• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.776-782
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• 2010

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased over the past decades. A variety of factors are related to the development of atopic dermatitis, including genetics and environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with severity of atopic dermatitis in 104 children aged 6-60 months. To investigate the association between severity and other factors children were divided into two groups, mild (n = 62) and severe (n = 42) groups, based on SCORAD index which measures the severity of atopic dermatitis. Results showed that family history, family's smoking, period of having AD and the levels of the serum total IgE were significantly higher in severe group. More than 6 months of breastfeeding and weaning after 6 month were not associated with severity of AD, but the number of food eliminated was associated with severity. Only vitamin C intake was significantly different by severity after adjusting for energy intake, family history, family’s smoking and period of having AD (p = 0.033). There was no association between the severity of atopic dermatitis and growth of children. This study concluded that the severity of atopic dermatitis was associated with family history, family’s smoking, period of having AD, children's serum total IgE, and vitamin C intakes. The result of this study should provide the significant information for better management of AD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.213-229
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• 2007

Objective : This study investigated results of treatment of Atopic Dermatitis(AD) patients diagnosed as damp-heat type with herbal medicine and wet dreesing. Method : Six AD subjects diagnosed as damp-heat type were selected from the outpatient department of East-West Neo Medical Center in the period of Dec. 2006 to Feb. 2007. Each subject was treated with herbal medicine and wet dressing. Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD) was used to evaluate the effect of treatment and pictures were taken of the Atopic dermatitis lesions. Result & Conclusion : We observed improvement on SCORAD score, especially intensity score of damp-heat type when they were treated with herbal medicine and wet dressing. However, it is less effective and AD often recurs in case of chronic adult-type AD. In addition, nipple eczema in some patients has showed a tendency to improve slowly and recur easily compared to other lesions.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.169-184
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• 2007

Objetives The late research tendency on atopic dermatitis is mainly focused on the experiment of unbalance of cytokine released from T cell subtype. Merhods As there's no experiment with herbal medicine using Hanghaedan(HHD), we isolated and cultured monocytes of atopic dermatitis pateints (AD) peripheral blood, for knowing the influence of HHD on the secretory function of IL-4, IL-5, $IFN-{\gamma}$. Results 1. In AD group, HHD exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on IL-4(p<0.05). 2. In AD group, HHD exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on IL-5(p<0.05). 3. In AD group, HHD exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on $IFN-{\gamma}$ (p<0.01). 4. Sample group comparing with the cytokine concentration rate value of AD patients and that of NAD patients IL-4 of AD patients exhibits statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). 5. In AD group, there is no significant relation between serum IgE and cytokines. 6. In AD group, there is no significant relation between total eosinophil and IL-5. Conclusions Effects of Hanghaedan on the cytokine(IL-4, IL-5, $IFN-{\gamma}$) secretory function of monocytes of atopic dermatitis patients is recognized.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.153-166
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• 2004

In addition to antiseptic／antibiotic regimens, current therapies such as topical and systemic corticosteroids, anti-histamine agents, immune suppressing agent are generally used in the western medicine to treat atopic dermatitis(AD). However, there is almost a complete lack of effective strategies to achieve long-term control of disease, oriental medical treatments are proposed an alternative measure. It has been proved by experimental and clinical study that Oriental medical atopic dermatitis(AD) treatments such as herb-medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, and steam therapy are effective in long-term treatment. Nevertheless, oriental medical therapy has some limitations to treat acute stage of the disease. Recently developed No-Hoe(蘆？: Aloe vera L.) extract dressings will be a supplementary methods to the oriental medical therapy. The dressing can subside pruritus, exudation, erythema and scaling in the acute stage of atopic dermatitis(AD). We applied the No-Hoe(蘆？: Aloe vera L.) extract dressings to eight atopic dermatitis patients and got some good effects. This reports will provide an alternative choice for the oriental and westernal medical therapy for long-term AD treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.296-303
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• 2006

Introduction : Atopic dermatitis(AD) is chronic eczematous dermatitis which is related strongly to a family history of atopic disease and hereditary disposition. Adolescence and adult atopic dermatitis (AAD) patients have been overlooked because they were relatively small population and AAD were considered merely consecutive of infant and childhood AD. Objective : The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of oriental medical treatment and management on chromic AAD with nummular eczema and breast eczema. Methods : We tented this case with herb-medication, herb-irrigation, acupuncture, negative therapy, full spectrum visible lay therapy (by carbon arc) and external application (SA1, Siwon Ilhwang-Go). We observed for 7 months. Results : The grades of the severity of AD with nummular eczema, breast eczema were lower only by the oriental medical treatments and managements. Conclusion : Considering the above results, more study is needed on the case with AAD with diffuse nummular eczema, effectiveness of external application and correlation between immunological and results of oriental media treatments.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.179-191
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a recurrent or chronic eczematous skin disease with severe pruritus,and has increased in Korea. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis are yet unknown, recently skin barrier dysfunction and hyperresponsive Th2 cells in the acute phase have been reported as important mechanisms. Cheonggi-san(CGS) is used in oriental clinics for treatingacute skin lesions of eczema or urticaria. There have been no studies on the therapeutic mechanism of CGS for curing atopic dermatitis. We aimed to find out the therapeutic effects of its internaluse on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, induced in NC/Nga mice by the mite antigen D. pteronyssinus and disrupting skin barrier. Materials and Methods : The NC/Nga mice were classified into three groups: control group, atopic dermatitis elicitated group(AD), and CGS treated group (CT). Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were induced on the back of female NC/Nga mice, 12 weeks of age, by tape stripping, 5% SDS applied to disrupt skin barrier and painting 3 times a week with D. pteronyssinus crude extract solution for 3 weeks. CT was treated with CGS orally after atopic dermatitis was elicitated. We observed changes of skin damage, mast cells, substance P, angiogenesis, skin barrier, Th2 cell differentiation, nuclear factor-${\kappa}B(NF-{\kappa}B)$ p65 activation and COX-2 in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Results : The skin damages as eczema were seenin AD, but mitigated in CT. The degranulated mast cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The substance P positive reacted cells in CT remarkably decreased. The angiogenesis increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The decrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in AD was seen, but anincrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in CT was seen. The distribution of IL-4 positive reacted cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The distribution of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 positive reacted cells & COX-2 positive reacted cells in CT decreased. Conclusion : The results may suggest that the CGS per os decreases the dysfunction of the skin barrier, inhibits Th2 cell differentiation and inhibits NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 activation in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, relapsing, chronic skin disease and lesions in AD are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Activation of T cells and IgE production by staphylococcal enterotoxins B (SEB) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a nonpathogenic bacterium and produces the probiotic products that have been shown to have inhibitory effects on inflammatory responses. In present study, we carried out to assess the anti-inflammatory role of lyzed E. faecalis against the damaging effects of SEB on AD related immune responses. Furthermore, we attempted to determine whether the co-cultured lyzed E. faecalis can influence the colonization of S. aureus. As a result, we identified the effect of E. faecalis lysate as a potent therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis (AD). E. faecalis lysate reduces the productions of total IgE and cytokines of AD-related immune cells in response to SEB stimulation. The proliferation of S. aureus was also inhibited by E. faecalis lysate. In conclusions, E. faecalis lysate may improve the skin-defense system disturbed by atopic condition, and may prevent subsequent secondary infection of S. aureus and development of AD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.150-165
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• 2008

Objective : An adequate measurement for Atopic Dermatitis(AD) is essential for studies about the treatment of AD. To establish a new and adequate scoring system for AD in Korean medicine, we reviewed existing studies on AD outcome measurement in Korean medicine. Method : We searched for reviews on measurements of AD or studies which used an AD outcome measurement at the Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal from 1995 to June, 2008. And then we reviewed the pattern identification in AD patients and the outcome measurements for AD in each study. Results : 1. Among 25 studies, the most common measurement for AD was SCORAD(the severity SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index), there were 16 studies. There was one study which used the Jakob T scoring system, one study which used ADSI(the Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index), and there were 7 studies which established or used a new severity scoring system for AD. 2. In Korean medicine, AD caused by Damp-Heat is accompanied by erythema, papulation, oozing and crust, Damp-Heat accompanied by Spleen-Gi deficiency is frequently found in pediatric patients, and in adults who have indigestion. Symptoms of AD caused by blood deficiency and Wind-Dryness include lichenification, dryness, scale and pigmentation. AD caused by toxic Heat in the blood system has symptoms similar to some Damp-Heat pattern along with symptoms of blood deficiency and Wind-Dryness. Conclusion : We need to establish a new severity scoring system which reflects pattern identifications and treatments with Korean medicine, and we should assess the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the new scoring system.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2018

Generally, berry fruits have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer effects. The effects of gooseberry, a berry fruits, on atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been widely examined. The aim of this present study is to investigate whether gooseberry modulates AD. We examined the pharmacological effects of gooseberry on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD symptoms in mice. To determine the anti-atopic mechanism of gooseberry, we investigated its effects on the production of inflammatory cytokines and activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ in PMA + ionophore -stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). The results demonstrated that gooseberry attenuated AD clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema and dryness as well as histamine and IgE serum levels in DNCB-induced AD model mice. Additionally, gooseberry suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ in stimulated HMC-1. These findings demonstrate that gooseberry is potential agent for treating AD and allergic inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.556-561
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• 2023

Oldenlandia diffusa (OD), a member of the Rubiaceae family, has been used for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the anti-atopic effects of OD are not completely understood yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to elucidate beneficial effects of OD on atopic dermatitis (AD) in vivo. We examined the pharmacological effects of OD on compound 48/80- or histamine-induced scratching behaviors and 2, 4-dinitrochlrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in mice. Additionally, we evaluated regulatory effects of OD on the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions. Results showed that OD inhibited the scratching behavior and AD symptoms. It also decreased serum levels of IgE and histamine in mice. Moreover, OD significantly ameliorated the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in AD-like skin lesion. These finding suggest experimental evidence of that OD's potential for treating AD.