• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.29-40
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• 2022

In this paper, we studied a system that detects and analyzes the pathological features of diabetic retinopathy using Mask R-CNN and a Random Forest classifier. Those are one of the deep learning techniques and automatically diagnoses diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy can be diagnosed through fundus images taken with special equipment. Brightness, color tone, and contrast may vary depending on the device. Research and development of an automatic diagnosis system using artificial intelligence to help ophthalmologists make medical judgments possible. This system detects pathological features such as microvascular perfusion and retinal hemorrhage using the Mask R-CNN technique. It also diagnoses normal and abnormal conditions of the eye by using a Random Forest classifier after pre-processing. In order to improve the detection performance of the Mask R-CNN algorithm, image augmentation was performed and learning procedure was conducted. Dice similarity coefficients and mean accuracy were used as evaluation indicators to measure detection accuracy. The Faster R-CNN method was used as a control group, and the detection performance of the Mask R-CNN method through this study showed an average of 90% accuracy through Dice coefficients. In the case of mean accuracy it showed 91% accuracy. When diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed by learning a Random Forest classifier based on the detected pathological symptoms, the accuracy was 99%.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.381-386
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• 2023

Many existing test case generation researchers extract test cases from models. However, research on generating test cases from natural language requirements is required in practice. For this purpose, the combination of natural language analysis and requirements engineering is very necessary. However, Requirements analysis written in Korean is difficult due to the diverse meaning of sentence expressions. We research test case generation through natural language requirement definition analysis, C3Tree model, cause-effect graph, and decision table steps as one of the test case generation methods from Korean natural requirements. As an intermediate step, this paper generates test cases from C3Tree model-based decision tables using meta-modeling. This method has the advantage of being able to easily maintain the model-to-model and model-to-text transformation processes by modifying only the transformation rules. If an existing model is modified or a new model is added, only the model transformation rules can be maintained without changing the program algorithm. As a result of the evaluation, all combinations for the decision table were automatically generated as test cases.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.56.1-56.1
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• 2020

한국의 고문헌 중에는 다양한 고천문 기록들이 한문 형태로 존재하며, 이를 학술적으로 활용하기 위해서는 전문 번역가 투입에 따른 많은 비용과 시간이 요구된다. 이에 인공신경망 기계학습에 의한 인공지능 번역기를 개발하여 비록 초벌 번역 수준일지라도 문장 형태의 한문을 한글로 자동번역해 주는 학술 도구를 소개하고자 한다. 이 자동번역기는 한국천문연구원이 한국정보화진흥원이 주관하는 2019년도 Information and Communication Technology 기반 공공서비스 촉진사업에 한국고전번역원과 공동 참여하여 개발 완료한 것이다. 이 연구는 고천문 도메인에 특화된 인공지능 기계학습용 데이터인 천문 고전 코퍼스를 구축하여 이를 기반으로 천문 고전 특화 자동번역 모델을 개발하고 번역 서비스하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 구축되는 시스템은 크게 세 가지이다. 첫째, 로그인이 필요 없이 누구나 웹 접속을 통해 사용이 가능한 클라우드 기반의 고문헌 자동번역 대국민서비스 시스템이다. 둘째, 참여 기관별로 구축된 코퍼스와 도메인 특화된 번역 모델의 생성 및 관리할 수 있는 클라우드 기반의 대기관 서비스 플랫폼 구축이다. 셋째, 개발된 자동번역 Applied Programmable Interface를 활용한 한국천문연구원 내 자체 서비스가 가능한 AITHA 시스템이다. 연구 결과로서 먼저 구축된 천문 고전 코퍼스 60,760건에 대한 샘플링 검수 결과는 품질 순도 99.9% 이상이다. 아울러 도출된 천문 고전 특화 번역 모델 총 20개 중 대표 모델에 대한 성능 평가 결과는 기계 번역 텍스트 품질 평가 알고리즘인 Bilingual Evaluation Understudy 평가에서 40.02점이며, 전문가에 의한 휴먼 평가에서 5.0 만점 중 4.05점이다. 이는 당초 연구 목표로 삼았던 초벌 번역 수준에 충분하며, 현재 개발된 시스템들은 자체 시험 운영 중이다. 이 연구는 특수 고문헌에 해당되는 고천문 기록들의 번역 장벽을 낮춰 관련 연구자들의 학술적 접근 및 다양한 연구에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 고천문 분야가 인공지능 자동번역 확산 플랫폼 시범의 첫 케이스로써 추후 타 학문 분야 참여 시 시너지 효과도 기대해 볼 수 있다. 고문헌 자동번역기는 점차 더 많은 학습 데이터와 학습량이 쌓일수록 더 좋은 학술 도구로 진화할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2024

Analyzing the tunnel excavation behavior and its effect on the surrounding ground involves large deformation behavior. Therefore, in order to properly simulate the tunnel excavation process and rigorously investigate the actual effect of excavation on surrounding ground and tunnel structure large deformation analysis method is required. In this study, two major numerical approaches capable of considering large deformations behavior were applied to investigate the effect of tunnel boring machine excavation on the surrounding ground: coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) and the automatic remeshing (AR) method. Relative performance of both approaches was evaluated through the ground response due to TBM excavation. The ground response will be quantified by estimating the range of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ). By comparing the results, the range of the EDZ will be suggested on the vertical and horizontal direction along the TBM excavation surface. Based on the computed results, it was found that the size of EDZ around the excavation surface and the tendencies was in good agreement among the two approaches. Numerical results clearly show that the size of the EDZ around the tunnel tends to be larger for rock with higher RMR rating. The size of the EDZ is found to be direct proportional to the tunnel diameter, whereas the depth of the tunnel is inversely proportional due to higher confinement stress around the excavation surface.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.212-223
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• 2006

Positional accuracy of the on-board imager (OBI) isocenter with gantry rotation was presented in this paper. Three different type of automatic evaluation methods of discrepancies between therapeutic and OBI isocenter using digital image processing techniques as well as a procedure stated in the customer acceptance procedure (CAP) were applied to check OBI isocenter migration trends. Two kinds of kV x-ray image set obtained at OBI source angle of $0^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ},\;270^{\circ}$ and every $10^{\circ}$ and raw projection data for cone-beam CT reconstruction were used for each evaluation method. Efficiencies of the methods were also estimated. If a user needs to obtain an isocenter variation map with full gantry rotation, a method taking OBI image for every $10^{\circ}$ and fitting with 5th order polynomial was appropriate. However for a mere quality assurance (QA) purpose of OBI isocenter accuracy, it was adequate to use only four OBI Images taken at the OBI source angle of $0^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ}\;and\;270^{\circ}$. Maximal discrepancy was 0.44 mm which was observed between the OBI source angle of $90^{\circ}\;and\;180^{\circ}$ OBI isocenter accuracy was maintained below 0.5 mm for a year. Proposed QA program may be helpful to Implement a reasonable routine QA of the OBI isocenter accuracy without great efforts.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.32
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• pp.395-432
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is (i) to explore arguments of post-kohlbergian approach in moral psychology and; (ii) to analyze Blasi's and Lapsley's positions regarding the relationship between moral philosophy and psychology in terms of reflective reasoning and; (ⅲ) to suggest their's implication concerning the future development of moral identity theory. Moral identity theory has emerged as an alternative approach of the Kohlberg's moral development theory. Theorists of moral identity theory commonly criticize Kohlberg's theory as a philosophical psychology and insist the autonomy of moral psychology. However, one can find different positions within this trend, especially concerning he meaning and role of the reflection in moral functioning. Blasi emphasizes the importance of the reflective reasoning of moral agent, while Lapsley supports moral automacy contrary to Kohlberg's phenomenalism. Although Blasi had been negative about building moral psychology based on the moral philosophy, he has articulated the moral identity theory based on the concept of free will by Frankfurt. However, recently he criticizes intuitionist theory of Haidit and suggests the notion of the moral agent with the skill of reflective reasoning, or post-conventional thinking in Kohlberg's terms. Blasi's perspective of moral identity has two version. The one emphasizes the moral understanding which means strong evaluation, while the other refers to reasoning with weak evaluation. This leads to an inevitable inner contradiction within his theory of moral identity. Lapsley considers moral identity as a heuristic idea and suggests moral chronic as a new model of moral identity. This model is based on the social cognitive theory. His social cognitive model of moral personality provides the account for implicit, tacit, and automatic of moral functioning, while reflecting the core of moral identity. Lapsley suggests that moral function involves conscious and unconscious processes. The former occurs in normal situations of life, while the latter in rare and unusual situations. He does not highlight reasoning in moral functioning as Blasi do. In consequence, I will argue the notion of the moral agent with the skill of reflective reasoning, or post conventional thinking in Kohlberg's terms in the moral functioning like Gibbs and Turiel positions in the Journal of Moral Education' s 2008 special issue. Moral philosophy and psychology should be in complementary relations. It means we explore not only more interdisciplinary researches on the moral functioning, but also researches based on the moral philosophy.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2010

Purpose: As PET/CT come into wide use, it caused increasing of expose in clinical use. Therefore, Korea Food and Drug Administration issued Patient DRL (Diagnostic Reference Level) in CT scan. In this study, to build the basis of patient dose reduction, we analyzed effective dose in transmission scan with CT scan. Materials and Methods: From February, 2010 to March 180 patients (age: $55{\pm}16$, weight: $61.0{\pm}10.4$ kg) who examined $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT in Asan Medical Center. Biograph Truepoint 40 (SIEMENS, GERMANY), Biograph Sensation 16 (SIEMENS, GERMANY) and Discovery STe8 (GE healthcare, USA) were used in this study. Per each male and female average of 30 patients doses were analyzed by one. Automatic exposure control system for controlling the dose can affect the largest by a patient's body weight less than 50 kg, 50-60 kg less, 60 kg more than the average of the three groups were divided doses. We compared that measured value of CT-expo v1.7 and ImPACT v1.0. The relationship between body weight and the effective dose were analyzed. Results: When using CT-Expo V1.7, effective dose with BIO40, BIO16 and DSTe8 respectably were $6.46{\pm}1.18$ mSv, $9.36{\pm}1.96 $mSv and $9.36{\pm}1.96$ mSv for 30 male patients respectably $6.29{\pm}0.97$ mSv, $10.02{\pm}2.42$ mSv and $9.05{\pm}2.27$ mSv for 30 female patients respectably. When using ImPACT v1.0, effective dose with BIO40, BIO16 and DSTe8 respectably were $6.54{\pm}1.21$ mSv, $8.36{\pm}1.69$ mSv and $9.74{\pm}2.55$Sv for 30 male patients respectably $5.87{\pm}1.09$ mSv, $8.43{\pm}1.89$ mSv and $9.19{\pm}2.29$ mSv for female patients respectably. When divided three groups which were under 50 kg, 50~60 kg and over 60 kg respectably were 6.27 mSv, 7.67 mSv and 9.33 mSv respectably using CT-Expo V1.7, 5.62 mSv, 7.22 mSv and 8.91 mSv respectably using ImPACT v1.0. Weight and the effective dose coefficient analysis showed a very strong positive correlation(r=743, r=0.693). Conclusion: Using such a dose evaluation programs, easier to predict and evaluate the effective dose possible without performing phantom study and such dose evaluation programs could be used to collect basic data for CT dose management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

In study suggested clinical availability to shoulder forced traction method in term of quality of image, the patient's convenience and stability, according to whether to use of shoulder forced traction bend using computed tomography(CT) that X-ray calibration and various mathematic calibration algorithm application can be applied by AEC. To achieve this, 79 patients is complaining of cervical pain oriented that shoulder forced traction bend use the before and after acquires lateral projection scout image and transverse image. transverse image of a fixed size in concern field of pixel and figure the average HU value compare that quantitative analysis. Artifact and pixel and resolution to qualitative clinical estimation image analysis. the patient feel inconvenience degree that self-diagnosis survey that estimate. As a result, lateral projection scout image if you used shoulder forced traction bend for the depicted has been an increase in the number of a cervical vertebrae. transverse image concern field shoulder forced traction bend use the before and after for pixel and the average HU-value changes was judged to be almost irrelevant. Artifact and resolution and contrast, in qualitative analysis of the results relating the observer to the unusual result. So, the patients of 82.27% complained discomfort that use of shoulder forced traction bend in self-diagnosis survey. No merit of medical image by using of bend from result was analyzed quality of image to quantitative and qualitative method judged. Nowadays, CT is supplied possible revision of quality of radiation by reduction of slice and automatic exposure controller, etc and application of preconditioning filter process due to various mathematic revision algorithm. So, image noise by beam hardening artifact should not be a problem. shoulder forced traction bend of use no longer judged clinically availability because have not influence of image quality and give discomfort, have extra dangerousness.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Purpose : When a radiation treatment, there is an attenuation by Carbon Fiber Couch. In this study, we tried to evaluate the usability of the Varian Standard Couch(VSC) by modeling with Treatment Planning System (TPS) Materials and Methods : VSC was scanned by CBCT(Cone Beam Computed Tomography) of the Linac(Clinac IX, VARIAN, USA), following the three conditions of VSC, Side Rail OutGrid(SROG), Side Rail InGrid(SRIG), Side Rail In OutSpine Down Bar(SRIOS). After scan, the data was transferred to TPS and modeled by contouring Side Rail, Side Bar Upper, Side Bar Lower, Spine Down Bar automatically. We scanned the Cheese Phantom(Middelton, USA) using Computed Tomography(Light Speed RT 16, GE, USA) and transfer the data to TPS, and apply VSC modeled previously with TPS to it. Dose was measured at the isocenter of Ion Chamber(A1SL, Standard imaging, USA) in Cheese Phantom using 4 and 10 MV radiation for every $5^{\circ}$ gantry angle in a different filed size($3{\times}3cm^2$, $10{\times}10cm^2$) without any change of MU(=100), and then we compared the calculated dose and measured dose. Also we included dose at the $127^{\circ}$ in SRIG to compare the attenuation by Side Bar Upper. Results : The density of VSC by CBCT in TPS was $0.9g/cm^3$, and in the case of Spine Down Bar, it was $0.7g/cm^3$. The radiation was attenuated by 17.49%, 16.49%, 8.54%, and 7.59% at the Side Rail, Side Bar Upper, Side Bar Lower, and Spine Down Bar. For the accuracy of modeling, calculated dose and measured dose were compared. The average error was 1.13% and the maximum error was 1.98% at the $170^{\circ}beam$ crossing the Spine Down Bar. Conclusion : To evaluate the usability for the VSC modeled by TPS, the maximum error was 1.98% as a result of compassion between calculated dose and measured dose. We found out that VSC modeling helped expect the dose, so we think that it will be helpful for the more accurate treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2007

The evaluation of soybean germplasm has mainly been carried out by morphological characters at Genetic Resources Division, Rural Development Administration (RDA). However, this information has been limited serving a diverse information for user and effectively managing the soybean germplasm. To resolve this problem, soybean collection conserved at RDA gene bank was profiled using nine soybean SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Soybean SSR allele was confirmed using genescan and genotyper softwares of automatic sequencer for accurate genotyping of each accession and continuous accumulation of data. SSR profiling of soybean germplasm has been carried out from 2,855 (Satt458) to 4,368 (Satt197) accessions by locus. The number of allele revealed 267 with an average of 29.6 in total accession, and varied from a low of 21 (Satt532 and Satt141) to a high of 58 (Sat_074). Although the number of accessions of wild soybean is less than that of soybean landraces, Korean wild soybean is more variable than other soybean landraces populations in total number of alleles. However, Korean soybean landraces were more variable than Korean wild soybeans in 5 loci. In the allele frequency, wild soybean accessions showed an even distribution in all alleles and higher distribution in low ladder than in high ladder. Also, Korean soybean landraces revealed a high condensed frequency in Satt286 (202 bp, 232 bp), Chinese soybean landraces in Satt197 (171 bp) and Satt458 (173 bp), and Japanese soybean landraces in Sat_074 (244 bp) and Satt458 (170 bp). These SSR profile information will be provided as indications of redundancies or omissions of accessions and can aid in managing soybean collection held at RDA gene bank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding program, and could be used to develop a core collection of soybean germplasm.