• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to assess whether the functional regeneration of a lyophilized autografted cartilage could be improved by implanting a vascularized muscle flap into the medullary canal of autografted proximal humerus. A hemijoint reconstruction using a lyophilized osteochondral autograft in proximal humerus was done in 4 rabbits for control, and combined with an vascularized intramedullary muscle flap in another 4 rabbits for the experimental group. Graft healing and the repair process of osteochondral graft were followed by serial radiographs and histologic changes for 9 weeks after experiments. Each two rabbits in control and in experimental group on 5th and 9th week after implantation of hemijoint were sacrified. The results were as follows: 1. All of control and experimental froups on 5th week united solidly on osteotomized site radiologically, but their articular cartilages were destroyed more seriously in the control than that in experimental group with muscle flap on 5th and 9th week after experiment... 2. Histochemically, the cartilage surface are completely destroyed and revealed with severe osteoarthritic changes on all cartilage layers in control, but cartilaginous erosions are mild to moderate and their arthritic changes are also mild with somewhat regeneration of chondrocytes on deep layers more prominetly on 9th week of the experimental group. 3. The amount of collagen and protenized matrix which was determined by Masson-Trichrome stain was markedly decreased that means the weakness of bony strength and low osteogenic potential in lyophilized cartilage. These results suggest that an intramedullary vascularized muscle flap can improve the functional results of lyophilized osteochondral autograft by providing both increased vascularity and populations of mesenchymal cells to initiate new bone formation on osteotomized site as well as the regeneration of deep layers in articular cartilage. In clinical relevances, this lyophilized hemijoint autograft combined with an intramedullary vascularized muscle pedicle graft might be used very effectively for the treatment of malignant long bone tumors to preserve the joint functions, all or partly, and so to replace it with the artificial joint after tumor excision and hemijoint autograft.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 1991

For the quality enhancement of harvested-year leaf tobacco to the quality of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco, cellulose and nicotine degradative bacteria were isolated and identified. Effects of artificial fermentation treated cellulase and nicotine degradative bacteria on the quality of leaf tobacco were investigated from the chemical and sensory points of view. 1, Changes in chemical composition of leaf tobacco resulted from the addition of cellulase extracted from Cellulomonas sp. [3ml(${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ D-glucose/ml. mil-1) of enzymes solution 11009 of leaf tobacco] and nicotine degradative bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. 2ml(IX109 cells$\div$ 100g of leaf tobacco), and subsequently fermented at 40${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^{\circ}C$, 65% R. H. for 40 days are as follows : 1) Content of crude fiber decreased 12% It took 9 min, 53 sec. to reach full combustion in control group but took only 7 min. 47 sec. in the treated group, taking almost equal time to 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco(7 min. 35sec.). 2) Light intensity of control group was 60.96% with bright lemon color but that of treated leaf tobacco accounted for 47.69 with orange to dark brown color series, which was almost equal to the value, 45.69, of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. 3) Linoleic acid, serving mild taste among organic acids, amounted to 1.llmg/g in control group but increased to 1.35m9/9 in the treated leaf tobacco, identical to the content(1.35mg/g) of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. 4) Content of solanone, on of the typical leaf tobacco flavor compounds, accounted for 2.95% in control group but increased to 2.87% in treated group. 5) Methyl furan, useful flavor compound in smoke composition, accounted for 17.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in control group but increased to 25.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in treated group. However, acroleine decreased from 69.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in control group to 58.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/cig. in treated group 2. In sonsory test, mild taste evaluation of control group scored 5.47 and treated group 7.93 which was evaluted almost equal to the value(8.00) of 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco. Aroma evaluation of control group scored 5.60, treated group 8.20, and 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco 8.33. In addition, total harmony taste of control group showed 5.67, treated group 8.07 (p<0.01), and 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco 8.00. From these results, it can be said that quality of treated leaf tobacco is not inferior to that 2-year naturally aged leaf tobacco.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2015

An agarolytic marine bacterium (H9) was isolated from the coastal seawater of the West Sea, South Korea. The isolate, H9, was gram-negative and rod-shaped with a smooth surface and polar flagellum. Cells grew at 20-30℃, between pH 5.0 and 9.0, and in ASW-YP (Artificial Sea Water-Yeast extract, Peptone) media containing 1-5% (w/v) NaCl. The G+C content was 41.56 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain H9 was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids (>10%) were C_16:1ω7c (34.3%), C_16:0 (23.72%), and C_18:1ω7c (13.64%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterization, the strain was designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. H9 (=KCTC23887). In liquid culture supplemented with 0.2% agar, the cell density and agarase activity reached a maximum level of OD = 4.32 (48 h) and OD = 3.87 (24 h), respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the extracellular crude agarases of H9 were 7.0 and 40℃, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of the agarase hydrolysis products revealed that the crude agarases hydrolyze agarose into neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. Therefore, the new agar-degrading strain, H9, can be applicable for the production of valuable neoagarooligosaccharides and for the complete degradation of agar in bio-industries.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1986

Band 3, the predominent 95,000 dalton anion transport protein, is the major intrinsic glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. This anion carrier exists as a dimer and binds the cytoskeletons such as spectrin, ankyrin and actin. And the liposomes are vesicular structures which form spontaneouly upon hydration of phospholipids. These artificial lipid vesicles have been investigated as model of the biological membranes and as a mean of improving the delivery of nucleic acids, drugs, proteins and biological substances to specific target tissues and cells. In this study, we were purified Band 3 from the human erythrocyte membrane(ghost) was prepared by hemolysis of intact human erythrocyte with weak alkali-hypotonic solution. Band 6 was removed from ghost by extracting with solution of an ionic strength of 0.15. Band 3 and Band 4 were solubilized selectively by extracting Band 6-depleted ghosts with Triton X-100 under nondenaturing conditions. Band 3 was then purified from Triton X-100 extract treated with p-chloromercuribenzoate by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. This purified Band 3 was incorporated into liposomes prepared by reverse-phase evaporation. Phosphatidyl L-serine and cholesterol(1 : 1 molar ratio) were dissolved in chloroform and then chloroform was removed by rotatory evaporation under reduced pressure. Band 3 solution without Triton X-100 was introduced into a mixture of lipids and diethylether. Diethylether was subsequently removed by evaporation. This purified Band 3 and its incorporation into liposomes were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2008

One bacterium, which showed strong antagonistic activity against H. pylori KCCM 41756, was isolated from kimchi. The strain NO1 was designated as Lactobacillus plantarum NO1 based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The culture medium $(2{\sim}4{\mu}g/ml)$ of Lb. plantarum NO1 reduced $(40{\sim}60%)$ the urease activity of H. pylori KCCM 41756. Lb. plantarum NO1 inhibited the binding of H. pylori to human gastric cancer cell line, AGS cells, by more than 33%. Lb. plantarum NO1 exhibited high viability (maintained initial viable cell count of $10^9CFU/ml$) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) for 2 h, in artificial gastricjuice for 2 h and in 0.3%, 0.5% oxgall for 24 h. Hemolysis phenomena did not observed when Lb. plantarum NO1 was incubated in the blood agar media. We concluded that Lb. plantarum NO1 can be a good candidate as a probiotic, harboring anti-H. pylori activity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2009

This study has been attempted to generate electricity, while simultaneously treating artificial organic wastewater using both batch and continuous microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In the batch MFC, current-voltage curve showed an onset potential of -0.69 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The potential range between this potential and 0 potential displayed an available voltage for an automatic production of electric energy and glucose, which was oxidized and treated at the same time. The 486 mg/L glucose solution showed the maximum power of $30mW/m^2$ and the maximum current density of $75mA/m^2$ shown in the power curve. As a result, discharging of the cell containing COD 423 mg/L at the constant current density of $60mA/m^2$ showed a continuous electricity generation for about 22 hours that dropped rapidly due to dissipating of organic material. Total electric energy production was 18.0 Wh. While discharging, the pH change was low and dropped from pH 6.53 to 6.20 then increased to 6.47, then stabilized at this charge. The COD treatment efficiency was found to be 72%. In the continuous MFC, COD removal tends to increase as the hydraulic retention time is increased. At one day of hydraulic retention time as the maximum value reaches the COD removal efficiency, power production rate and power production rate per COD removal that were obtained were 68.8%, $14mW/m^2$, and $20.8mW/m^2/g$ CODrm, respectively. In the continuous MFC, the power production rate per COD removal increases as the hydraulic retention time is increased and decreases as the organic loading rate is increased. At the values lower than an organic loading rate of $1kgCOD/m^3/d$, the values higher than about $18.1mW/m^2/g$ CODrm could be obtained.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus known as an one of the major aquacultured species in Korea were exposed to cadmium(Cd) with different protocols and analyzed the effects of exposure on the immune response. Antibody levels in sera of the group exposed to Cd(20ppb) by immersion method from 2 weeks before immuniztion with formalinised Edwardsiella tarda(E. tarda) KFE entigen to the end of experiment reached to peak level faster than that of the non-exposed group. After this peaking time the levels decreased much at a faster rate compared to the non-exposed group. This tendency was also appeared in the numbers of specific antibody secreting cells(SASC) analyzed with the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)-assay technique in the splenocytes of the experimental groups exposed to Cd with different ways. Interestingly, the group exposed to Cd for 2 weeks before immunization also showed increased numbers of SASC unlikely the antibody production and suggested a more critical influence of cadmium exposure in early stage of immune reaction. Artificial infection with live E. tarda KFE induces 100% mortality in the flounder exposed to cadmium throughout the experimental period from two weeks before the immunization. It may imply that some other factors related to specific immunity are involving in the defence system of flounder exposed to Cd. Taked together. Cd exposure may induce temporaily stimulatory or indhibitory effects on the immune reaction, but suppress the physiological systems for the resistant against the infective agents with other toxic effects.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

Benthic diatoms are known as a good food for shellfish in nature and in commercial hatchery of Jeju Island, Korea. Grammatophora marina is commonly found as dominant benthic micro-algae in Jeju coastal waters throughout the year. To know the best growth conditions of this species, culture was done in terms of three parameters; water temperature, salinity and nutrients. Each parameter was controlled by temperature of 15, 20 and 25°C; salinity of 25, 30 and 35 psu; and nutrient concentrations of 50, 100 and 200%. F/2 media was used with artificial seawater for the culture, which was continued for two weeks with L:D cycle 12:12 by using fluorescent light. Maximum specific growth rate was recorded 1.68 d–1 at temperature of 25°C with salinity of 35 psu and nutrient concentration of 200% on 6th day during the culture period. Maximum biomass was also observed 4.9 × 105 cells mL–1 in the same condition. This species may belong to the euryhaline and eutrophic habitat with warm condition. For nutritional aspects of this species, protein, lipid and carbohydrate were measured. The value of protein, lipid and carbohydrate was 4.96%, 15.82% and 5.65%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of 80% methanolic extract were 46.7%, 23.7% and 23.8% on DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylydrazy) radical, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, respectively. Percentage metal chelating activity was 81.2%. Enzymatic extracts of Alcalase and Ultraflow showed remarkable scavenging activities on DPPH radical (86.5% and 57.2%, respectively), and superoxide anion scavenging activities were 45.3% and 41.4% from Kojizyme and Viscozyme extracts, respectively. Extract of Protomex revealed 24.8% activity on hydrogen peroxide and Neutase showed 30.8% on hydroxyl radical scavenging effects. Celluclast and Viscozyme extracts showed 33.2% and 32.1% activities on nitric oxide scavenging, respectively, while Alcalase showed 61.5% on metal chelating. This species contains higher lipids among the biochemical compounds and higher metal chelating activities from both 80% methanolic and enzymatic extracts.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.51-78
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• 2002

A number of research groups worldwide are studying electronic implants that can be mounted on retinal optic nerve/visual cortex to restore vision of patients suffering from retinal degeneration. The implants consist of a neural interface made of biocompatible materials, one or more integrated circuits for stimuli generation, a camera, an image processor, and a telemetric channel. The realization of these classes of neural prosthetic devices is largely due to the explosive development of micro- and nano-electronics technologies in the late $20^{th}$ century and biotechnologies more recently. Animal experiments showed promise and some human experiments are in progress to indicate that recognition of images can be obtained and improved over time. We, at NBS-ERC of SNU, have started our own retinal implant project in 2000. We have selected polyimide as the biomaterial for an epi-retinal stimulator. In-vitro and in-vivo biocompatibility studies have been performed on the electrode arrays. We have obtained good affinity to retinal pigment epithelial cells and no harmful effect. The implant also showed very good stability and safety in rabbit eye for 12 weeks. We have also demonstrated that through proper stimulation of inner retina, meaning vision can be obtained.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD, which is commonly called as Bisroot strain, is being used for functional foods through the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in both humans and animals. The cells of B. polyfermenticus SCD were treated for 24 h in artifical bile after incubation for 2 h in artificial gastric juice and final number of the strain was reached to around $3.3{times}10^7\;CFU/mL$. In test of API ZYM kit, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ or ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was not produced by B. polyfermenticus SCD. B. polyfermenticus SCD was resistant to antibiotics, such as nisin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and rifamycin. B. polyfermenticus SCD was also affected by alcohol concentration up to 4%, but more than 8%, their growth was not affected significantly. Finally, B. polyfermenticus SCD was shown to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 completely within 24 h of incubation, which indicated its bactericidal nature.