• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.173-194
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• 2015

Site response analysis is an important topic in earthquake engineering. A time-domain numerical method called as one-dimensional (1D) finite element artificial boundary method is proposed to simulate the homogeneous plane elastic wave propagation in a layered half space subjected to the obliquely incident plane body wave. In this method, an exact artificial boundary condition combining the absorbing boundary condition with the inputting boundary condition is developed to model the wave absorption and input effects of the truncated half space under layer system. The spatially two-dimensional (2D) problem consisting of the layer system with the artificial boundary condition is transformed equivalently into a 1D one along the vertical direction according to Snell's law. The resulting 1D problem is solved by the finite element method with a new explicit time integration algorithm. The 1D finite element artificial boundary method is verified by analyzing two engineering sites in time domain and by comparing with the frequency-domain transfer matrix method with fast Fourier transform.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.247-261
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• 2017

In the field of dynamic measurement and structural damage identification, it is generally known that modal frequencies may be measured with higher accuracy than mode shapes. However, the number of natural frequencies within a measurable range is limited. Accessing additional forms of modal frequencies is thus desirable. The present study is concerned about the extraction of artificial boundary condition (ABC) frequencies from modal testing. The ABC frequencies correspond to the natural frequencies of the structure with a perturbed boundary condition, but they can be extracted from processing the frequency response functions (FRF) measured in a specific configuration from the structure in its existing state without the need of actually altering the physical support condition. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation into the measurability of the ABC frequencies from physical experiments. It covers the testing procedure through modal testing, the data processing and data analysis requirements, and the FRF matrix operations leading to the extraction of the ABC frequencies. Specific sources of measurement errors and their effects on the accuracy of the extracted ABC frequencies are scrutinised. The extracted ABC frequencies are subsequently applied in the damage identification in beams by means of finite element model updating. Results demonstrate that it is possible to extract the first few ABC frequencies from the modal testing for a variety of artificial boundary conditions incorporating one or two virtual pin supports, and the inclusion of ABC frequencies enables the identification of structural damages without the need to involve the mode shape information.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.698-703
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• 2000

In a computational fluid dynamics, the imposition of open boundary condition has an important part of the accuracy but it is not easy to find the optimal boundary rendition. This difficult is introduced by making artificial boundary in unbounded domairs. Such open boundary requires us to ensure the continuity of all primitive variables because the nature is in continuum. Here we introduce a revised well-conditioned open boundary condition particularly in FEM and apply it to various problems-entrainment, body force, short domains.

• Selected Papers of The Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 1994

This paper deals with the treatment of the open boundary in two-dimensional free-surface wave problems. Two numerical schemes are investigated for the implementation of the open boundary condition. One is to add the artificial damping term to the dynamic free-surface boundary condition, in which the determination of suitable damping coefficient and the damping zone is the most important. The other is a modified Orlanski's method, which is known to be very useful for the uni-directional waves. Using these two schemes, numerical tests have been conducted for a few typical free-surface wave problems. To obtain the numerical solution of the free-surface boundary value problem, the fundamental source-distribution method is used and the fully nonlinear free-surface boundary conditions are applied. The computed results are presented in comparison with those of others for the proof of practicality of these two schemes.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2008년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

탄성파 수치 모형 계산에 있어서 널리 사용되는 엇갈린 격자 방법이 아니라 회전된 엇갈린 격자 방법을 사용하여 탄성파 수치 모사를 수행하였다. 표준 엇갈린 격자 방법에서는 자유 경계조건을 적용하여야 하는 단점이 있지만 회전된 격자 방법에서는 자유 경계조건을 적용할 필요 없이 물성을 부여함으로써 해결될 수 있다. 파동전파에 있어서 유한 경계 조건에서 발생하는 인공 반사파를 제거하기 위하여 최근에 뛰어난 성능을 보이는 PML(Perfectly Matched Layer)법이 많이 적용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 PML보다 성능이 뛰어나기도 하지만 차분에 있어 파동식을 분리할 필요가 없는 CPML(Convolutional Perfectly Matched Layer)법을 회전된 엇갈린 격자법(RSG : Rotatged Staggered Grid)에 적용하고자 하였다. Cerjan법의 감쇠법과 비교한 결과 매우 효과적으로 인공 반사파를 제거할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

실제 매질에서 전파하는 파의 거동을 묘사하기 위하여 탄성파 모델링을 수행한다. 일반적으로 실제매질은 반무한 매질이나 컴퓨터를 이용한 수치모델링에서 반무한 매질을 표현하기는 쉽지 않다. 따라서, 유한한 크기의 모형을 가정하며, 이 경우 모형의 좌우 및 하부 경계는 가상의 경계이므로 이로부터 반사되는 인위적인 반사파들은 적절한 경계조건을 도입하여 제거되어야 한다. 최근 들어 등방성 매질 뿐 아니라 이방성 매질에 대한 연구가 증가하면서 이방성 매질에서의 경계를 적절히 표현해 줄 수 있는 방법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 등방성 매질의 탄성파 모델링에서 가장 많이 이용되는 스펀지 경계조건, Clayton과 Engquist가 제안한 흡수경계조건, Higdon의 흡수경계조건 세 방법을 이방성 매질에 적용할 수 있도록 변형한 후 다양한 포아송의 비를 갖는 모형에 적용함으로써 세 경계조건의 특성을 분석해 보았다. Clayton과 Engquist의 흡수경계조건은 등방성 매질에서 포아송의 비가 클 때 불안정한 모습을 보이는데, 이방성 매질에서도 역시 같은 결과를 보여주었다. 스펀지 경계조건은 등방성 매질과 이방성 매질에서 매우 좋은 결과를 보여주었지만, 컴퓨터 메모리나 계산시간을 고려하였을 때 비효율적이다. 이에 반해 Higdon이 제안한 경계조건은 필요로 하는 컴퓨터 메모리와 계산시간이 적을 뿐 아니라 큰 각도로 입사되는 파에 의해 발생하는 반사파까지 효과적으로 제거하였다. 따라서 포아송의 비가 비교적 크게 나타나는 이방성 매질에서는 계산상의 효율성 등을 고려할 때 Higdon의 흡수경계조건이 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2009

탄성파 수치 모형 계산에 있어서 널리 사용되는 엇갈린 격자 방법이 아니라 회전된 엇갈린 격자 방법을 사용하여 탄성파 수치 모사를 수행하였다. 표준 엇갈린 격자 방법에서는 특별한 자유 경계조건을 적용하여야 하는 단점이 있지만 회전된 격자 방법에서는 물성으로 진공 또는 공기층을 부여함으로써 자유 경계조건을 실현가능하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 파동전파에 있어서 유한 경계 조건에서 발생하는 인공 반사파를 제거하기 위해 PML (Perfectly Matched Layer)의 파동식 분해라는 단점을 극복할 수 있고 좋은 성능을 보이는 CPML (Convolutional Perfectly Matched Layer)법을 회전된 엇갈린 격자법(RSG: Rotatged Staggered Grid)에 적용하였다. 회전된 격자 유한 차분법에서 CPML의 고주파수 흡수 특성과 에너지 흡수율 조사, Cerjan법의 감쇠를 비교한 결과 흡수경계조건으로 좋은 성능을 확인하였다. 유체와 고체의 모형에 대한 경계에 대하여서도 매우 효과적으로 경계면에서 발생하는 반사파를 제거할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2009

In this study, the nonlinear vibrations of stepped beams having different boundary conditions were investigated. The equations of motions were obtained by using Hamilton's principle and made non dimensional. The stretching effect induced non-linear terms to the equations. Natural frequencies are calculated for different boundary conditions, stepped ratios and stepped locations by Newton-Raphson Method. The corresponding nonlinear correction coefficients are also calculated for the fundamental mode. At the second part, an alternative method is produced for the analysis. The calculated natural frequencies and nonlinear corrections are used for training an artificial neural network (ANN) program which has a multi-layer, feed-forward, back-propagation algorithm. The results of the algorithm produce errors less than 2.5% for linear case and 10.12% for nonlinear case. The errors are much lower for most cases except clamped-clamped end condition. By employing the ANN algorithm, the natural frequencies and nonlinear corrections are easily calculated by little errors, and the computational time is drastically reduced compared with the conventional numerical techniques.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2017

The earthquake input is required when the soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis is performed by the direct finite element method. In this paper, the earthquake is considered as the obliquely incident plane body wave arising from the truncated linearly elastic layered half space. An earthquake input method is developed for the time-domain three-dimensional SSI analysis. It consists of a new site response analysis method for free field and the viscous-spring artificial boundary condition for scattered field. The proposed earthquake input method can be implemented in the process of building finite element model of commercial software. It can result in the highly accurate solution by using a relatively small SSI model. The initial condition is considered for the nonlinear SSI analysis. The Daikai subway station is analyzed as an example. The effectiveness of the proposed earthquake input method is verified. The effect of the obliquely incident earthquake is studied.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.481-488
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• 2003

A fluid-structure-isolator interaction program was developed in this study. The behavior of liquid regions are simulated by the boundary element method, and then the technique of analyzing the free surface motion in time domain is developed by using the nonlinear free surface boundary condition(NFBC) and the condition of interface between the structure and the fluid. Structure regions are modeled by the finite element method. In order to construct the governing equation of the fluid structure interaction(FSI)problem in time domain, the finite elements for a structure and boundary elements for liquid are coupled using the equilibrium condition, the compatibility condition and NFBC. The isolator is simulated by equation proposedin 3D Basis Me. In order to verify the validity and the applicability of the developed fluid- structure -Isolator interaction program, The horizontal forced vibration analysis was performed. The applicability of the developed method is verified through the artificial seismic analysis of real size liquid storage tank.