• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.225-239
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• 2020

Analysis approaches for single compositional data are well established; however, effective analysis strategies for paired compositional data remain to be investigated. The current project was motivated by studies of age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis), where subjects are classified into four audiometric phenotypes that need to be ranked within these phenotypes based on their paired compositional data. We address this challenge by formulating this problem as a classification problem and integrating a penalized multinomial logistic regression model with compositional data analysis approaches. We utilize Elastic Net for a penalty function, while considering average, absolute difference, and perturbation operators for compositional data. We applied the proposed approach to the presbyacusis study of 532 subjects with probabilities that each ear of a subject belongs to each of four presbyacusis subtypes. We further investigated the ranking of presbyacusis subjects using the proposed approach based on previous literature. The data analysis results indicate that the proposed approach is effective for ranking subjects based on paired compositional data.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Hearing can be elicited in response to vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid in the external auditory meatus. To obtain a complete audiogram in subjects with normal hearing in response to pure tone vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus. Subjects and Methods: Pure tone vibratory stimuli in the audiometric range from 0.25 to 6.0 kHz were delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus of eight participants with normal hearing (15 dB or better) using a rod attached to a standard clinical bone vibrator. The fluid thresholds obtained were compared to the air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC; mastoid), and soft tissue conduction (STC; neck) thresholds in the same subjects. Results: Fluid stimulation thresholds were obtained at every frequency in each subject. The fluid and STC (neck) audiograms sloped down at higher frequencies, while the AC and BC audiograms were flat. It is likely that the fluid stimulation audiograms did not involve AC mechanisms or even, possibly, osseous BC mechanisms. Conclusions: The thresholds elicited in response to the fluid in the meatus likely reflect a form of STC and may result from excitation of the inner ear by the vibrations induced in the fluid. The sloping fluid audiograms may reflect transmission pathways that are less effective at higher frequencies.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Hearing can be elicited in response to vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid in the external auditory meatus. To obtain a complete audiogram in subjects with normal hearing in response to pure tone vibratory stimuli delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus. Subjects and Methods: Pure tone vibratory stimuli in the audiometric range from 0.25 to 6.0 kHz were delivered to fluid applied to the external meatus of eight participants with normal hearing (15 dB or better) using a rod attached to a standard clinical bone vibrator. The fluid thresholds obtained were compared to the air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC; mastoid), and soft tissue conduction (STC; neck) thresholds in the same subjects. Results: Fluid stimulation thresholds were obtained at every frequency in each subject. The fluid and STC (neck) audiograms sloped down at higher frequencies, while the AC and BC audiograms were flat. It is likely that the fluid stimulation audiograms did not involve AC mechanisms or even, possibly, osseous BC mechanisms. Conclusions: The thresholds elicited in response to the fluid in the meatus likely reflect a form of STC and may result from excitation of the inner ear by the vibrations induced in the fluid. The sloping fluid audiograms may reflect transmission pathways that are less effective at higher frequencies.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.573-583
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of noise exposure and aging on changes in hearing threshold level and the relationship between age and noise. Materials: The author selected 274 male shipyard and assembly line workers as the noise exposed group and 582 males not exposed to noise as the general population group. Data were collected from five years of consecutive annual audiometric tests performed from 2008 to 2012. Results: In the general population and noise exposed groups, there was a reverse phenomenon that hearing threshold level for 2009 was lower than that of 2008, which seemed to be due to the learning effect, but from 2010 hearing threshold level increased. In the noise exposed group, the mean hearing threshold level in the left ear was significantly higher than that for right ear. In the general population group, the older was the age, the higher was the hearing threshold level, especially at 4000 Hz. In the general population and noise exposed groups, frequency, age group and noise exposure independently affected hearing threshold level, and there was no relationship between age and noise exposure. Over all frequencies, the change of hearing threshold level was larger in the noise exposed group than in the general population group. In the noise exposed group below thirty years old, the change at 4000 Hz was remarkable. Conclusions: Age and noise exposure seem to affect hearing threshold level independently and contribute to an additive effect on hearing threshold level.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1987년도 제21차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.10.2-10
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• 1987

최근 사회구조의 발달로 우리주변에는 뜻하지 않은 청력장애를 일으키는 경우가 많고 의료보험 실시와 더불어 생활수준의 향상으로 이비인후과 외래를 찾는 청력장애자들이 많아지고 있다. 또한 청력장애를 호소하여 청각검사를 의뢰하는 타과 입원환자도 점차적으로 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 1985년 1월 1일부터 1986년 12월 31일까지 만2 년간 연세대학교 원주의과대학부속 원주기독병원 이비인후과로 의뢰된 타과 입원환자 1063예중 청각검사를 시행한 182예를 대상으로 임상청각학적 고찰을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 의뢰한 과별로는 신경외과(50.5%)가 제일 많았고 다음 내과(23.6%)의 순이었다. 2) 원래질환과 청력장애사이에 연관관계가 있는 경우는 102예 (56.0%)이었으며 이중 외상이 87예(86.2%)로 제일 많았다. 3)외상의 경우 폭발사고가 35예 (40.2%)로 제일 많았고 다음 교통사고 28예(32.1%)의 순이었다. 이 중 계속적인 추적치료를 시행한 경우가 9예 (10.3%)에 불과하였다. 4) 외상의 경우 청력손실의 형태별로는 전음성이 41예 (47.1%), 감음신경성이 30예(34.4%), 혼합성이 7예 (8.2%) 였으며, 사병자(malingerer)가 9예 (10.3%) 였다. 결론적으로 강원도의 지역적 특성상 탄광폭발 사고로 인한 외상후 이차적으로 청력손실을 호소하는 환자가 많은 편으로 이에 대한 적극적인 진단 및 추적치료를 위하여 특히 신경외과와 상호협조 체제가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.467-476
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 DSP코어를 채용한 디지털 보청기 칩을 설계 제작하였다. 디지털 보청기 칩은 크기와 소비전력면에서 크게 제한을 받는다. 이와함께 다양한 형태와 범위의 청각 손실에 대해 보상을 할 수 있어야 하기 때문에 알고리즘 개발을 위해 구조적인 유연성을 필요로 한다는 점도 칩 설계에 있어 또다른 제약이 된다. 본 연구에서는 16비트 고정 소수점 연산을 하는 크로그래머블 DSP 코어를 사용하여 보청기 칩을 설계하였다. 제작된 보청기 칩은 난청자의 청각 측정치를 바탕으로 8개의 주파수 대역에 걸쳐 비선형적으로 라우드니스를 보상해 준다. 필터 뱅크를 사용하는 대신에 본 연구에서에서는 단일 필터를 주파수 샘플링 방법으로 설계함으로써 주파수 왜곡을 최소화 하였다. 또한 프로그램 가능한 DSP 코어를 사용하였기 때문에 알고리즘 개발을 위한 시스템으로도 활용이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 $5,500\times5000$$\mu$$m^2$의 크기와 저전력 동작특성을 갖고 있어서 소형 보청기 제작에 적합하다.

• 가정의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2018

Background: Compared with other chronic diseases, hearing loss is generally overlooked from the perspective of disease burden. However, hearing loss is emerging as an important issue in the current society. The objective of this study was to investigate disease burdens and marginal utilities associated with hearing loss and other chronic diseases. Methods: This study analyzed the cross-sectional data of 32,986 participants aged 19 years and older who completed the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2009 and 2013. Additionally, this study used the pure tone audiometric test, European Quality of Life-Five Dimensions Questionnaire, and chronic disease status. The data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression method. Results: The data of 23,297 people who underwent a pure tone audiogram and completed the European Quality of Life-Five Dimensions Questionnaire were used in this analysis. The marginal utility of hearing loss ranked fifth among nine chronic diseases. The estimated loss of quality-adjusted life years associated with hearing loss was -93.69 years per 100,000 people, which is similar to other chronic diseases. Conclusion: This study assessed the marginal utilities and public burdens of hearing loss and eight chronic diseases in a South Korean population. Although the values may vary depending on country and race, this study may provide an indispensable foundation for more detailed studies on hearing loss.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Top-down restoration of distorted speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of speech in noise, maybe a useful tool to understand robustness of perception in adverse listening situations. However, the relationship between phonemic restoration and speech perception in noise is not empirically clear. Subjects and Methods: 20 adults (40-55 years) with normal audiometric findings were part of the study. Sentence perception in noise performance was studied with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to estimate the SNR with 50% score. Performance was also measured for sentences interrupted with silence and for those interrupted by speech noise at -10, -5, 0, and 5 dB SNRs. The performance score in the noise interruption condition was subtracted by quiet interruption condition to determine the phonemic restoration magnitude. Results: Fairly robust improvements in speech intelligibility was found when the sentences were interrupted with speech noise instead of silence. Improvement with increasing noise levels was non-monotonic and reached a maximum at -10 dB SNR. Significant correlation between speech perception in noise performance and phonemic restoration of sentences interrupted with -10 dB SNR speech noise was found. Conclusions: It is possible that perception of speech in noise is associated with top-down processing of speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of interrupted speech. More research with a larger sample size is indicated since the restoration is affected by the type of speech material and noise used, age, working memory, and linguistic proficiency, and has a large individual variability.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Top-down restoration of distorted speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of speech in noise, maybe a useful tool to understand robustness of perception in adverse listening situations. However, the relationship between phonemic restoration and speech perception in noise is not empirically clear. Subjects and Methods: 20 adults (40-55 years) with normal audiometric findings were part of the study. Sentence perception in noise performance was studied with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to estimate the SNR with 50% score. Performance was also measured for sentences interrupted with silence and for those interrupted by speech noise at -10, -5, 0, and 5 dB SNRs. The performance score in the noise interruption condition was subtracted by quiet interruption condition to determine the phonemic restoration magnitude. Results: Fairly robust improvements in speech intelligibility was found when the sentences were interrupted with speech noise instead of silence. Improvement with increasing noise levels was non-monotonic and reached a maximum at -10 dB SNR. Significant correlation between speech perception in noise performance and phonemic restoration of sentences interrupted with -10 dB SNR speech noise was found. Conclusions: It is possible that perception of speech in noise is associated with top-down processing of speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of interrupted speech. More research with a larger sample size is indicated since the restoration is affected by the type of speech material and noise used, age, working memory, and linguistic proficiency, and has a large individual variability.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2022

Objectives : This study reports a 61-year-old man with sudden hearing loss and tinnitus whose symptoms improved remarkably after treatment with Korean medicine. Methods : The patient was treated with herbal medicine(gamisoyo-san, samul-tang gagambang, gongjindan, and yukmijihwang-hwan), acupuncture and moxibustion. Puretone audiometry(PTA), speech audiometry(SA), Korean tinnitus handicap inventory(K-THI), patient self-report, numeric rating scale(NRS) 11, and review of system(ROS) were performed. Results : After a month of treatment, PTA was improved from profound to mild and audiometric findings were improved in speech reception threshold and word recognition score. After 2 months of treatment, K-THI decreased from 92 to 28 and NRS 11 score decreased more than 6 in every item. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that Korean medicine could be effective sudden hearing loss and tinnitus.