• 제목/요약/키워드: autoregulation of nodulation

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Long-Distance Control of Nodulation: Molecules and Models

  • Magori, Shimpei;Kawaguchi, Masayoshi
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.129-134
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    • 2009
  • Legume plants develop root nodules to recruit nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia. This symbiotic relationship allows the host plants to grow even under nitrogen limiting environment. Since nodule development is an energetically expensive process, the number of nodules should be tightly controlled by the host plants. For this purpose, legume plants utilize a long-distance signaling known as autoregulation of nodulation (AON). AON signaling in legumes has been extensively studied over decades but the underlying molecular mechanism had been largely unclear until recently. With the advent of the model legumes, L. japonicus and M. truncatula, we have been seeing a great progress including isolation of the AON-associated receptor kinase. Here, we summarize recent studies on AON and discuss an updated view of the long-distance control of nodulation.

Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor 발현 억제에 의한 콩 뿌리혹 수의 감소 (Inhibition of SKTI Synthesis in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced Hairy Root Reduces the Number of Nodule in Soybean)

  • 김선형;임채우;박지영;황철호
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제54권3호
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    • pp.299-306
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    • 2009
  • 콩과식물의 뿌리혹 형성을 조절하는 신호물질의 확인을 위해 신팔달콩2호의 줄기 수액 단백질 중에서 B. japonicum USDA110의 접종 후 2.5일(DAI)에 20 kDa의 SKTI 단백질이 증가하였다가 7 DAI에는 감소되면서 6 kDa의 작은 크기의 단백질이 증가되었다. 이러한 단백질의 차등발현은 조사한 3종의 콩에서 모두 유사하게 나타났으며 특히 대원콩에서 가장 두드러졌다. Western 분석으로 7 DAI에서 증가하는 6 kDa 단백질이 SKTI 항체와 특이적 반응을 하는 것으로 확인하여 SKTI가 절단되어 생긴 펩타이드로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 20 KDa의 SKTI단백질이 콩의 뿌리혹 착생 초기단계인 2.5 DAI에 영향을 주고, 7 DAI로 진행되면서 6 kDa의 작은 크기의 단백질로 분해되어 그 양이 감소하는 것으로 생각된다. RNAi를 이용하여 유전자 기능이 억제된 형질전환된 모상근의 뿌리혹을 실제 형질전환이 확인된 모상근에 착생된 뿌리혹의 수를 비교한 결과 비재조합 A. rhizogenes을 접종시킨 대조구에 비해 SKTI RNAi 유전자를 형질전환한 모상근에서 모상근 당 착생된 뿌리혹 수가 감소되었다. 실시간 PCR 방법으로 형질전환된 모상근의 SKTI 전사체 수준에서도 상응하는 차이를 확인하였다. 이에 정확한 기작을 알 수 없지만 SKTI유전자가 뿌리혹 형성 초기에 뿌리혹 형성과정에 직간접적으로 관련하고 있음을 확인하였다. Sesbania rostrata의 뿌리혹 발생과정의 Protease 저해제와 같이 뿌리 혹 내의 감염세포 대 비감염세포의 비율을 조절하는 SKTI 발현 억제는 이러한 균형을 교란하여 뿌리혹의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 추정된다.

Introduction, Development, and Characterization of Supernodulating Soybean Mutant -Shoot Factor Regulation of Nodule Development in Supernodulating Soybean Mutant-

  • Lee, Hong-Suk;Kim, Yong-Wook;Park, Eui-Ho
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.28-31
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    • 1998
  • Nodule development was regulated partially by host plant factors originating in the shoots and roots. This study was performed to identify the origin of the factors regulating nodulation in supernodulating soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutant 'SS2-2' which was isolated recently from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of 'Sinpaldalkong 2'. Self- and reciprocal-grafts were made among three soybean genotypes which consisted of two supernodulating mutants, SS2-2 and 'nts 382', and a normal nodulating Sinpaldalkong 2. Self-grafted supernodulating mutants were characterized by greater nodule number, nodule dry weight, and $C_2$H$_2$ reduction activity than self-grafted wild types. They were also characterized by relatively higher nodule to root dry weight. Significant shoot genotypic effects were observed on nodule number, nodule dry weight, and $C_2\;H_2$ reduction activity per plant, whereas varying root genotypes had no effects. From this result, it is surmised that supernodulating characters are controlled by a graft-transmissible shoot factor, and mutant SS2-2 may have similar nodulation mechanism to the former supernodulating nts 382. In all grafts, both supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2 maintained the similar balance between above ground and below ground parts regardless of significant differences in partitioning of dry matter into root and nodule between supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2.

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