptually new semi-basement type greenhouse. Methods: A semi-basement type greenhouse, was designed and constructed in the form of a three quarter greenhouse as a basic structure, which is an advantageous structure to inflow sunlight. To evaluate the performance of the developed greenhouse, a similar structured general greenhouse was installed as a control plot, and heating tests were conducted under the same crop growth conditions. Results: Although shadows appeared during the winter in the semi-basement type greenhouse due to the underground drop, the results of crop growth tests indicated that there were no differences in crop growth and development between the semi-basement type greenhouse and the control greenhouse, indicating that the shadows did not affect the crop up to the height of the crop growing point. The amount of fuel used for heating from January to March was almost the same between the two greenhouses for tests. The heating load coefficients of the experimental greenhouses were calculated as $3.1kcal/m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C{\cdot}h$ for the semi-basement type greenhouse and $2.9kcal/m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C{\cdot}h$ for the control greenhouse. Since the value is lower than the double layer PE (polyethylene) film greenhouse value of $3.5kcal/m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C{\cdot}h$ from a previous study, Tthe semi-basement type greenhouse seemed to have energy saving effects. Conclusions: The semi-basement type greenhouse could be operated with the same fuel consumption as general greenhouses, even though its underground portion resulted in a larger volume, indicating positive effects on energy saving and space utilization. It was identified that the heat losses could be reduced by installing a thermal curtain of multi-layered materials for heat insulation inside the greenhouse for the cultivation of horticultural products by installing thermal curtain of multi-layered materials for heat insulation inside the greenhouse, it was identified that the heat losses could be reduced.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7250-7255
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• 2015

본 논문은 전기자동차의 주행 거리 향상을 위한 전기자동차용 연소식 공기 히터를 개발하기 위하여 기존 디젤 연소식 공기 히터의 난방성능에 대한 실험 및 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 연소식 공기 히터의 성능 분석을 위하여, 히터의 열용량 계산과 실차 실험을 통한 온도 변화를 고찰하였다. 승차공간으로 공급되는 난방 공기의 온도는 $101.3^{\circ}C$이며 연소식 공기 히터 내부 히트싱크의 표면 온도 편차는 위치에 따라 67.8% 차이를 나타내었고 공기 히터의 난방 열량은 2.0 kW로 산출되었다. 또한 연소식 공기 히터의 실차적용 실험에서 차량 승차공간의 내부 온도는 지속적으로 상승하였고 1800초 후 승차공간의 상부 공기 온도는 $42.5^{\circ}C$이고, 하부 공기 온도는 $25.3^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며 디젤 연소식 공기 히터의 난방 효율은 평균 63.7%로 산출되었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 유기성폐자원의 바이오가스 생산 및 이용을 최적화를 위해 현장시설의 정밀모니터링과 시설별 에너지수지를 분석하고, 현장문제 해결방안에 대해서 조사하여 전처리시설 및 발전기 등의 설계 및 운전 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 고품질화 정제설비 운영에 잦은 고장 및 효율 저하를 해결하기 위해서는 가스전처리가 필요하며, 탈황, 제습, 탈실록산, 분진 처리, 휘발성유기화합물 등의 처리공정이 있다. 이 공정들은 고품질화 공정에서도 제거되는 물질들이기에 가스 전처리에서는 정량적 가이드라인은 제시하지 않고, 정성적 가이드라인으로 처리공간에 운영하도록 제시하였다. 특히, 분진, 실록산 및 휘발성유기화합물 등은 가스 전처리에서 제거되지 않으면 고품질화 공정의 잦은 고장의 주원인이된다. 바이오가스 고품질화 공정에 대한 설계 운전 가이드라인은 전체 가스 발생량의 90 % 이상 이용, 2계열화, 여유율 10 % 이상 감안 등이 있으며, 품질기준[메탄함량(프로판 포함) 95 % 이상]을 제시함. 또한 균등한 바이오가스 유입을 위해 가스균등조 설치, 보조연료 균등투입 제어를 위한 열량자동조절장치 설치, 가스압축과정에서 다량 발생하는 수분 제거를 위한 고품질화 후단의 제습장치 설치, 겨울철 설비의 결빙 및 효율 저하 방지를 위한 보온설비 설치, 특히 멤브레인 설비는 실내 설치 등을 제시하였다.