• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.55-57
• /
• 1979

These studies were undertaken to determine the $CO^2$fixation patterns following the chloroplast development in maize leaves. At the early stage of chloroplast development $^{14}C$ was incorporated into aspartate (41%) and malate (22%) respectively. Whereas the incorporation of $^{14}C$ into malate was higher than that of aspartate as chloroplast developed. Activity of NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenase was increased throughout chloroplast development, but that of aspartate transaminase was not. Much incorporation of $^{14}C$ into aspartate at the early stage of chloroplast development and into malate at later stage of chloroplast development lead us to conclude that NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity is closely associated with chloroplast development, but activity of aspartate transaminase is not.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.548-553
• /
• 1995

Effects of restraint stress and its modulations by ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) were evaluated on some biochemical and biophysical parameters in rats. Restraint stress induced elevations in blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP). cholesterol (CHOL), aspartate transaminase (GOT), alanine transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. It was also caused adrenal hypertrophy, decrease in weight of spleen and contents of ascorbic acid in stressed rats. As a results, stress indicators such as spleen, ascorbic acid, GOT, GPT, LDH were fastly changed after imposing stress, but those such as ALP, CHOL, adrenal were induced relatively later. UDCA was tested if it has an inhibitory effect against 18-hr restraint induced stress. UDCA lowered ALP, CHOL, LDH level and also effectively elevated the ascorbic acid contents in 25 mg/kg dosage of UDCA. In organ weights. the restraint stress induced increases in spleen and adrenal were attenuated by UDCA in 50 mg/kg dosage. However. stress-induced GOT and GPT levels were unaffected by UDCA.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.181.1-181.1
• /
• 2003

Polyphenolic compounds have been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study. we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of skin and seed of grape which contain abundant polyphenol compounds on dimethylnitrosamine(DMN)-induced liver damage in rats. Ingestion of skin and seed of grape (10％ diet, daily for 4 weeks) into the DMN-treated rats remarkably prevented the elevation of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.180.1-180.1
• /
• 2003

Proanthocyanidins, one of the major natural polyphenolic compounds of grape has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of proanthocyanidins on the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver damage in rats. Oral administration of proanthocyanidins (20, 50mg/kg daily for 4 weeks) into the DMN-treated rats remarkably prevented the elevation of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2012

The protective effect of AI-1367 (Alnus japonica extract) on liver injury was investigated. Primary rat hepatocyte intoxication was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH), carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$), or D-glactosamine (D-GalN). Liver injury was induced by $CCl_4$, D-GalN or MCD (methionine choline deficient)-diet in mouse. The cellular leakage of lactate dehyrogenase and cell viability followed by the treatment of hepatotoxicants were significantly improved by AI-1367 treatment at a concentration range of 5~50 ${\mu}g/ml$ for tBH, 5~50 ${\mu}g/ml$ for D-GalN, and 5~100 ${\mu}g/ml$ for $CCl_4$, respectively. Treatment with AI-1367 (20, 10, 5 mg/kg, p.o.) on liver injury induced by subcutaneous injection of $CCl_4$ or D-GalN reduced significantly the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in serum. Histological observations revealed that fatty acid changes, hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in $CCl_4$ (D-GalN)-induced liver injury was improved by administration of AI-1367. AI-1367 treatment (10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) also significantly recovered the body weight change and serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and triglyceride in liver injury induced by MCD diet. From these results, AI-1367 shows protective effects against tBH, $CCl_4$, D-GalN, or MCD diet-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro or in vivo.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2013

Liver enzyme elevations, as an indicator of liver function, are widely associated with metabolic diseases. Genome-wide population-based association studies have identified a genetic susceptibility to liver enzyme elevations and their related traits; however, the genetic architecture in childhood remains largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify new genetic loci for liver enzyme levels in a Korean childhood cohort (n = 484). We observed three novel loci (rs4949718, rs80311637, and rs596406) that were multiply associated with elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Although there are some limitations, including genetic power, additional replication and functional characterization will support the clarity on the genetic contribution that the ST6GALNAC3, ADAMTS9, and CELF2 genes have in childhood liver function.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.546-553
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the biological activity and protective effect of Cassia tora ethanol extracts against D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into normal group, D-galactosamine treated group(control), D-galactosamine plus 0.25% Cassia tora extracts treated group and D-galactosamine plus 0.5% Cassia tora extracts treated group. Normal and control group were fed control diet and Cassia tora extracts treated groups were fed experimental diets containing 0.25% or 0.5% Cassia tora ethanol extracts for 5 weeks. Body weight gain and liver weight of rats were not significantly different between groups. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum and liver were significantly lower in rats treated only with D-galactosamine compared to normal group, and improved in Cassia tora extracts supplemented rats. D-galactosamine treatment significantly increased serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase, however, the activities of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were significantly decreased in Cassia tora extracts supplemented rats when compared with D-galactosamine treated control group. Cassia tora extracts significantly suppressed the D-galactosamine-induced elevation of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) contents. Superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by D-galactosamine treatment, however by the supplementation of Cassia tora ethanol extracts, significantly increased in dose-dependent manner. Glutathione peroxidase activity in rats fed diets containing Cassia tora extracts was decreased compared to control. Based on these results, we concluded that Cassia tora ethanol extracts may prevents the D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity probably via an antioxidant mechanism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.148-169
• /
• 1990

The Present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Soo Jeom San on the function of heart and digestive organs. And thus it was analyzed the total acidity, recovery effect, and the other various enzyme activities such as ATPase, Creatine kinase, Aspartate transaminase, and Lactate dehydrogenase. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The Total acidity decreased after Soo JeomSan administration for 6 days, however the total acidity inoreased after the drug administration for 9 days, these phenomena demonstrate that Soo Jeom San acts as a dual factor. The mechanism of decreasing the total acidity was considered to the inhibition of ATPase activity used for HCI active transport from parietal cells. 2. Soo Jeom San recovered the islets of Langerhans which was disrupted by streptozotocin. The recovery mechanism was suggested that Soo Jeom San stimulates the ${\beta}-cell$ proliferation. 3. Soo Jeom San inhibited the enzyme activities such as Creatine kinase and Aspartate transaminase, however the drug activated Lactate dehydrogenase. According to the obtained results, Soo Jeom San may be used for curing gastric ulcer and myocardiac infarction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.6.1-6.6
• /
• 2021

Opuntia ficus-indica has traditionally been used in prevention and treatment of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The current study was performed to determine whether Opuntia ficus-indica is associated with diabetes. Diabetic rat models were induced with streptozotocin (STZ). This study divided rats into 1 day (short-term) and 4 consecutive weeks (long-terms) of daily administration. These groups were subdivided into four groups each other for assessment of blood glucose level as follows: Group 1, untreated rats given distilled water; Group 2, untreated rats given Opuntia ficus-indica; Group 3, STZ-induced diabetic rats given distilled water; Group 4, STZ-induced diabetic rats given Opuntia ficus-indica. Blood glucose level was measured for one day and four weeks. In addition, serum markers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), cholesterol, and creatinine were determined, and total protein triglycerides were measured at four weeks. Blood glucose level was highest in both groups (Group 3 and Group 4) at 30 minutes and two weeks and gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner. The difference in blood glucose among the four groups was significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of ALT, AST and triglycerides were significantly decreased by Opuntia ficus-indica.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 2003

In the present study, Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) bark was extracted with methanol and water. The extracts were vacuum dried to yield the respective methanol (MET) and aqueous extract (AET). The extracts were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_{4})$ induced liver damage at 2 dose levels (250 and 500 mg/kg). The biochemical parameters observed in serum were total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels and total protein. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and total protein levels in liver were also evaluated. Histopathological study on the liver tissue was also performed. The extracts exhibited dose dependent reduction in total bilirubin, ALP SGOT, SGPT, AST, ALT and increase in total protein (serum and liver) levels. The extracts also exhibited only mild hepatocytic damage compared to the $CCl_{4}$ Treated group. MET was found to exhibit higher hepatoprotection than AET.