• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.864-872
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive assessment of the nutritional habits of resistance trained males in relation to protein and carbohydrate intakes in comparison with the recommended values. Thirty-four male bodybuilders ($27.0{\pm}2.1years,\;173.5{\pm}5.0cm,\;8.3{\pm}0.61%$ body fat), twenty-four male weight lifters ($20.9{\pm}2.1years,\;171.8{\pm}6.9cm,\;7.6{\pm}0.98%$ body fat) and twenty-five male non-athletes ($26.9{\pm}2.5years,\;175.3{\pm}5.7cm,\;8.5{\pm}0.95%$ body fat) participated in the study. Participants completed a comprehensive survey by twenty-four hour dietary recall methods. All diets were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional (Pro) analyzer by a registered dietician. Body fat was measured using skin fold thickness. The average time spent in resistance training was $18.0{\pm}1.7$ hrs/week for body builders and $14.6{\pm}8.7$ hrs/week for weight lifters. Total daily calories were $2583.6{\pm}874.8kcal\;(31.9{\pm}11.9kcal/kg)$ for bodybuilders, $3565.9{\pm}1281.8kcal\;(42.7{\pm}15.0kcal/kg)$ for weight lifters and $2016.0{\pm}955.3kcal\;(28.1{\pm}13.9kcal/kg)$ for non-athletes (p=0.001). Percent of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat 64.2%, 27.1%, and 8.7% for bodybuilders, and 66.3%, 18.6%, and 15.1% for weight lifters. The mean protein intake was $1.9{\pm}1.2g/kg$ of BW for bodybuilders, $1.6{\pm}0.6g/kg$ of BW for male weight lifters and $1.1{\pm}0.69g/kg$ of BW for non-athletes. Although dietary calcium (78.7%) and riboflavin (86.3%) intakes for bodybuilders were below the RDA, dietary intakes of micronutrients were not deficient. More research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and micronutrients for the resistance trained athletes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-83
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• 2021

Purpose : This study compared the differences in power and agility of athletes in each sports using visual response speed test (VRST) scores after conducting 10 weeks of body stability exercise (BSE) on elementary school athletes in handball, football, volleyball and conducted a post-hoc test on the measured values. The subjects of this study were baseball (n=27), taekwondo (n=22), and football (n=23) athletes with at least two years of athletic experience. A total of 72 elementary school athletes were measured by VRST after 10 weeks of BSE under the same conditions. Methods : For VRST measurement of the upper extremity, the right and left hands were alternately touched in the order the blazepod equipment lights were turned on. The number of touches for 15 seconds and response touch were measured. In the case of the measurement of lower extremity the left lower extremity was measured first when the Blaze pod equipment light came on. The average value was obtained by measuring 3 times using a measurement sensor with the position indicated in order to measure the upper arms and legs the same. Results : This study confirmed homogeneity among sports and that VRST improved after implementing BSE for sports. However, no statistically significant difference was identified when comparing VRST improvements between sports, and post-hoc test results showed no significant differences either. Conclusion : After applying the BSE program under the same conditions for 10 weeks to elementary school students who can improve their power and agility the most, the results of the examination using the Blaze pod showed that the power and agility of baseball, taekwondo, and soccer players were similarly improved. From the fact that there was no significant difference among sports, it could be inferred that the BES training program could improve VRST without being limited to some sports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2010

Purpose : To provide information and data about the physical therapy service for planning future Olympic and other mass gatherings. Methods : To document the injuries sustained during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in a sample of patients visiting the physical therapy department of the Korean Olympic Committee. Athletes visited the physical therapy department in 2008 Beijing Olympic Korean delegation from 1 August through 22 August. Results : The sex ratio of athletes who visited physical therapy room was male 27.5%, female 72.5% and that number of case sports were higher Handball (26.2%), hockey (15.8%), archery (10.4%). The most prevalent injury of body parts was shoulder (15.1%), followed by the lumbar(14.2%), and the cervical spine (10.5%). Treatment modality had manual therapy(891), electrical therapy (584), ultrasound (461) and the number of taping were handball (47.8%), hocky (23.8%), judo (8.2%). Ankle (31.4%) was the most body parts of taping. Conclusion : Physical therapy in sport as a professional sports event to get their players to injury prevention and treatment. These results can be of help to optimize the strategies to prevent injuries and to treatment the injured athletes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 1989

This study was carried out in order to investigate a suitable dietary guideline for athlets who need weight control. This dietary guideline will be a basic information to furnish further development of the computer program. The weight of Boxing and Judo players were diverse ranging from 49.5Kg to 95Kg whose overage age was 21. Also the quantity of energy expenditure during a day's activity depended on the indiviual's weight and physical conditions that will contribute to many factors among those surveyed, and the overall contribute to many factors among those surveyed, and the overall consumption of calorie per day was ranged from 3682Kcal to 7226Kcal. For those athlets, they suggested necessary nutritional intake of protein per 1Kg weight was 1.18㎎ and the recommended intake of vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin was 0.5㎎, 0.6㎎, and 6.6㎎ each per 1,000Kcal of calorie needed. Taste perference of athletes showed that there was no extreme dislike toward and food items. However, this study showed that strongly flavored food was not prefered. On the other hand, there was a high preference toward protein foods, fruits and beverages.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of flossing band exercise on the range of motion and vertical jump for taekwondo demonstration athletes with ankle functional instability. The subjects of this study were 21 male Taekwondo Demonstration Team athletes enrolled at D University. They were divided into functional ankle instability group(FAIG, n=7), mild ankle instability group(MAIG, n=7), and ankle stability group(ASG, n=7). All groups performed a acute flossing band exercise program. The results of this study are as follows; dorsi flexion(p<.01), inversion(p<.01), eversion(p<.05) and vertical jump(p<.01) were significantly increased in the FAIG. Flossing band exercise of Taekwondo demonstration team with FAI increased joint range of motion and vertical jump. Therefore, it was confirmed that it could be an intervention that can improve performance and reduce the risk of ankle injury.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate the overall results and its major affecting factors(athlete/associated injury) of modified Brostrom procedure for chronic ankle lateral instability. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients (51 ankles) with chronic ankle lateral instability were sub-grouped athletes and non-athletes and again sub-grouped with associated injury and without associated injury. Associated injuries were osteochondral defect(6), peroneal tendon abnormality(10), os subfibularae(4), os subtibialae(4), anterior impingement(5) and loose body(2). The overall surgical results were evaluated and also see whether or not athletes and associated injury affect the result. Result: Of the 51 operations performed, there were 39 excellent, 8 good and 4 fair as a whole. Of the 24 athletes operated, there were 19 excellent, 3 good, and 2 fair. Among the 27 non-athletes, there were 20 excellent, 5 good and 2 fair results. The average time to ordinary life in the non-athlete group was 2.5 months and average time to sports activity in the athlete was 4.5 months postoperatively. Those who didn't have any associated injury had all excellent result, on the contrary, those who had associated injuries, 14 excellent, 8 good and 4 fair results. All the fair results were associated with osteochondral lesion of talus. Whether or not the patient is athlete does not affect the surgical results, but whether or not there were associated injuries does affect the surgical results. Conclusion: Modified Brostrom procedure for chronic ankle lateral instability itself is an excellent to good operation. This procedure can be used in athletic populations who need high demand of sports activity. But chronic ankle lateral instability with associated injury group showed variable, less satisfactory results than those without associated injury. Careful preoperative and intraoperative examination should be done to find out the associated injury with chronic ankle lateral instability.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the velocity conversion coefficient and invariance for the optimal phase ratio on the performance of the women's triple jump. Methods : Three-dimensional kinematic data were obtained from the three finalists of the women's triple jumper competition at the 2011 Daegu IAAF World Championships. Computer simulations were performed using the biomechanical model of the triple jump to optimize the phase ratio for the longest actual distance for all athletes with altered velocity conversion coefficients. Results : Top elite triple jumpers showed better technical consistency at the phase ratio. Also, no consistent relationship was observed between the loss in horizontal velocity and the gain in vertical velocity across supporting the three phase. In addition, regardless of the magnitude A1, all athletes were optimized with jump-dominated technique. Finally, as the magnitude of A1 increased, the athletes showed better performance. The obtained overall distance jumped showed the longest actual distance when the optimal phase ratio was transferred from hop-dominated to jump-dominated(the step ratio was 30%~31%), and when the optimal phase ratio was transferred from balanced to jump-dominated(the step ratio was 27%~29%). Conclusion : Future studies need to be conducted in order to explore the active landing motion and the inclination angle of the body with the velocity conversion coefficient simultaneously at each supporting phase.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2002

Special attention has been paid to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for athlete doping control because it stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and epitestosterone without increasing the T/E ratio which is a doping indicator for the exogenous administration of testosterone. Even though the IOC banned the use of hCG, a detection method has not been decided upon since there are a variety of immunoassay kits available on the market. We evaluated three kits in terms of their performance characteristics. The assay value of the control sample varied depending on the kit, resulting in 198 mIU/ml for the MAIA kit, 172mIU/ml for the IRMA kit, and 143 mIU/ml for the MEIA kit. Considering the IOC inter-lab distribution of results(55-312 mIU/ml) using 27 different kits and the mean value (178$\pm$56 mIU/ml), all three kits are within the range of －15.8% - ＋5.6% of the mean value, which proves them useful for the hCG assay. The MEIA kit resulted in lower hCG values because it detects only intact hCG molecules, in contrast to the other two kits which detect intact hCG and -hCG together. However, it is suitable for screening purposes because of its advantage of being an automated system. When 123 urine samples of athletes were analyzed in 22 batches using this system, the variation of control values fell within $\pm$ 10% of the mean values, and an specimens tested negative with hCG values less than the detection limit of 2 mIU/ml.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.171-177
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• 2023

This study aims to provide useful information for prevention of doping by investigating and verifying relationships among demographic factors such as athletic career and experience of anti-doping education, controlled motivation, attitude toward anti-doping, perceived behavioral control factors and doping intentions to verify factors affecting doping intentions of domestic elite athletes based on the advance studies that have been carried out various theoretical approaches so far. Method: This study analyzed using SPSS 27.0 program. First, this study confirmed a multicollinearity problem by conducting Pearson's correlation analysis to examine correlation between variables. And this study conducted stepwise multiple linear regression to confirm how the variables affect doping intentions. Result: Study results show that all factors such as athletic career, experience of anti-doping education, controlled motivation, attitude toward anti-doping and perceived behavioral control have a significant impact on doping intentions, and this study verified significant impact by putting variables in order of each influence. As a result of verification, this study confirmed that controlled motivation has the greatest influence, and perceived behavioral control toward doping, experience of anti-doping education, attitude toward and athletic career came next in order.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), pain, and performance ability in professional fencing players. Methods: Fifty-six athletes participated in this study. The pain group included those who had a score on a pain-related Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of ${\geq}$20 and an Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score ${\geq}$10). In the non-pain group, these scores were: VAS(<20), ODI(<10). The VAS and ODI were used to measure pain throughout the study. Performance ability included motor function of the lower extremities (as assessed by a Modified Functional Index Questionnaire, MFIQ), dynamic balance (Balance system, BS and Posture med, PM), flexor and extensor muscle strength of the lumbar region was recorded as maximal isometric strength. Results: Among athletes who had pain, 5 of 15(33.33%) showed impaired functional movement. Conversely, only 2 of 41(4.88%) of those who had no pain showed such impairment (FMS ${\leq}$14score). The athletes who had pain and who had an FMS score above 14 (10/56; 17.86%) showed a significantly higher score for extensor muscle strength of the lumbar compared with those with pain and an FMS score below 14 (5/56; 8.93%) were significant correlations between the FMS and pain (r=-0.40 to -0.42, p<0.01), the MFIQ (r=-0.33, p<0.05), dynamic balance (r=-0.27 to -0.40, p<0.05-0.01), muscle strength of the lumbar (r=0.27 to 0.29, p<0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the dynamic balance score (${\beta}{\beta}$=-0.41) had slightly more power in predicting FMS score than pain, motor function of lower extremity, or muscle strength. Conclusion: The FMS was significantly associated with values of pain, motor function of the lower extremities, dynamic balance, and muscle strength of the lumbar. However the FMS appears to lack relevance and reasonable evidence to suggest that it is an acceptable measurement tool for functional movement analysis.