• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2002

Objectives : Videostrobokymography(VSK) has been recently developed and reported by Sung et at. We aimed to analyze vibratory patterns and objective parameters in various benign vocal fold lesions using VSK, and examine the efficacy of VSK in clinical application. Materials and Methods : Using VSK, we analyzed the vibration pattern of normal vocal fold and various benign lesions, such as nodules, polyps, cysts, Reinke's edema and unilateral vocal fold paralysis. We also calculated objective parameters, open quotient and asymmetric index, and compared them with mean values of parameters in normal controls. Results : In nodules, polyps, and cysts, the open quotient on the site of the lesion was similar to the mean value in normal controls, however, on the other part of the vocal folds it was much larger than normal mean value. In Reinke's edema, irregular and asymmetric vibration was observed. The posterior portion of the vocal folds showed larger open quotients than the anterior portion. In the unilateral vocal fold paralysis, irregular vocal folds vibration and incomplete closure of the vocal folds were documented. Much larger asymmetric indices were calculated in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis than in normal controls and other lesions. The asymmetric index could be a good quantitative parameter of vibration from a patient with vocal fold paralysis. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that VSK could generate clear quantitative documentations of fine vibrations of vocal folds in many different benign lesions. VSK has a potential as an effective tool for quantitative analysis of vibratory patterns of the vocal folds iii clinical settings.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2020

With the advantages of biocatalytic method, enzymes have been excavated for the synthesis of chiral amino acids by the reductive amination of ketones, offering a promising way of producing pharmaceutical intermediates. In this work, a robust phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) with wide substrate spectrum and high catalytic efficiency was constructed through rational design and active-site-targeted, site-specific mutagenesis by using the parent enzyme from Bacillus halodurans. Active sites with bonding substrate and amino acid residues surrounding the substrate binding pocket, 49L-50G-51G, 74M,77K, 122G-123T-124D-125M, 275N, 305L and 308V of the PheDH, were identified. Noticeably, the new mutant PheDH (E113D-N276L) showed approximately 6.06-fold increment of k_cat/Km in the oxidative deamination and more than 1.58-fold in the reductive amination compared to that of the wide type. Meanwhile, the PheDHs exhibit high capacity of accepting benzylic and aliphatic ketone substrates. The broad specificity, high catalytic efficiency and selectivity, along with excellent thermal stability, render these broad-spectrum enzymes ideal targets for further development with potential diagnostic reagent and pharmaceutical compounds applications.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2024

본 연구는 한반도 중서부 대청도에 발달하는 광역규모 습곡의 구조기하학적 특징과 형성 기작에 대하여 보고한다. 야외에서 획득한 구조 요소 자료를 기반으로 구조 영역별 등면적 하반구 스테레오 투영과 습곡된 지층 경계의 하향 투영을 수행한 결과, 연구지역에 발달하는 습곡은 북동 방향으로 완만하게 침강된 개방 과습곡으로 분류된다. 과습곡 날개부의 비대칭 기생습곡과 힌지부의 대칭 기생습곡은 지층과 평행한 압축작용을 경험한 이후 요굴흐름 기작이 발생했음을 의미한다. 한반도 중서부의 조산운동사에서 대청도 과습곡이 가지는 의미를 규명하기 위해 향후 습곡의 형성시기 규명이 반드시 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2010

Two major endoglucanase genes (cel7B and cel5A) were cloned from Penicillium decumbens 114-2 using the method of modified thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL-PCR). The result of Southern blotting suggested that P. decumbens has a single copy of the cel5A gene and a single copy of the cel7B gene in its chromosomal DNA. The expression levels of cel5A and cel7B were determined by means of real-time quantitative PCR, suggesting that the two genes were coordinately expressed, and repressed by glucose and induced by cellulose. Both endoglucanase genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the recombinant proteins were purified. The recombinant Cel7B and Cel5A were both optimally active at $60^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0. The recombinant Cel7B showed more than 8-fold, 30-fold, and 5-fold higher enzyme activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose, barley $\beta$-glucan, and PASC, respectively, in comparison with that of Cel5A. However, their activities toward pNPC and Avicel showed minor differences. The results suggested that Cel7B is a strict endoglucanase, whereas Cel5A showed processivity because of its relative higher ability to hydrolyze the crystal cellulose.

• 암석학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.151-165
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• 1997

옥천변성대의 북동부에 위치하고 있는 충주 계명산지역은 옥천누층군(대향산 규암층, 향산리 돌로마이트층, 계명산층)과 이들을 관입하고 있는 중생대 충주화강암으로 주고 구성되어 있다. 계명 산층의 주요 구성암류는 역질암, 염기성질암, 산성질암, 이질암 그리고 사질암 기원의 다양한 변성도를 보이는 변성암류로 되어 있고, 염기성질암과 산성질암을 교호 내지 설상으로 산출한다. 이는 염기성질암과 산성질암이 열곡환경의 바이모달(bimodal)형 화성활동의 산물이었음을 제안한다. 또한, 열린 납작 타원형 분포를 보이는 역질암의 외곽부에는 주로 화산암형 산성질암이 분포하고 그의 중심부에는 화산암형 산성질암과 함께 심성암형 산성질암이 분포한다. 이는 역질암 형성 이전의 산성질암 화성활동은 역질암 형성과 동시기 내지 이후의 산성질암 화성활동과 그의 산상에서 차이점이 있음을 의미한다. 충주 계명산지역 옥천변성대의 지리구조는 적어도 세 번의 변형단계를 거쳐 형성되었다. 첫 번째 변형(D1 변형 )은 북북서 내지 북서 주향에 서남서 내지 남서 방향으로 경사하는 습곡축면(S1)과 서쪽으로 침강하는 습곡축을 보이는 동쪽으로 닫힌 하나의 거대한 칼집형(sheath-type)습곡(F1 습곡)을 형성시켰다. 그 결과, 서쪽으로 침강하는 신장선구조(L1)가 형성되엇다. 두 번째 변형(D2 변형)은 북북동 내지 북동 주향의 습곡축면(S2)과 $20~45^{\circ}/210~230^{\circ}$ 방향의 습곡축(L2)을 보이는 동남동 내지 남동 버전스(vergence)의 비대칭 습곡(F2 습곡)을 형성시켰다. 그 결과, 서쪽으로 침강하는 원래의 L1방향은 F2 습곡의 하위 날개(역전된 날개)부에서 북서쪽으로 침강하는 L1으로 재배열되었다. 세 번째 변형(D3 변형)은 $45^{\circ}/265^{\circ}$ 방향의 습곡을 갖는 셰브론(chevron)형 습곡(F3 습곡)으로, 남북 방향의 압축작용에 의해 형성된다. 그 결과, 원래의 L2 방향($20~45^{\circ}/210~230^{\circ}$방향)은 주로 $35~45^{\circ}/260~280^{\circ}$방향과 부수적으로 $30~45^{\circ}/135~165^{\circ}$ 방향의 L2로 재배열된다. D3 변형 이후, 동서 방향의 압축작용으로 형성된 남북 주향에 고각 경사의 습곡축면과 준 수평적인 습곡축을 갖는 열린(open)습곡이 관찰된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2019

Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to generate five different triple point mutations in the double mutant (C295A/I86A) of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus alcohol dehydrogenase (TeSADH) by computer-aided modeling with the aim of widening the small alkyl-binding pocket. TeSADH engineering enables the enzyme to accept sterically hindered substrates that could not be accepted by the wild-type enzyme. The underline in the mutations highlights the additional point mutation on the double mutant TeSADH introduced in this work. The catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_M$) of the ${\underline{M151A}}$/C295A/I86A triple TeSADH mutant for acetophenone increased about 4.8-fold higher than that of the double mutant. A 2.4-fold increase in conversion of 3'-methylacetophenone to (R)-1-(3-methylphenyl)-ethanol with a yield of 87% was obtained by using ${\underline{V115A}}$/C295A/I86A mutant in asymmetric reduction. The ${\underline{A85G}}$/C295A/I86A mutant also produced (R)-1-(3-methylphenyl)-ethanol (1.7-fold) from 3'-methylacetophenone and (R)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-ethanol (1.2-fold) from 3'-methoxyacetophenone, with improved yield. In terms of thermal stability, the ${\underline{M151A}}$/C295A/I86A and ${\underline{V115A}}$/C295A/I86A mutants significantly increased ${\Delta}T_{1/2}$ by $+6.8^{\circ}C$ and $+2.4^{\circ}C$, respectively, with thermal deactivation constant ($k_d$) close to the wild-type enzyme. The ${\underline{M151A}}$/C295A/I86A mutant reacts optimally at $70^{\circ}C$ with almost 4 times more residual activity than the wild type. Considering broad substrate tolerance and thermal stability together, it would be promising to produce (R)-1-(3-methylphenyl)-ethanol from 3'-methylacetophenone by ${\underline{V115A}}$/C295A/I86A, and (R)-1-phenylethanol from acetophenone by ${\underline{M151A}}$/C295A/I86A mutant, in large-scale bioreduction processes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.755-760
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• 2009

Purpose: Breast surgeons usually insert tissue expander or implant beneath the subpectoral - subglandular dual plane in breast reconstruction. But sometimes it happens unsatisfactory lower pole fullness, asymmetric inframammary fold and breast shape because there is implant migration due to the pectoralis major muscle contraction and gravity. To solve all the problem like these, we introduce implant breast reconstruction using AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, N.J.) sling. Methods: The AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ sling was used in 13 patients and 18 breasts for implant breast reconstruction. After mastectomy, costal and lower sternal insertion of pectoralis major muscle was detached. Rehydrated AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ was sutured to the chest wall and serratus anterior fascia at the level of inframammary fold downward and to lower border of the pectoralis major muscle upward like crescent shape with tension free technique after implant insertion into the subpectoral - subAlloDerm dual pocket. Results: We make satisfactory lower pole fullness, symmetric inframammary fold and breast shape. In conclusion, patients obtain relatively natural breast shape. There was no complication except one case of capsular contracture and one case of breast cellulitis. Conclusion: Implant breast reconstruction using AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ sling makes easy to get natural breast shape through satisfactory lower pole fullness, symmetric inframammary fold and implant positioning.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2007

청송 무포산응회암은 경상분지 북동부 화산암류에서 하나의 냉각단위로 구별되는 층서단위이다. 이 응회암은 그 입도에 의하면 대부분 응회암에 속하고 구성원에 의하면 파리질 응회암에 속한다. 대부분 부석과 샤드가 일정하게 배열되고 심하게 편평화되어 용결엽리를 발달시키며 여러 가지 흐름지시자를 보여준다. 무포산응회암에서 부석 정향배열에 의한 유상선구조로부터 이동 패턴, 암편과 부석의 와상배열, 용결엽리의 비대칭 유상습곡 등의 흐름 지시자, 암편과 부석의 최대입경의 측방점이, 그리고 구성원 함량의 측방점이에 의하면 이 응회암을 집적시킨 화쇄류는 남동부에서 공급되었던 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제13권3_4호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2002

X선 회절법을 이용하여 Tricyclazole, C/sub9/H/sub7/N₃S 분자 및 결정 구조를 규명하였다. 화합물의 결정학 자료: Orthorhombic 공간군 Pca2₁, a=14.889(1) Å, b=7.444(1) Å, c=15.189(2) Å, V=1683.3(3) ų, Z= 8분자 구조는 직접법으로 풀었고 완전최소자승법으로 정밀화하여 1533(F/sub o//sup 2/>4σ(F/sub o//sup 2/))인 독립회절반점에 대하여 최종 신뢰도값 R=0.047을 얻었다. 구조 해석 결과 두 분자가 asymmetric 단위로 구성되어 있으며 각각의 분자는 서로 거의 평형을 이루면서 b축 방향으로 유사 4-fold screw를 이루고 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.787-798
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was three-fold: i) to investigate the degree of asymmetry in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and normal adults; ii) to determine the nature of difference existed between two groups; and iii) to investigate the correlationship between the degree of asymmetry and ANB and overbite in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients. The subjects consisted of 25 Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and 25 normal adults and the mean ages were 22.0 and 24.5 years, respectively. Their posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed with three-dimensional approach. The results were as follows: 1. Asymmetry of Angle's Class III malocclusion group was significant in all regions except cranial base. Their horizontal asymmetry was seen in mandibular angle, maxillary and mandibular 1st molar, mandibular midline and menton. Vertical asymmetry was observed in maxillary 1st molar and mandibular shape and anteroposterior asymmetry in mandibular angle. 2. Nine variables indicating asymmetry were selected and each variable had similar discriminant score. 3. There was a little correlationship between An and asymmetric variable(MSR-B6) and its correlation coefficients was 0.3564. 4. There was no significant correlationship between overbite and asymmetric variables.