• Title/Summary/Keyword: attention-deficit disorder

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Systematic Review of Suicidal Behaviors Related to Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine in Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Jae Heon Kim;Suyeon Park;Yeon Jung Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between suicidal behavior and the use of methylphenidate (MPH) or atomoxetine (ATX) in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used to conduct a meta-analysis. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to score the quality of the studies. Results: Nine studies were included in this quantitative analysis. The analysis included 602864 patients with ADHD (521125 and 81739 patients were taking methylphenidate [MPH group] and atomoxetine [ATX group], respectively) and 19230 healthy controls. The overall estimates were in the order of the control, MPH, and ATX groups; however, no statistically significant between-group difference was observed in the incidence of events (p=0.553 for control vs. MPH; p=1.000 for control vs. ATX; p=1.000 for MPH vs. ATX). Conclusion: The rate of suicidal behavior was higher in the ADHD groups treated with MPH and ATX than in the control group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the ADHD groups treated with MPH and ATX, and the control group. Therefore, MPH and ATX did not increase suicidal behavior.

The Intervention and Outcome Measurement Tools of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review (주의력결핍과잉행동장애 아동의 중재방법과 측정도구에 관한 체계적 고찰 : 국제 기능.장애.건강 분류 모델의 분류기준에 근거하여)

  • Lee, Na-Hae;Kim, Kyeong-Mi
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 2014
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to provide for the intervention and outcome measurement tools of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through ICF model. Methods : The systematic review methods were used. Papers published in the journal between January, 2000 and July, 2014 were searched through MEDLINE/PubMed, Sciencedirect, Ovid. The main terms searched were 'ADHD, Children, intervention, outcome measure', and 8 papers were analyzed. Results : 1. The subjects of ADHD were pure ADHD (75.8%), ADHD with dyslexia (9.1%), ADHD with conduct disorder (5.8%), ADHD with tic disorder (3.8%), ADHD with DCD (3.0%), ADHD with emotional disorder (2.5%). 2. The nonpharmacologic intervention of ADHD were functioning and disability (80%) and contextual factors (20%). Most frequently used intervention were body function and structure (60%). 3. The outcome measurement tools of ADHD were functioning and disability (80.5%) and contextual factors (19.5%). Most frequently used outcome measurement tools were body function and structure (70.8%). Conclusion : This study can provide information on the intervention and outcome measurement tools of ADHD.

Usefulness of Clinical T-Score of Continuous Performance Test for Differential Diagnosis : among Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, and Tic Disorder (연속수행검사에서 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 감별 진단 시 임상 T-점수의 유용성 - 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애, 우울장애, 불안장애, 틱장애를 중심으로 -)

  • Yoon, Soo-Youn;Koo, Hoon-Jung;Kim, Boong-Nyun;Cho, Soo-Churl;Shin, Min-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.112-119
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : This study was conducted to examine whether there are qualitative differences in attention problem among children with various psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder using clinical ADHD diagnostic system (ADS) T-scores. Methods : The subjects were 794 outpatient children aged from 5 to 15 years, including 540 children with ADHD, 95 children with depressive disorder, 86 children with anxiety disorder, and 73 children with tic disorder. Clinical T-scores on the ADS were calculated using the mean and standard deviations of four ADS variables for the ADHD group. Results : All four groups had T-scores on the ADS in the abnormal range. However, when comparing the clinical T-scores, the children with depressive and anxiety disorders performed better than the children with ADHD. We also found that although the four groups seemed to be similar in terms of clinical T-scores for omission and commission errors, there were significant differences in clinical T-scores for reaction time and the standard deviation of response time (RT) between the ADHD and other groups. Conclusions : We concluded that inattention and impulsivity might not be specific only to ADHD and that the clinical T-scores of RT and standard deviation of RT on the ADS could be used to discriminate between ADHD and other clinical groups.

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Discriminant Validity of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 in Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (자폐스펙트럼장애 진단에서 Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 유아 행동평가척도 부모용의 변별력)

  • Lee, Sun Hee;Ha, Eun Hye;Song, Dong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and clinical cutoff score of the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5) for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: 44 ASD infants and 100 normal infants participated. T-test, discriminant analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and odds ratio analysis were performed on the data. Results: Discriminant validity was confirmed by mean differences and discriminant analysis on the subscales of Withdrawn, Attention problems, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, and all Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-oriented scales between the two groups. ROC curve analysis showed that Withdrawn, Attention problems, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, DSM pervasive developmental problems, DSM attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, and DSM oppositional defiant problems significantly predicted ASD infants compared to normal infants. In addition, the clinical cutoff score criteria adopted in the Korean CBCL 1.5-5 for subscales of Withdrawn, Attention problems, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, DSM pervasive developmental problems, DSM attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, and DSM oppositional defiant problems were shown to be valid. Conclusion: The subscales of Withdrawn, Attention problems, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, DSM pervasive developmental problems, DSM attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, and DSM oppositional defiant problems significantly discriminated for the diagnosis of ASD.

The Effect of Social Skills Training for Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Asperger's Disorder : Preliminary Study (주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동과 아스퍼거장애 아동에서 사회기술훈련의 효과 비교)

  • Hwang, Ji-Hee;Kwack, Young-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger's disorder (AD) in children are associated with attentional problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulties with social interactions. Pharmacological treatment may alleviate symptoms of ADHD, but seldom solves difficulties with social interactions. Social skills training (SST) may assist in improving their social interactions. We examined the effects of SST on children's social competences, general behavior, and ADHD symptoms. Methods : Thirty four children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated in the cognitive behavioral SST program once a week at the outpatient division of child-adolescent psychiatry. SST was composed of 24 sessions (ninety minutes) for 6 months. Twenty-five children were diagnosed with ADHD, and 9 children were diagnosed with AD. Parents of the children rated Korea-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Conner's rating scales, Korean-ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Social Skill Rating System (SSRS), and Matson's Social Skill Rating Scale as an evaluation of the treatment effect, before the first session and after the final session of the training. Results : The ADHD group showed significantly increased scores of social and social competence of CBCL and SSRS. Further, scores of externalizing problems of CBCL, CRS, and ARS were significantly decreased. The Asperger's group showed significantly increased scores of social competence of CBCL, SSRS, and MESS. There was a significant difference of the improvement in CBCL's school and total behavior problem score, CRS between drug change group and no drug change group. Conclusion : The result of this study suggests that SST is effective in improving social skills for children with ADHD and AD. In addition, SST has shown its effectiveness in treating attentional problems for children with ADHD. To prove objective usefulness of SST, further studies with a more structured design and long-term duration along with a sufficient number of AD participants will be necessary.

A STUDY ON THE EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS BETWEEN THE PATIENTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND NORMAL CHILDREN (주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동과 정상아동간의 사건관련전위 소견의 비교 연구)

  • Cho, Soo-Churl;Shin, Sung-Woong
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.179-189
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    • 1996
  • Objective : This study was conducted to find out the electrophysiological abnormalities of the patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(abbr. ADHD) through identifying the profiles of the event-related potentials. Methods : Through measuring event-related potentials of 20 patients with ADHD and 16 normal control children using Oddball paradigm, we evaluated the latencies and amplitudes of each wave form. Results : In the group older than 9 years old, the latencies that reflect selective attention and discriminative capacity of the patients with ADHD were significantly longer than those of normal controls, which suggests that patients with ADHD be more distractible to non-significant stimuli and that they be in lark of sustained attention and discriminative ability. Conclusions : We concluded that the patients with ADHD are more distractible to trivial stimuli than normal children but they lack discriminative, sustained ability of attention.

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Analysis of the Wounding-Healing Themes in Sandplay Therapy Process for Children with Emotional Instability and Attention Deficit Children (정서불안 아동과 주의력 결핍 아동의 모래놀이치료 과정에서 표현된 상처와 치유 주제에 대한 분석)

  • Kim, Sun Suk;Kim, Ki Hyun
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.54 no.6
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    • pp.631-642
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    • 2016
  • This study analyzed of the themes (wounding and healing); concerning the Sandplay therapy process applied to children with emotional instability and attention deficit problems. The subjects of the study were 30 elementary school children who agreed to a personal-interview with the author. They all were families of receiving basic livelihood welfare living in the same county. After the preliminary analysis, the main study data collected from subjects was analyzed by variance (t-test), frequency analysis, and correlation analysis using the standard table modified in accordance with Mitchell's classification system. Particular attention was made in the analyses of the characteristics of the subjects as members of low-income families. As the Sandplay therapy proceeded, it became evident that the wounding area showed a low frequency while the healing area featured a high frequency, and confirmed (as in previous studies) that the Sandplay therapy would be effective for children with emotional instability as well as for those with attention deficit problems. The analysis of difference between the types of children with both problems revealed that Sandplay therapy was more effective for children with emotional instability than for those with attention deficit problems. The analysis also revealed that Sandplay therapy was more effective for girls than for boys.

Augmentative Effects of Working Memory Training on Behavioral Problems and Parental Stress in Medicated Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (약물치료 중인 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동 청소년에서 작업기억훈련이 행동문제와 부모 스트레스에 미치는 부가적 효과)

  • Lee, Eun Kyung;Kim, Hye Sun;Yoo, Hanik K.
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: Executive dysfunctions including working memory deficit have been suggested to be one of the major neuropsychological etiologies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the augmentative effects of working memory training on the behavioral problems, quality of life, and parental stress of medicated children with ADHD. Methods: Twenty-five children with ADHD, aged 9 to 19 years, who were being treated with ADHD medication, were included. The participants were trained with a commercially available and computerized working memory program ($Cogmed^{(R)}$) for 5 weeks without any alteration of their medication. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), KIDSCREEN-52 quality of life measure, and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) were administered before training, and 4 weeks and 7 months after training, respectively. Results: After completing the training, the anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and externalizing problems scores in the CBCL were significantly reduced. The score on the Parent-child dysfunctional interaction in the PSI-SF was also decreased. However, the scores related to the quality of life were not changed. These changes were still observed 7 months after the training. Conclusion: Cogmed working memory training can be a promising training option for the additional improvement of behavioral problems and parental stress in medicated children with ADHD.

Association of the Symptoms of Parental Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Parental Personality Patterns with the Symptoms of Boys with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 남아의 증상과 부모의 주의력결핍 과잉행동 증상 및 인격 양상과의 관련성)

  • Shin, Woo-Seung;Choi, Hye-Ra;Kim, Kun-Woo;Lee, Joong-Sun;Park, Su-Bin;Hong, Jin-Pyo;Yoo, Han-Ik
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2009
  • Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the association between the symptoms of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms, temperament and character patterns of their parents. Methods : Forty-five boys with ADHD and who met the DSM-IV criteria were evaluated by using the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS), and their parents completed the Korean Adult ADHD scale (K-AADHDS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : The parental K-AADHDS scores were not associated with the ADHD-RS total score and the subscale scores of their siblings. The most potent variable related to the ADHD-RS total score was the maternal self-directedness, and the second was the maternal persistence. The maternal self-directedness was the variable that was most correlated with the hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores of the ADHD-RS. Conclusion : The results suggest that the paternal ADHD symptoms may not be related to the ADHD symptoms of boys with ADHD. Higher maternal self-directedness and persistence may decrease overall the ADHD symptoms of these boys, and higher maternal self-directedness itself may predict lower hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of the boys with ADHD.

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The Effect of Interactive Metronome Training on Increasing Attention and Impulsivity Control for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (상호작용식 메트로놈(Interactive Metronome; IM) 훈련이 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD) 아동의 집중력 향상과 충동성 조절에 미치는 효과 : 개별 실험 연구)

  • Kang, Jae-Won
    • Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2017
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an Interactive Metronome on increasing attention and impulsivity control for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods : This study was conducted through the ABA'design among single-case research methods with one child with ADHD. From May to July, 2014, 3 sessions of baseline phase(A), 15 sessions of intervention phase(B), and 3 sessions of post baseline(A') were conducted. The intervention was IM training, and each session carried out short form assessment(SFA) of IM and concentration tasks. In addition, long form assessment(LFA) of IM and Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS) were conducted at baseline, intervention and post baseline. Results : After IM training as the intervention, the participation showed an increase in attention and controled in impulsivity. After the intervention, it was demonstrated that the effects were maintained or improved in the post baseline. Conclusions : IM training can be useful for increasing attention and impulsivity control of children with ADHD. The results demonstrated the efficacy of IM training as a new approach for children with ADHD.