• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.611-623
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• 2014

우리나라에는 4대강 주변에 충적 대수층이 많이 발달하고 있으며, 이러한 충적층을 활용한 인공함양 시스템 운영은 향후 우리나라 미래 수자원 확보에 있어서 중요한 수단이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이 연구는 낙동강 하천변 충적층에서 대수층 저류/이동/회수 방식의 인공함양 기법을 적용하였을 때, 하천수의 반복적인 주입이 대수층의 주입능력에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 대하여 고찰하였다. 인공함양 시스템의 주입 효율을 평가하기 위해서 2차례에 걸친 주입시험을 실시하였으며, 각 시험에서의 주입수(하천수)와 4개 관측정 내 지하수의 혼합 비율을 계산하여 주입 효율의 변화를 검토하였다. 혼합 비율 계산에서 사용된 수질 성분은 전기전도도로서, 연구지역에서의 하천수와 대상 지하수의 EC 값은 현저한 차이를 보여 혼합 결과를 확실하게 반영해 주었다. 2차례의 주입시험 결과, 일부 관측정에서는 1차에 비해 2차 시험에서 주입 효과의 발생 시점이 매우 느리게 나타났으며, 대부분의 관측정에서 주입수의 혼합 비율 상승률이 1차 시험에 비해 2차 시험에서 현저히 저하되어 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 인공함양 시스템의 운영이 시간이 흐를수록 그 효율성이 떨어지게 됨을 지시해주는 것이며, 향후 주입수의 수처리 등 사전 관리와 함께 주기적 양수시험, 휴지기 운영 등 사후 관리가 필수적으로 수반되어야 함을 말해 준다. 하천수 주입에 의한 대수층의 수질 개선 효과는 1차 1,210분 주입 시 1일 이상, 2차 14일간 주입 시 4일 혹은 6일 이상 유지됨을 보였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.18-18
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• 2011

Climate change is impacting and will increasingly impact both the quantity and quality of the world's water resources in a variety of ways. In some areas warming climate results in increased rainfall, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge while in others there may be declines in all of these. Water quality is described by a number of variables. Some are directly impacted by climate change. Temperature is an obvious example. Notably, increased atmospheric concentrations of $CO_2$ triggering climate change increase the $CO_2$ dissolving into water. This has manifold consequences including decreased pH and increased alkalinity, with resultant increases in dissolved concentrations of the minerals in geologic materials contacted by such water. Climate change is also expected to increase the number and intensity of extreme climate events, with related hydrologic changes. A simple framework has been developed in New Zealand for assessing and predicting climate change impacts on water resources. Assessment is largely based on trend analysis of historic data using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method. Trend analysis requires long-term, regular monitoring data for both climate and hydrologic variables. Data quality is of primary importance and data gaps must be avoided. Quantitative prediction of climate change impacts on the quantity of water resources can be accomplished by computer modelling. This requires the serial coupling of various models. For example, regional downscaling of results from a world-wide general circulation model (GCM) can be used to forecast temperatures and precipitation for various emissions scenarios in specific catchments. Mechanistic or artificial intelligence modelling can then be used with these inputs to simulate climate change impacts over time, such as changes in streamflow, groundwater-surface water interactions, and changes in groundwater levels. The Waimea Plains catchment in New Zealand was selected for a test application of these assessment and prediction methods. This catchment is predicted to undergo relatively minor impacts due to climate change. All available climate and hydrologic databases were obtained and analyzed. These included climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and sunshine hours, evapotranspiration, humidity, and cloud cover) and hydrologic (streamflow and quality and groundwater levels and quality) records. Results varied but there were indications of atmospheric temperature increasing, rainfall decreasing, streamflow decreasing, and groundwater level decreasing trends. Artificial intelligence modelling was applied to predict water usage, rainfall recharge of groundwater, and upstream flow for two regionally downscaled climate change scenarios (A1B and A2). The AI methods used were multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with extended Kalman filtering (EKF), genetic programming (GP), and a dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modelling system (DNFLMS), respectively. These were then used as inputs to a mechanistic groundwater flow-surface water interaction model (MODFLOW). A DNFLMS was also used to simulate downstream flow and groundwater levels for comparison with MODFLOW outputs. MODFLOW and DNFLMS outputs were consistent. They indicated declines in streamflow on the order of 21 to 23% for MODFLOW and DNFLMS (A1B scenario), respectively, and 27% in both cases for the A2 scenario under severe drought conditions by 2058-2059, with little if any change in groundwater levels.

• 지질공학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2006

대수층 저류 특성을 이용하는 대수층 저장 및 회수(ASR) 기술의 현장 적용성 평가를 위해 화산암 지대인 울릉도 내에 다공성 매질인 부석층으로 이루어진 대수층을 대상으로 양수시험 및 인공수압파쇄시험을 실시하였다. 공내TV검층에서 확인된 GL-13 m와 GL-21 m의 주파쇄대 구간에서 수압파쇄실험을 각각 실시하였고, 또한 수압파쇄 전과 후로 나누어 양수시험을 수행하였다. 사전/사후 양수시험 결과, 충적층이 위치한 GL-13 m 하부에서는 수리적 연결성을 확인할 수 있었으나, 암반층 구간인 GL-21 m 하부에서는 파쇄대의 연결 상태가 다소 불량한 것으로 판단된다. 현장시험 결과를 종합해 보면, 조사지역내 인공함양 적용은 불리한 조건을 가지는 것으로 판단되나, 현장 실험이 특정한 지역에서 이루어져 있기 때문에 울릉도 전반적인 지역 내에 ASR 적용성 평가를 대표할 수 없다. 따라서 울릉도내 전반적인 ASR 적용성 평가를 위해서는 보다 광역적인 실험이 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.831-844
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• 2018

Riverbank Filtration (RBF) is a kind of indirect artificial recharge method and is useful in obtaining higher-quality source water than surface water when procuring municipal water. This study evaluated optimal riverbank filtered water and the productivity of the radial collector wells on Ttansum Island in the area downstream of the Nakdong River, where Gimhae City is constructing a municipal water plant for the purpose of acquiring high-quality water. The RBF wells are planned to provide water to the citizens of Gimhae City through municipal water works. Groundwater flow modeling was performed with the following four scenarios: (a) 9 radial collector wells, (b) 10 radial collector wells, (c) 10 radial collector wells and two additional vertical wells, and (d) 12 radial collector wells. This study can be useful in determineing the optimum production rate of bank filtrated water not only in this study area but also in other places in Korea.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in promotion of the utilization of rainwater. In this paper, we compared qualities of the rainwater collected from the top of vinyl houses to those of precipitated rainwater itself in Jeju Island. The pH of the collected rainwater was acidic and lower than the precipitated one. As a storm progresses, the pH of the collected water gradually increases. Ranges of EC of the precipitated and collected rainwater were 1-118 and $1-475{\mu}S/cm$. Most of Cl and turbidity values of the collected rainwater were less than 20 mg/L and 20 NTU, while those of the precipitated rainwater were less than 10 mg/L and 5 NTU. Differences in qualities between precipitated and collected rainwater indicate that qualities of the collected rainwater should be changed by the first flush effects, and imply that long term continuous monitoring for the qualities of collected rainwater is essential to quantify the first flush phenomenon more accurately.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

Study on effluent organic matter (EfOM) characteristic and removal efficiency is required, because EfOM is important in regard to the stability of effluents reuse, quality issues of artificial recharge and water conservation of aqueous system. UV technology is widely used in wastewater treatment. Many reports have been conducted on microbial disinfection and micro pollutant reduction with UV treatment. However, the study on EfOM with UV has limited because low/medium pressure UV lamp is not sufficient to affect refractory organics. The high intensity of pulsed UV would mineralize EfOM itself as well as change the characteristics of EfOM. Chlorine demand and DBPs formation is affected on the changed amounts and properties of EfOM. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect on EfOM, chlorine residual, and chlorinated DBPs formation with low pressure and pulsed UV treatment. The removal of organic matter through low pressure UV treatment is insignificant effect. Pulsed UV treatment effectively removes/transforms EfOM. As a result, the chlorine consumption is changed and chlorine DBPs formation is decreased. However, excessive UV treatment caused problems of increasing chlorine consumption and generating unknown by-products.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1977-1985
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• 2014

Many countries around the world are amplifying interest and studies on irrigation, flood control and environment with concern on serious water problems. Especially for irrigation in water supply vulnerable areas such as coastal areas - islands, business on underwater resource security facilities are promoted to secure stable water resources due to development of society and increase of life quality. Also, various policies such as reuse of leaking underwater, utilization of underwater at waterfront, and artificial recharge, etc are planned and designed. In order to develop small sized underwater resource secure technology, verification of seawater-freshwater interface is executed and how the balance between these will develop is a great interest of coastal areas - islands. In this study, seawater-freshwater interface behavior analysis experiment was conducted while reflecting properties of coastal areas - islands and executed hydraulic similitude of saltwater intrusion form control technology on abstraction.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.861-870
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• 2020

자갈 입자로 구성된 다공성매질에서는 유속이 증가하여 레이놀즈수가 커지게 되면 흐름은 Darcy의 영역을 벗어나게 된다. 본 연구는 인공함양 유역의 소하천에 설치예정인 돌망태 보의 채움재를 통과하는 비선형적인 흐름특성을 규명하기 위하여 자갈칼럼과 돌망태모형을 이용한 투수실험을 수행하였다. 칼럼실험을 통하여 공극유속과 수리경사의 관계식과 계수를 결정하고, 수리평균반경과의 상관관계식을 제안하였다. 제안식으로 부터 계산된 공극유속과 공극유량은 돌망태모형 투수실험의 측정치와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2008

Infiltration facilities are effective instruments to mitigate flood and can increase base runoff in urban watersheds. In order to analyze effects of infiltration trenches physical model experiments were conducted. The physical model facility consists of two soil tanks, artificial rainfall generators, tensiometers, and piezometers. The experiment was conducted by nine times and each case differed in rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and the type of ground surface. Measured quantities in the experiments are as follows: surface runoff, subsurface runoff, trench pipe runoff, groundwater level, water content, etc. The following resulted from the model experiment: The volume of subsurface runoff at trench watershed was maximum 78.3% compared with rainfall. This value is bigger than that of ordinary rate of subsurface runoff, and shows a groundwater recharge effect of trench. The time of runoff passing through the trench became earlier and the volume of runoff became larger with the increase of inflow into the trench, while trench exfiltration into ground became relatively smaller. The results of this study presented above show that infiltration trenches are effective instruments to increase base runoff during dry periods.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.116-116
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• 2017

지하수 인공함양은 수자원확보 및 비상시 용수를 목적으로 세계적으로 연구 및 프로젝트가 진행되고 있다. 인공함양의 방법에는 여러 가지의 방식이 있지만 본 연구는 관정을 통해 주입하는 ASTR(Aquifer Storage Transfer and Recovery)방법을 이용하여 연구하였다. ASTR이란 지표수를 인공적인 방법으로 대수층에 주입시키고, 일정기간 저장시키거나 유하시킨 후 양수하는 방법이다. 염수로 포화된 피압대수층에 담수를 주입하여 염수를 치환할 수 있는 주입-양수 시스템을 연구하였다. 염수로 포화된 대수층에서 인공함양기술을 성공시키기 위해서는 양수정으로 유입되는 염수비율이 0%을 만족하며, 주입으로 인한 수위상승량은 지반변형을 일으키지 않는 최소한의 값을 가지는 것이다. 본 연구는 앞서 언급한 인공함양기술을 성공시키기 위해 지하수 흐름모델과 최적화 모델을 결합한 최적전산모델을 이용하여 모의하였다. 지하수 흐름모델은 경계면모델을, 최적화 기법은 GA(Genetic Algorithm)을 이용하였다. 구축된 목적함수로는 양수정의 담수비율 최대화, 주입정에서의 수위상승량 최소화 그리고 양수개시시간 최소화로 구성하였다. 제약조건으로는 총 주입량 및 양수량 그리고 주입 및 양수정 개수이다. 서술한 목적함수와 제약조건을 만족하는 주입/양수정의 위치 및 유량을 최적전산모델로부터 얻을 수 있다. 기존 지하수 인공함양 및 개발은 사례별 연구 또는 전문가의 주관적 판단에 의존하는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 최적화 기법을 통해 복수의 관정에서 정량적인 산정이 가능하다. 현재 모델링에 의존한 연구로써 한계가 있지만, 추후 실제현장에 적용하여 모델 검정을 통해 신뢰도를 높이며 지하수 인공함양 개발에 많은 공헌을 할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.