• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.395-401
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• 2023

Innate immunity is a first line defence system in the body which is for sensing signals of danger such as pathogenic microbes or host-derived signals of cellular stress. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR's), which present in the cell memebrane, are suspect the infection through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), and activate innate immunity with response to promote inflammation via inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and cytokines. Inflammasome are protein complexes which are part of innate immunity in inflammation to remove pathogens and repair damaged tissues. What is the important role of inflammation in disease? In this review, we are focused on the action mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and sepsis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.51-85
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the awareness improvement of atopic dermatitis(AD) for AD children's parents and to evaluate the mental health condition of AD children and QoL of their parents. Methods : We conducted elementary school visit education(the first education) and recruited children and parents who wanted to participate the hospital visit education(the Second education). In the first education, we lectured about AD, performed survey about QoL and awareness about AD and obtained 48 valid results. In the second education, we performed an education for AD again, skin condition evaluation, mental health analysis survey and obtained 29 valid results. We compared the AD and non-AD groups of each education in the first and second education. We assessed atopic awareness, FDLQI, DFI, CDI, BAI, and KISE scores by gender, age, duration of disease, onset, and severity of AD. Results : Despite children with AD, the survey showed their parents lacked knowledge about AD. However, they acquired the necessary knowledge in AD education. There was a significant difference in the total score of Atopic awareness between the AD group in the first education and the AD group in the second education. (p=0.042) In addition, the CDI and BAI scores of all patients were divided by the duration of disease, and it was estimated that depression and anxiety disorders may be aggravated by longer term illness. Conclusions and Discussions : This study confirmed duration of AD affects AD children's mental health, and verified positive changes in atopic awareness after AD education.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between changes in disease severity and serum total IgE or eosinophil count in individual patients of atopic dermatitis depending on the change of severity. Methods : We performed a retrospective chart review of 8 cases of atopic dermatitis who underwent blood tests more than five times. Disease severity was assessed by objective SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index (OSI). Blood tests include serum total IgE, eosinophil counts, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr). In each subject, on the day that the blood test was performed, OSI was also assesed by a same physician. Correlation between OSI and total IgE or eosinophil count was analysed by nonparametric correlation analysis. Results : There was a statistically significant positive correlation between OSI and total IgE in three cases and a positive correlation between OSI and eosinophil count in two cases. In other three cases, there were no significant correlation. There were no cases that OSI correlated with total IgE and eosinophil count at the same time. In all cases, AST, ALT, BUN and SCr were stable. Conclusions : We suggest that total IgE and eosinophil count may reflect the severity of atopic dermatitis differently in individual patients. We also suggest that total IgE and eosinophil counts may be used as biomarkers to predict the severity of atopic dermatitis in some patients depending on the underlying pathology.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.151-160
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• 2007

Objective : This study was performed to examine the patterns of skin disease in patients that had visited Dept. of Dermatology Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University. We also compared on disease, age and treatment. Methods : We analysed statistic study in 505 patients, who had visited to our hospital from July, 2005 to February, 2007. Results : The results were as follows; 1. Distribution of dermatology classification was 40.6%, males were 41 % and females were 59%. 2. Distribution of aging was 18.2% in 0-9 years old and 18.8% in 10-19 years old and 17.4% in 20-29 years old. 3. Common disease group were Atopic dermatitis (24.55%); Acne (10.89%); Eczema (10.89%); Urticaria (10.30%). 4. Distribution of treatment according to diagnosis were external preparation in atopic dermatitis, acne, eczema, dermatitis seborrheica ; herbal-medication in urticaria ; herbal-medication and external preparation in facial redness. 5. Distribution of treatment according to aging were external preparation in all group except 50-59 years old; acupuncture treatment in 20-29 years old; herbal-medication in 10-19 years old; consultation in 70-79 years old. Conclusion : This study suggests that oriental medical treatments is popular in dermatologic diseases, especially atopic dermatitis and acne. We have to take steps for effective management and treatment for special diseases and ages.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 2005

Objective : The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect of Naesowhajungtang Gamibang on atopic dermatitis. Method : A total of 30 patients with atopic dermatitis were evaluated for the symptoms and signs according to SCORAD index and measured for peripheral eosinophil counts and serum total IgE before and after treatment. Results : 1. Among 30 patients diagnosed as Atopic Dermatitis, 11, were male(37%) and 19 were female(63%). the ratio of male and female patients were 1:1.7. 2. Among 30 patients diagnosed as Atopic Dermatitis, 25 Have family history of allergic disease(83%) and 20 have past history of allergic discase. 3. There was statistically significant relationship between serum total IgE and SCORAD score(p=0.019). 4. There was statistically significant relationship between peripheral eosinophil count and SCORAD score(p=0.001). 5. We could find no statistically significant change of serum total IgE and peripheral eosinphil count before and after treatment. 6. There was statistically significant change of SCORAD score and subjective symptom before and after treatment.(p<0.05). Conclusion : Naesowhajungtanggamibang is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. And peripheral eosinophil counts and serum total IgE were good serum maker reflection the severity of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

Objective : Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent disease. Taeyeol-go(TYG) is a herbal ointment which was expected to useful for treatment of atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TYG on atopic dermatitis. Methods : Patients with atopic dermatitis applied TYG twice daily for 1 week. Clinical extent, intensity and subjective symptom were assessed by scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index before and after treatment. Results : 10 patients(4 male, 6 female), 3 to 37 years of age(mean 14.6${\pm}$9.52 years old), 2 to 31 years of onset(mean 11.4${\pm}$8.54 years), finished study. After treatment extent(p<0.01), intensity(p<0.005), subjective symptom(p<0.002) and total SCORAD index(p<0.002) was significantly decreased than before treatment. Conclusion : These results suggest that TYG is an effective therapeutic method for atopic dermatitis. Further studies in the form of randomized controled trail are needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.151-164
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• 2006

Objective : The objective of this study is to analyze an increasing rate, difference of attack rate in age, relationship between atopic dermatitis and breast-feeding, the relationship between atopic dermatitis and the Sasang constitution, and various treatments of atopic dermatitis. Methods : This clinical study was carried out with 22 theses which are related with diagnosis, treatments, prognosis and control of atopic dermatitis. The 22 theses are carried on J Korean Oriental Pediatrics, J Korean Oriental Ophthalmology, J Korean Oriental Med, J Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease, J Korean Acad Fam Med and Korean J Food & Nutr. Results : The prevalence rate, attack rate and diagnosis rate of atopic dermatitis are increased in the year of 2000, compared with those of 1995. Comparing age of patient between the year of 1992 and 2002, the attack rate of atopic dermatitis is increased quickly over 7 years old. Specific immunoglobulin E(IgE) antibodies detected in patients under 1 year old was exclusively caused by food. But for the age over 7 years old, food and inhalant allergen are detected in the year of 2002 in compare with that of 1992. Because of breast-feeding, intemperate diet adjustment during the period of maternity of family history of atopic dermatitis, the attack rate of atopic dermatitis is increased in infant. The types of patients are categorized according to Sasang constitution and Soeumin group was largest. The Oriental medicine treatments of atopic dermatitis are bath & skin hydration, avoidance from antigen, dietetic treatment, external treatment, medication and phototherapy. Conclusion : The atopic dermatitis is associated with breast-feeding, Sasang constitution types. More active approach for the treatment and prevention of Atopic dermatitis in children are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.140-150
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• 2002

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is chronic eczematous dermatosis which is related strongly to a family history of atopic disease and hereditary disposition. Its threshold of itching is low so that severe itching occurs and causes secondary eczema. Adult atopic dermatitis has mostly severe symptoms and progresses to chronic relapsing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of oriental medical treatment and management on chronic adult atopic dermatitis. Subject: We studied 3 patients who visited Dongguk University Gangnam Oriental Hospital Dept. of Dermatol. with chronic adult atopic dermatitis from August 2001 to April 2002 and were observed for over 4 months. Methods: We treated them with herb-medication, acupuncture, negative therapy, aroma therapy, full spectrum visible ray therapy(by carbon arc) and external application(Jaun-go). We used the SCORAD index to assess the severity of atopic dermatitis. Results: There were 3 patients with chronic adult atopic dermatitis we could check for over 4 months by clinical scoring using the SCORAD system. 1. The grades of the severity of atopic dermatitis were lower only by the oriental medical treatments and management. 2. Intensities of relapse cases were lower then before the oriental medical treatments. 3. The secondary treatment term for relapse cases was shorter then the first treatment term after oriental remedies were used. Conclusion: Considering the above results, more study is needed on the chronic relapse cases with adult atopic dermatitis, the factors of increasing seventy of adult atopic dermatitis, the prognostic factors of adult atopic dermatitis, and the clinical interchange of chronic adult atopic dermatitis between oriental medicine and western medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.43-54
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• 2005

Backgrounds : Many people think that ski disease has littel influence on the quality of life in patient, but various studios show that skin disease may produce a range of impacts on QOL. Nevertheless, there is much to be learned about the association between the duality of life and skin disease in the area of Oriental dermatology. Objectives : This study was conducted fe investigate the impact of the various skin diseases on QOL and explore prognostic factors that influence outcomes. Methods : 103 patients were recruited who filled out more than $90\%$ of the skindex-29 questionnaire. The function of sum scores and three domain scores with each skin disease were investigated, as well as the correlation of each domain scores. Results : The disease with the lowest qualify of life was atopic dermatitis. followed by eczematous dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and acne vulgaris in order. The sum scales showed significant correlation with three domain scores in atopic dermatitis, urticaria, allergodermia, acne vulgaris, psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis, The correlation of all three domain scores was significant in atopic dermatitis, urticaria, allergodermia, and psoriasis. Conclusions : Tn this study, skin disease affects the quality of life in physical, social, and psychological factors- Thus, we must consider the quality of life as well as clinical severity inpatients with skin disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.296-303
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• 2006

Introduction : Atopic dermatitis(AD) is chronic eczematous dermatitis which is related strongly to a family history of atopic disease and hereditary disposition. Adolescence and adult atopic dermatitis (AAD) patients have been overlooked because they were relatively small population and AAD were considered merely consecutive of infant and childhood AD. Objective : The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of oriental medical treatment and management on chromic AAD with nummular eczema and breast eczema. Methods : We tented this case with herb-medication, herb-irrigation, acupuncture, negative therapy, full spectrum visible lay therapy (by carbon arc) and external application (SA1, Siwon Ilhwang-Go). We observed for 7 months. Results : The grades of the severity of AD with nummular eczema, breast eczema were lower only by the oriental medical treatments and managements. Conclusion : Considering the above results, more study is needed on the case with AAD with diffuse nummular eczema, effectiveness of external application and correlation between immunological and results of oriental media treatments.