• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2024

미래의 군사 전투 환경은 현재의 군(軍) 인구 감소 및 변화하는 양상에 맞춰 국방 분야에서 인공지능(AI)의 역할과 중요성이 급격히 확대되고 있다. 특히, 민간에서의 AI(Artificial Intelligence) 개발은 OpenAI의 Chat-GPT 등장 이후 초거대 AI(Super-Giant AI, also known as Hyperscale AI), 즉 파운데이션 모델을 기반으로 새로운 영역에서 부상하고 있다. 미국 국방부는 CDAO(Chief Digital and AI Office) 산하의 Task Force Lima를 조직하여 LLM(Large Language Model)과 생성형 AI의 활용 방안에 대한 연구를 진행 중이며, 중국, 이스라엘 등 군사 선진국에서도 초거대 AI를 군에 적용하기 위한 연구를 수행 중이다. 따라서, 우리 군도 무기체계에 초거대 AI 모델의 활용 가능성과 적용분야에 대한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 특화 AI와 초거대 AI(파운데이션 모델, Foundation Model)의 특징 및 장·단점을 비교하고, 무기체계에 적용될 수 있는 초거대 AI의 새로운 적용분야를 발굴하였다. 본 연구는 미래의 적용 분야와 잠재적인 도전과제에 대한 예측과 함께 초거대 인공지능을 국방작전에 효과적으로 통합하기 위한 통찰력을 제공하고, 선진화된 인공지능 시대에서의 국방 정책 개발, 국제 안보 전략을 형성하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.449-449
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• 2011

We reported the direct effect of intrinsic surface energy of dry adhesive material to the Van der Waals and capillary forces contributions of the total adhesion force in an artificial gecko-inspired adhesion system. To mimic the gecko foot we fabricated tilted nanohairy structures using both lithography and ion beam treatment. The nanohairy structures were replicated from Si wafer mold using UV curable polymeric materials. The control of nanohairs slanting angles was based on the uniform linear argon ion irradiation to the nanohairy polymeric surface. The surface energy was studied utilizing subsequent conventional oxygen ion treatment on the nanohairy structures which resulted in gradient surface energy. Our shear adhesion test results were found in good agreement with the accepted Van der Waals and capillary forces theory in the gecko adhesion system. Surface energy would give a direct impact to the effective Hamaker constant in Van der Waals force and the filling angle (${\varphi}$) of water meniscus in capillary force contributions of gecko inspired adhesion system. With the increasing surface energy, the effective Hamaker constant also increased but the filling angle decreased, resulting in a competition between the two forces. Using a simple mathematical model, we compared our experimental results to show the quantitative contributions of Van der Waals and capillary forces in a single adhesion system on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. We found that the Van der Waals force contributes about 82.75% and 89.97% to the total adhesion force on hydrophilic and hydrophobic test surfaces, respectively, while the remaining contribution was occupied by capillary force. We also showed that it is possible to design ultrahigh dry adhesive with adhesion strength of more than 10 times higher than apparent gecko adhesion force by controlling the surface energy and the slanting angle induced-contact line of dry adhesive the materials.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.723-726
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• 2005

The two major obstacles in the application of IPMC to flapping actuators operated in the air are solvent loss and actuation force. In this paper, solvent loss of various IPMCs made of Nafion$^{TM}$117(183$\mu$m thickness) has been experimentally investigated to find out the best combination of cation and solvent for minimal solvent loss in IPMCs and higher actuation force. For this purpose. experiments for the internal solvent loss measurement of IMPCs have been conducted for various combinations of cation and solvent. From the experiments, it was found that heavy water showed improvement in the operating time up to more than two minutes. in the tip force measurement of IPMCs, it was found that smaller and thicker IPMCs produced larger tip forces. However, the shorter IPMCs generated reduced actuation displacements and created flapping motion with decreased natural frequency. For the design of flapping device actuated by 5mm wide, 10mm long, 0.2mm thick IPMCs were used in the stacked form. Since the actuation force is a few gram-force, we stacked five IPMCs to improve actuation force. To amply the actuation force, rack-and-pin ion type hinge was used for the flapping device and insect (Cicadidae) wing was attached to the stacked IPMC actuator. In the flapping test, the device could generate flapping angle of 15$^{\circ}$ at 6Hz excitation by 2.5 voltage square wave input.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 1997

This paper presents a new solution approach to moving obstacle avoidance problem of a robot. A new concept, avoidability measure(AVM) is defined to describe the state of a pair of a robot and an obstacle regarding the collision between them. As an AVM, virtual distance function(VDF) is derived as a function of three state variables: the distance from the obstacle to the robot, outward speed of the obstacle relative to the robot, and outward speed of the robot relative to the obstacle. By keeping the virtual distance above some positive limit value, the robot avoids the obstacle. In terms of the VDF, an artificial potential is constructed to repel the robot away from the obstacle and to attract the robot toward a goal location. At every sampling time, the artificial potential field is updated and the force driving the robot is derived from the gradient of the artificial potential field. The suggested algorithm drives the robot to avoid a moving obstacle in real time. Since the algorithm considers the mobility of the obstacle and robot as well as the distance, it is effective for moving obstacle avoidance. Some simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.205-220
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• 2005

This paper presents the possibilities of adapting artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the dimensionless parameters related to the maximum contact pressures of an elasticity problem. The plane symmetric double receding contact problem for a rigid stamp and two elastic strips having different elastic constants and heights is considered. The external load is applied to the upper elastic strip by means of a rigid stamp and the lower elastic strip is bonded to a rigid support. The problem is solved under the assumptions that the contact between two elastic strips also between the rigid stamp and the upper elastic strip are frictionless, the effect of gravity force is neglected and only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted through the interfaces. A three layered ANN with backpropagation (BP) algorithm is utilized for prediction of the dimensionless parameters related to the maximum contact pressures. Training and testing patterns are formed by using the theory of elasticity with integral transformation technique. ANN predictions and theoretical solutions are compared and seen that ANN predictions are quite close to the theoretical solutions. It is demonstrated that ANNs is a suitable numerical tool and if properly used, can reduce time consumed.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.923-929
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• 2004

In this research, Forced Vibration Test(FVT) on a cable stayed bridge was conducted to examine the validity of the frequency domain pattern recognition method using signal anomaly index and artificial neuralnetwork. 7he considering structure, Samchunpo Bridge, located in Sachun-Shi, Kyungsangnam-Do, is a cable stayed bridge with the 436 meter span. The excitation force was induced by a sudden braking of a fully loaded truck. and vortical acceleration signals were acquired at 14 points. The initial 2-dimensional FE-model was developed from the design documents to prepare the training sets for the artificial neural network, and then the model calibration was performed with the field test data. As a result of the model calibration, we obtained the FFT spectrums from the model simulation, which was similar to those from the vibration test. These tests and the simulation data will be used for the structural identification using arbitrarily added masses to the bridge.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.367-368
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• 2006

Today, the Artificial Intervertebral Disc (AID) is being developed by increasing the oblique of the endplate gradually. In other words, Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) which is apply to the sliding core of the AID, does not change the shape but alters the oblique of endplate. However, the unreasonable increase of degree of freedom (DOF) can result in the aggravation of the bone fusion and the initial stability and it can also lead to the increase of the concentrated force in core. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop the advanced techniques, which choose the most adequate DOF. In this study, the new optimized modeling of the sliding core and the endplate, the fatigue characteristics, the crack propagation and the formation mechanism of wearing debris was studied and the minimizing technique will be derived from this research.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.619-623
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• 2003

In this research, Forced Vibration Test(FVT) on a cable stayed bridge was conducted to examine the validity of the frequency domain pattern recognition method using signal anomaly index and artificial neural network. The considering structure, Samchunpo Bridge, located in Sachun-Shi, Kyungsangnam-Do, is a cable stayed bridge with the 436 meter span. The excitation force was induced by a sudden braking of a fully loaded truck, and vertical acceleration signals were acquired at 14 points. The initial 2-dimensional FE-model was developed from the design documents to prepare the training sets for the artificial neural network, and then the model calibration was performed with the field test data. As a result of the model calibration, we obtained the FFT spectrums from the model simulation, which was similar to those from the vibration test. These tests and the simulation data will be used fur the structural identification using arbitrarily added masses to the bridge.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2009

We have analyzed the biomechanical characteristics of cervical spine after total disc replacement using finite element analysis. A finite element model of C2-C7 spinal motion segment was developed and validated by other experimental studies. Two types of artificial discs, semi-constraint and un-constraint, were inserted at C6-C7 segments. Inferior plane of C7 vertebra was fixed and 1Nm of moment were applied on superior plane of C2 vertebra with 50N of compressive load along follower load direction. Mobility of the cervical spine in which each artificial disc inserted was higher than that of intact one in all loading conditions. Also, high mobility at the surgical level after total disc replacement could lead higher facet joint force and ligaments axial stresses. The results of present study could be used to evaluate surgical option and validate the biomechanical characteristics of the implant in total disc replacement in cervical spine.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to develop a Stability Evaluation System for retaining walls to assess their safety in real-time during excavation. A ground investigation is typically conducted before construction to gather information about the soil properties and predict wall stability. However, these properties may not accurately reflect the actual ground being excavated. To address this issue, the study employed a differential evolution algorithm to estimate the soil parameters of the actual ground. The estimated results were then used as input for an artificial neural network to evaluate the stability of the retaining walls. The study achieved an average accuracy of over 90% in predicting differential settlement, wall displacement, anchor force, and structural stability of the retaining walls. If implemented at actual excavation sites, this approach would enable real-time prediction of wall stability and facilitate effective safety management. Overall, the developed Stability Evaluation System offers a promising solution for ensuring the stability of retaining walls during construction. By incorporating real-time soil parameter analysis, it enhances the accuracy of stability predictions and contributes to proactive safety management in excavation projects.