• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

Purpose: With remarkable increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increased, The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the increase liver enzymes, lipid levels and fasting blood glucose level in normal and obese children. Methods: A total of 2206 elementary students were grouped according to obesity index; normal group and obesity group(mild, moderate, severe). Aspartate aminotransferase(AST, SGOT) and alanine aminotrausferase(ALT, SGPT) were measured with tota1 cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose. Results: Compared with the 2.7% of ALT > 50 IU/L in normal group, obese groups showed significantly higher prevalence; 6.7% in mild obesity group, 11.8% in moderate group and 15.0% in severe group. The prevalence of hypertriglyceremia was 12,4% in normal weight group, which is significantly lower than obesity group(mild obesity group 24.8%, moderate and severe 32.1% each). Conclusion: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver increased along with severity of obesity. Of Nutritional assessment, intervention, and preferably prevention are necessary for health promotion elementary students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.390-406
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• 2012

Childhood obesity has rapidly increased worldwide and is one of the most serious health problems in this age group. In order to prevent and manage childhood obesity, we developed a nutrition education website. The website consisted of three parts. The first part was made for self-assessment with regard to obesity index, dietary habits, food frequency, dietary attitude, nutrition knowledge, nutrient intake, energy expenditure, and the stage of behavioral change, and tailored messages and advice according to the assessment results. A total of 612 real-size food photos as well as a nutrient database of 3,346 foods and 541 dishes were created to help children estimate nutrient intakes accurately. In addition, an energy expenditure database of 156 activities for children was established to calculate calorie consumption. The second part was made for setting long-term and short-term goals and keeping track of the changes in energy intake and expenditure in one's own page. The third part was made for education. Various types of nutrition information were provided; texts, pictures, calculators and games. The readability and design of the website were evaluated by 46 obese children. Usefulness, design and readability of the website were found to be desirable for children. This website is expected to be used by an obese child alone or with parents or nutrition teachers in order to control body weight through healthy dietary habits and physical activities. In addition, a non-obese child can also use this website for maintaining healthy dietary habits and preventing obesity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2008

Purpose: We defined osteoarthritis of the knee as knee pain and crepitus in over 40 years old. The usual clinical manifestation include pain, stiffness, crepitus and loss of function. Methods: We studied 40 cases of the degenerative arthritis of knee clinically. The body mass index(BMI, weight(kg)/height($m^2$) was used as a measure of obesity. Pain self assessment scale by Million Index in according to age, occupation, BMI. Results: Gender by pain self assessment scale was 6.5 in male and 6.6 in female(P<0.05). The prevalence rates obese was 40%. Occupation by pain self assessment scale was 7.0 in Sitting and 5.7 in Standing(P<0.05). Prevalence was increased with age by pain self assessment scale in aged 40-69 years. Conclusion: It has been known that the obesity is one of the predispsing factors of the primary degenerative arthritis of knee. A flexion weight bearing view of the knee obtained at $30^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ of the joint flexion may be more sensitive in assessing damages to hyaline cartilage because the knee flexion is an important component of the stance phase.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to analyse the trend in papers related to obese people with disabilities. Methods: We reviewed Korean Medicine papers by searching 4 Korean web databases and classified the papers by the year of publishment, the title of journals, the type of study, main treatment, assessment for outcomes. Results: There were 18 studies about the intellectually disabled, which accounted for most of the study. It is expected that intensive research on obesity for the intellectually disabled will be conducted in the future. Also, study on obesity for the disabled will require special attention. Disabled person tend to have a higher obesity rate and secondary diseases due to disabilities can be easily developed. Their health care capabilities are more likely lower than those of the general population. Given these considerations, it would be necessary to study metabolic syndrome in parallel in the study of obesity for the disabled. Disabled person are exposed to obesity more easily than ordinary people, and there is a higher risk of health degradation due to complications from obesity, which requires more attention and research. However, since there is not research in the oriental medical and medical circles on obesity in the disabled, medical approaches and studies on obesity in the disabled are necessary. Conclusions: We expect that more interest and research will be carried out on obesity for the disabled in the Korean medicine to achieve clinical application and to develop treatment protocols for the disabled obesity disease.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2020

The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome score, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) in obese Korean adults. The study included 1,860 adults aged 20 years or older from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome score (MSS) were positively associated with HOMA-IR (both P<0.001). HOMA-B levels of elevated blood pressure (P<0.001) and elevated fasting blood glucose group (P<0.001) were significantly lower than the normal group. However, the HOMA-B levels of abdominal obesity (P=0.003) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol group (P=0.030) were significantly higher than the normal group. Nevertheless, metabolic syndrome (P<0.001) and MSS (P<0.001) were inversely associated with the HOMA-B levels. In conclusion, metabolic syndrome and MSS were positively associated with insulin resistance and inversely associated with beta-cell function in Korean adults with obesity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.438-448
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify factors influencing the weight control behavior of college students. The subjects included college students in the C area, and data were collected through a self reported structured questionnaire from Dec 01 to 20 of 2015. Overall, 289 subjects were analyzed. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The findings showed a prominent distortion of college students' perceptions of their bodies based on evaluation by others and obesity stress, which had special impacts on their weight control behavior. Weight control behavior, body self-awareness (r=.31, p<0.001), assessment of body by others (r=.30, p<0.001), and obesity stress (r=.43, p<0.001) were closely related to their weight control behavior. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that their weight control behavior was closely influenced by obesity stress (${\beta}=.37$, p<0.001) and assessment of body by others (${\beta}=.15$, p=0.009). These variables accounted for 20% of the weight control behavior (F=37.30, p<0.001). Overall, assessment of body by others and obesity stress were found to be predictors of their weight control behavior. These findings indicate that it is necessary to develop and implement information programs and design appropriate prevention programs that can induce healthy weight control behaviors. Such programs should include health education, as well as intervention programs to identify such predictors and help college students judge and perceive their body shapes objectively so that they control their weight in a proper manner.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.634-643
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• 2007

This study was performed to develop a tailored multi-disciplinary obesity management program, as well as an obesity assessment sheet identified the general characteristics and psychological and environmental factors related to weight loss success for obese premenopausal women participating in obesity management programs performed at weight reduction health centers. The results are as follows. The primary general characteristics related to successful weight reduction in the obesity management programs were education level, occupational status, reason for obesity onset, aids used in weight control, basis of frequency, and reason for weight reduction. The initial psychological factors related to successful weight reduction were less stress and disordered eating. The initial environmental factors included an expression of ones opinion and the eating environment. Animal protein and animal fat consumption were significantly less in the unsuccessful group than in those who were unsuccessful at weight loss. The consumption of crude fiber was significantly greater in the successful group than in the unsuccessful group. Psychological factors such as stress, depression, and disordered eating, and the environmental factor of eating environment were significantly better in the successful group than in the unsuccessful group. In conclusion, we have found evidence to suggest what is required in determining the types of programs most suitable for obese women prior to starting an obesity management program.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2006

This study was done for finding out if eating habits, eating behaviors were different between non-obese and obese elementary school students in Jeonju Area. Total 2568 students of 1364 male and 1204 female of the 4th, 5th, and 6th year in 5 elementary schools were surveyed and the statistics of the result was analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Obesity was defined as Body Mass Index(BMI) that exceeded 85th and Obesity Index(OI) that exceeded 110. First, subjects were divided into 4 groups : lean, normal, overweight and obese. Second subjects were reclassified into non-obese(lean and normal) and obese(overweight and obese) groups. Average height of male and female students were 142.5cm, 143.1cm and weight of those were 36.4kg and 37.9kg respectively. 2. As results of obesity computation, obese male students were 19.6%(overweight 11.3%, obese 8.3%) in BMI and obese male students were 25.0%(overweight 12.5.%, obese 12.5%) in OI. Especially Obesity percent rate of male student were significantly higher on that of female student in OI method. 3. Examining obesity between male and female, there were statistically different between male students and female students in OI, but there were not statistically different in BMI. With regard to grade level(4th, 5th, 6th), there were statistically different among grade levels. 4. Examining correlation between eating habits(eating behaviors) and obesity, there were statistically significant in some cases. For example, there were statistically significant correlation between fast eating habit and obesity. And the relation analysis of general environments and obesity showed that there were statistically significant in some cases. These results suggest that the number of overweight students can be increased due to the amount and kinds of food children have as well as the general causes of overweight such as genetic, environmental and psychological reason. Surveying about children's eating habits, eating behaviors this study methodically. Working with parents is necessary and comparison of eating habits, eating behaviors and nutrition knowledge between the past and their presents are also needed in a future.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.476-480
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• 2013

Obesity is one of the most serious health problems in developed countries. It negatively affects diverse aspects of human wellbeing. Of these, a relationship between obesity and depression is widely recognized but biomarkers for assessment of obesity-associated mood changes in animal obesity models are rarely known. Here we explored the link between obesity and the plasma levels of monoamine neurotransmitters involved in mood control using a sensitive UPLC/MSMS technique in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model in male C57BL/6 mice to explore the potential utility of plasma tests for obesity-associated mood change. HFD (60% of total calories, 8 weeks) induced significantly higher weight gains in body (+37.8%) and fat tissue (+306%) in male C57BL/6 mice. Bioanalysis of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in plasma at 8 weeks of HFD revealed that serotonin decreased significantly in the obese mice when compared to normal diet-fed mice ($2.7{\pm}0.6$ vs $4.3{\pm}2.0ng/ml$, N=8). Notably, a negative correlation was found between the levels of serotonin and body weight gains. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) with the individual levels of neurotransmitters revealed that plasma levels of dopamine and serotonin could apparently differentiate the obese mice from lean ones. Our study demonstrated that blood plasma levels of neurotransmitters can be employed to evaluate the mood changes associated with obesity and more importantly, provided an important clue for understanding of the relationship between obesity and mood disorders.