• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.419-426
• /
• 2002

The concentrations of three different fractions of particulate matters including PM2.5, PM10, and TSP were compared between the Asian Dust (AD) and non-AD (NAD) periods during the spring season of 2001. For the purpose of this comparative analysis, the data sets were obtained from four different observatory sites located within the city boundary of Seoul that concurrently measure those three fractions of PM at hourly intervals. According to our study, several conclusions can be drawn to describe relationships between the AD event and PM distribution characteristics. First of all, it is apparent that the concentrations of PM are distinctively distinguished between AD and NAD. If the extent of contribution to the AD events are assessed on the quantitative basis, it appears that their magnitude increases on the order of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP. As a result, the increase of PM observed during AD event is dominated by the coarse rather than fine fraction of PM. Moreover, when their relationships were assessed in terms of fractional ratios, it was found that TSP/PM10 ratios were almost constant, regardless of the occurrences of AD. On the other hand, the coarse/fine or TSP/PM2.5 ratios changed dramatically between AD and NAD periods. The results of our analysis cleary distinguishes quantitative role of each PM fraction between AD and NAD period, while suggesting indirectly the possible control of source processes on such relationships.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2012

A large fraction of urban $PM_{10}$ concentrations is due to non-exhaust traffic emissions including road dust, tire wear particles, and brake lining particles. Although potential health and environmental impacts associated with tire wear debris have increased, few environmentally and biologically relevant studies of actual tire wear debris have been conducted. Tire wear particles (TWP) are released from the tire tread as a result of the interaction between the tire and the pavement. Roadway particles (RP), meanwhile, are particles on roads composed of a mixture of elements from tires, pavements, fuels, brakes, and environmental dust. The main objective of present study is to identify the contribution of tires to the generation of RP and to assess the potential environmental and health impacts of this contribution. First, a mobile measurement system was constructed and used to measure the RP on asphalt roads according to vehicle speed. The equipment of the mobile system provides $PM_{10}$ concentrations by Dusttrak DRX and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and an aerosol particle sizer (APS). When traveling on an asphalt road at constant speed, there is a clear tendency for $PM_{10}$ concentration to increase slightly in accordance with an increase in the vehicle speed. It was also found that considerable brake wear particles and particles from tire/road interface were generated by rapid deceleration of the vehicle. As a result, the $PM_{10}$ concentration and particle number of ultra-fine particles were measured to be very high.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.05b
• /
• pp.423-423
• /
• 2003

The radiative properties of atmospheric aerosol are determined by the mass and chemical characteristics, and optical properties such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), ngstr m parameter ( $\alpha$) and single scattering albedo (SSA). In particular these aerosol optical properties also determine surface temperature perturbation that may give some information in understanding the regional atmospheric radiative forcing. For understanding the radiative forcing and regional surce of aerosol, this paper summarizes and compares the aerosol optical properties results from and compares the atmospheric aerosol optical properties results from two different experiments: Anmyeon 2000 and Jeju 2001. Korea Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory (KGAWO) at Anmyeon island and ACE-Asia super-site at Gosan Jeju island have measured the radiations and aerosols since the year of 2000. The sites are located in the mid-west and south of Korea peninsula where it is strongly affected by the Asian dust coming from China region in every spring. Aerosol optical properties over both sites were measured through the ground-based sun and sky radiometers were analyzed for understanding the radiation and climate properties. Number concentration and chemical components of aerosol were additionally analyzed for the source estimation in the transportation. The frequency distributions of aerosol optical depth are rather narrow with a modal vaiue of 0.38 at both sites. However, the distributions of show one peak (1.13) at Jeju but two peaks (0.63 and 1.13) at Anmyeon. In the cases of Anmyeon, one peak around 0.63 corresponds to relatively dust-free cases, and the second peak around 1.13 characterizes the situation when Asian dust is presented. The correlation between AOD and resulted high correlation on the wide range with high values of optical depth at Anmyeon, otherwise a narrow range of with moderate to low AOD at Jeju. In dust free condition SSA decrease with waveleneth while in the presence of Asian dust SSA either stays neutral or increases slightly with wavelength. The change of surface temperature shows the stronger positive correlations with aerosol optical depth increase at Anmyeon than Jeju. In the chemical properties the aerosol are related to high concentrations in inorganic matters, SO$^4$, NO$_3$, CA2+ in fine and coarse.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.182-193
• /
• 2017

In order to examine the variation characteristics of chemical compositions in relation to the inflow pathways of Asian dust, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ aerosols were collected at Gosan site of Jeju Island during the Asian dust days between 2010 and 2015, and their chemical compositions were analyzed. The mean mass concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ during Asian dust days were $130.0{\pm}90.2$ and $38.2{\pm}24.7{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The composition ratios of major secondary pollutants ($nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$) were high as 53.7 % for $PM_{10-2.5}$ and 90.6 % for $PM_{2.5}$. When the Asian dusts had been transported to the Korean Peninsula via Loess Plateau of central China, the concentrations of $nss-Ca^{2+}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $nss-SO_4{^{2-}}$, and $NO_3{^-}$ increased more noticeably. Whereas in case when the inflow pathways of Asian dust had been through the Bohai bay, the concentrations of the crustal species such as Al, Fe, and Ca were relatively high in coarse particles. The atmospheric aerosols were acidified largely by sulfuric and nitric acids. They were neutralized mainly by calcium carbonate in coarse particle mode passed through Manchuria area, but by ammonia in fine particle mode passed through Loess plateau and Bohai bay. Ammonium salts are assumed to exist as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate in coarse particles, but mostly as ammonium sulfate in fine particles.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.649-660
• /
• 2015

Data obtained from the Calpuff inverse modeling estimate the emission amount of pollutants, and enable to establish the aim for reduction through the comparison of various cases. This study pursued to accumulate the fundamental data by the Calpuff inverse modeling for five areas in the vicinity of Donghae harbor, which focused on reduction of atmospheric fine dust. As a result of evaluation of the allowed emission amount for local sites, site-D required the most reduction, $4.95{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}S$, based on the atmospheric guideline, $50{\mu}g/m^3$. The theoretical mitigation could decrease the average concentration of PM10 to $42.6{\mu}g/m^3$ for the study field (Donghae waste water treatment plant). Modeling only for site-A emission showed the potential concentration around the residential area of Donghae harbor, $40{\sim}50{\mu}g/m^3$. However, it will rise over $50{\mu}g/m^3$ with the addition of background level. Therefore no more emission would be allowed. Site-B including commercial area and unpaved field required the reduction of $0.11{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}S$ due to vehicles and fugitive dust. Site-C and E did not emit additional pollutants.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2013

Measurement of the phosphorus concentration in aerosols in Beijing, which was a representative East Asian mega-city, was carried out. The optimum procedure for analyzing phosphorus in aerosols was found in this study. Recovery of phosphorus in environmental samples through the improved method was almost 100%. The concentration of phosphorus in TSP was $145{\pm}47\;ng/m^3$, with a seasonal variation showing high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. The concentrations of phosphorus in $PM_{2.5}$ accounted for $35{\pm}6%$ of those in TSP, with no seasonal variations. The major source of phosphorus in aerosols in Beijing was soil dust, and additional sources of phosphorus in fine particles could be coal combustion and biomass burning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.202-203
• /
• 2003

디젤 엔진에서 발생되는 입자는 대기 오염의 주 오염원이 되고 있다. 따라서 이를 감소시키기 위해 필터(Diesel Particulate Filter :DPF)를 이용한 다양한 후처리 시스템이 개발되고 있다. DPF 시스템에서 가장 많이 사용하는 필터는 cordierite로 구성된 벌집 모양의 세라믹 필터이다. 그러나 이러한 타입의 필터는 여과시 압력강하가 높을 뿐 아니라 재생을 위한 고온 상태에서 낮은 열전도율로 crack이 일어나거나 melting이 있어 필터 자체의 파손의 위험이 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.479-480
• /
• 2003

미세 입자의 포집효율을 향상시키고 집진필터의 수명을 연장시키기 위해 여과집진 장치에 전기집진 기술을 접목시켜 미세 입자의 제어 성능을 향상시키기 위한 다단계 집진장치에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다(Hautanen, 1996). 그 가운데 전기장 내에서의 입자 응집을 이용한 미세입자의 제거는 전기집진기의 효율을 높이기 위한 방법의 하나로 제시되었고(Lehtinen, 1996), 교류 전기장 내에서의 입자들의 충돌로 인하여 미세입자의 크기가 성장하여 전기 집진 장치에서 미세입자의 제거효율이 상승한다는 연구결과가 발표되었다(Watanabe, 19950. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.341-342
• /
• 2002

미세탄소입자는 원소탄소(elemental carbon)와 유기탄소(organic carbon)로 분류할 수 있다. 원소탄소는 불완전연소 과정에 발생하는 검댕(black soot), 원유의 정제과정에 발생하는 흑연(graphite), 자연상태에서 만들어진 다이아몬드의 3가지 형태로 존재한다. 이들 중 대기환경에 영향을 미치는 요소는 검댕입자로서 입경은 l$\mu\textrm{m}$이하이며, 일정한 형태를 지니고 있지 않다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.329-341
• /
• 2016

Pohang is a well-known industrial city in Korea with a large steel-industrial complexes. The biggest environmental issue in the city is associated with fine particulate matter (hereinafter, $PM_{10}$). The concentration of $PM_{10}$ is generally dependent on the local emission sources and meteorological conditions. Iron and steel industrial complexes are likely serious pollution sources of $PM_{10}$ in Pohang. In this study, daily $PM_{10}$ data from a large database from the year of 2000 to 2012 were statistically analyzed, together with meteorological data. The average concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were evaluated according to the frequency of Asian dust, haze, mist, and fog. The number of days exceeding short-term standard for $PM_{10}$ were also examined, taking into consideration of weather conditions. It was found that the concentration of $PM_{10}$ was reduced about 18% to 26% because of precipitation. In addition, the effects of wind direction and wind speed on the $PM_{10}$ concentrations were investigated.