• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.886-894
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• 2012

For the development of Moru wine with enhanced sensory qualities, Moru (Vitis amurensis) wines were fermented with pine needles from Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini to make Moru-pine wine or medicinal herbs from Astragali Radix and Viscum album to make Moru-herb wine. Moru without pine needles or medicinal herbs was included as a control. Pine needles and Astragali Radix/Viscum album delayed the fermentation of Moru wine, but after 40 days of fermentation and aging, final ethanol contents, pH, acidity, and the sugar/organic acid content in these kinds of Moru wines had no differences. The final ethanol level and acidity of Moru wines were 11.5~12.9% and 1.1~1.2%, respectively, but any sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were not detected in all Moru wines. These results are consistent with the general characteristics of Moru wines, which have a high acidity and low sugar contents. Relatively low browness and antocyanins were detected in Moru-herb wine decreasing its chromaticity in a sensory test. Overall, the supplements of Astragali Radix/Viscum album reduced the color of normal Moru wine, which might be applied toward the development of conventional Moru wines.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2005

To compare the efficacy of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma and Sinomenii Caulis which are medicinal plants used as Bang Kee(防己), the plants were combined with Astragali Radix and Lycopii Herba into 6 different medicinal decoctions. The specimen decoctions prepared were each decoctions of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma(St), Sinomenii Caulis(Si), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma-Astragali Radix(StA), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma-Lycopii Herba(StL), Sinomenii Caulis-Astragali Radix(SiA) and Sinomenii Caulis-Lycopii Herba(SiL). They were dosed to rats with induced hyperlipidemia. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which St was dosed to, there was no significant effect on the level of Tc, TG, HDLc. And in the group which Si was dosed to, the level of Tc, TG dropped and that of HDLc rose. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which StA was dosed to, there was no significant change in the level of Tc, TG, or HDLc. But in the group which SiA was dosed to, the level of Tc and TG dropped and that of HDLc rose. In the groups of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet, in the group which StL was dosed to, the level of TG dropped, but there was no significant change in the level of Tc or HDLc. And in the SiL group, there was no significant change in the level of Tc or TG, but the level of HDLc rose. On diseases such as hyperlipidemia, when using drug couple of Bang Kee-Astragali Radix as a treatment, Sinomenii Caulis is recommended rather than Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma, and when using drug couple of Bang Kee-Lycopii Herba as a treatment, Sinomenii Caulis and Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma neither showed significant effect. And as Lycopii Herba interrupts the effect of Sinomenii Caulis, drug couple of Sinomenii Caulis-Lycopii Herba is not recommended.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2005

In Oriental medicine the primordial Qi and the defensive Qi are considered as important for immunity. Therefore it is anticipated that the improvement of the primordial Qi and the defensive Qi can enhance the ability of immune cells. This experiment was conducted to investigate how Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix, representative of Qi tonifying herbs, affect the immune system in terms of controlling and balancing immune cells. Using the MTS assay, increased proliferations were observed from herbal treated cells, among which Gins-eng showed the highest proliferation. When splenocytes were activated with anti-CD3 plus herbal extracts, levels of IFN-g and IL-4 were increased but those of IL-2 showed little change compared with the control cells. Levels of IL-2, IFN-g and IL-4 were increased in purified CD4 T cells when activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 but at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Astragali and Atractylodis, levels of IL-2 were decreased by 11% and 42%, respectively and those of IFN-g were decreased by 55% and 12%, respectively. Under Th1/Th2 polarizing conditions, levels of IFN-g in Th1 cells treated with herbal extracts were all decreased but when it comes to IL-4, its levels were increased in Ginseng and Glycyrrhizae treated cells but decreased in Astragali and Atractylodis treated cells. Taken together, the data show that compared with other qi tonifying herbs, Ginseng and Glycyrrhizae have a tendency to favor Th2 cell differentiation in vitro.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1140-1146
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the comparison of immunomodualtory effects of water-extracted Ginseng Radix(GR), Pilose Asia-bell(PA), Astragali Radix(AR), Astractylodes Rhizoma alba(AA) and Dioscoreae Rhizoma (DR). The parameter examined to assess apparent immunomodulatory effect of the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR included the regulation of Nitric oxide (NO), the expression of Th1/Th2 type cytokine, the change of B cell phenotype. The water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In the Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR induced IL-2 and IFNr mRNA gene expression. Therefore, it seems that the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR have a inducing effect of Th1 type cytokines. In the Flow cytometry analysis, the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR did not change B cell phenotype (CD45R/B220). The water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR have a reducing effect of immune suppression cause by Methotrexate (MTX), an agent of immune suppression. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of the water-extracted GR, PA, AR, AA and DR may be, in part, associated with the inducing IL-2 and IFNr mRNA gene expression in and regulation of NO production in macrophage cells.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

Objective: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be involved in insulin resistance and obesity, researches have been increasing highly. Astragali Radix extract (ARE) or its main components have been shown to perform comparably to insulin by significantly reducing blood glucose levels in animal models however, the influence on mitochondrial dysfunction are not well understood. Methods: ARE (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) or metformin (2.5 mM) were treated in C2C12 after 6 day-differentiation. The expressions of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylation AMPK, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptror ${\gamma}$ coactivator $1{\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$), nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor (Tfam) and myosin heavy chain were detected with western blotting or polymerase chain reaction analysis. The morphological changes were also investigated. Results: ARE dose dependently increased phosphorylation of AMPK and respectively activated mRNA expressions of $PGC1{\alpha}$, NRF1 and Tfam which are mitochondrial biogenesis regulators. Furthermore, there were some morphologic differences of differentiated cells between ARE treatment and control. Conclusions: This study suggests that ARE has the potential to increase muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK and $PGC1{\alpha}$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권1호통권132호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2003

Water extract from Astragali Radix (AR) was tested for the safety using Ames, Bacillus subtilis Rec, and umu gene expression mutagenicity tests. Mutagenic activity in any assays we tested was not found. In Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA 100 were used to identify mutagenic property, and the number of histidine revertants was measured. In the Recassay, Bacillus subtilis ${H-17(Rec^+)\;and\;M-45(Rec^-)}$ strains were used to test DNA damage activity. In the SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a test strain, and we monitored the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. From the results, there was no DNA damage and mutagenicity of AR. Hepatotoxicity of AR to female ICR mice was also monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT, LDH activities after oral feeding for 15 days. AR was not shown any significant changes of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities in mice sera.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1258-1266
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• 2005

The present study was carried out in order to assess the protective effects of calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, isolated from Astragali radix (AR), on hyaluronidase (HAase) and the recombinant human interleukin-$1\beta$ (IL-$1\beta$)-induced matrix degradation in human articular cartilage and chondrocytes. We isolated the active component from the n-butanol soluble fraction of AR (ARBu) as the HAase inhibitor and structurally identified as calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside by LC-MS, IR, ${1}^H$ NMR, and ${13}^C$ NMR analyses. The $IC_{50}$ of this component on HAase was found to be 3.7 mg/ml by in vitro agarose plate assay. The protective effect of ARBu on the matrix gene expression of immortalized chondrocyte cell line C28/I2 treated with HAase was investigated using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and its effect on HAase and IL-$1\beta$-induced matrix degradation in human articular cartilage was determined by a staining method and calculating the amount of degraded glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from the cultured media. Pretreatment with calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside effectively protected human chondrocytes and articular cartilage from matrix degradation. Therefore, calycosin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside from AR appears to be a potential natural ant-inflammatory or antii-osteoarthritis agent and can be effectively used to protect from proteoglycan (PG) degradation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2011

Objectives : Elastic fibers are found in the skin, lungs, arteries, veins and other structures. The defects of elastic matrix aggravate hypertension which is associated with alteration in the great arteries, arteries, and arterioles. The elastase inhibitors were undergoing in clinical studies about emphysema and pulmonary hypertension. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Astragali Radix extracts (AR) on elastase activity and anti-oxidative effects. Methods : The elastase inhibitory activity and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and NO free radical scavenging activities of AR were measured. Results : The elastase activity was significantly inhibited by AR. The significant DPPH and NO free radical scavenging activities were observed in AR as well. Conclusion : AR showed the anti-elastase effects and anti-oxidative activities in vitro. These results suggest that AR may be a possible drug for the treatment of pulmonary emphysema and pulmonary hypertension.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2009

Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) (Astragali Radix, AR) has been used as a herbal medicine for gastrointestinal disorders in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asia countries. In this study we investigated the effects of the AR 70% ethanol extract and compounds isolated from AR on gastritis in rats and growth of human gastric cancer cells. AR 70% ethanol extract showed the potent acid-neutralizing capacities and partly cytotoxicity of Helicobacter pylori and human AGS gastric cancers cell. Astragaloside I and daucosterol, which were isolated from AR, significantly inhibited HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions. In addition, daucosterol increased the mucus content to almost the same as the positive control. The results of this study suggest that astragaloside I and daucosterol may be good candidates for the development of new drugs or neutraceuticals which can be used for the treatment or prevention of gastritis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

발암물질을 무독화시키는 QR 생성 유도를 살펴보기 위하여 황기 약침액 및 열수추출액을 생쥐의 간암세포인 Hepa1c1c7에 처리하여 측정한 결과, 황기 약침액의 농도를 증가시킬수록 많은 QR 생성율을 보였으며, GSH 생성이 증가하였고, GST 생성 또한 증가하였다.