• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.589-595
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• 2011

In order to analyze principles of taking concoction and make clear the origin of contraindication against five pungent vegetables, the regulations of Guizhitang prescription in "Shanghanlun" the twelfth article and "Wushierbingfang", "Wuweihandaiyijian", "Jinguiyaolue" were researched. Four principles of taking concoction were put in order; strengthening the effect of concoction by eating hot rice gruel and wearing bedclothes, preventing decline of drug effect by food regulations, optimization of elution and effect of material herbs by crushing, low heating, determination of administration time based on manifestations of drug effect by sweating and its aspect. These principles and methods of taking concoctions were developed from boiling to simple processing of material herbs, contraindication in the middle of taking concoction and perspiration by wearing bedclothes and eating hot rice gruel in order from the analysis of medical literatures. The contraindication against pungent vegetables were generalized in early Dong-Han dynasty already, and the five pungent vegetables were inferred as Allium tuberosum, Allium bakeri regel, spring onion, wild rocambole and garlic in medical context to the exclusion of religious idea. The reason of prohibition against five pungent vegetables could be interpreted as optimization of therapeutic effects by pharmacological control of pungent ingredients because the healthy qi damage and evil qi retention were resulted from destroying of harmonious ying and wei by overeating pungent vegetables during disease state. Conclusively the regulations of Guizhitang prescription referred to taking concoction in "Shanghanlun" fulfilled their functions to maximize pharmacological effects through various ways inside and outside and these reasonal principles of taking concoction has been influenced over the traditional medical practice deeply.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2009

Bioequivalence (BE) studies provide important information in the overall set of data that ensure the availability of safe and effective medicines to patients and practitioners. Thus its determination of proper criterion for assessing BE is very important. BE is frequently expressed or measured by estimating area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration ($C_{max}$) that are reflective of systemic exposure. In all countries except Canada, the acceptance criteria of BE is that the 90% confidence interval of difference in the average values of logarithmic AUC and $C_{max}$ between test and reference products is within the acceptable range of log(0.8) ${\sim}$ log(1.25). In Canada, unlike other countries, point estimation instead of applying 90% confidence interval is applied to assess $C_{max}$ which is, in essence, more variable than AUC. We also compared other parts of BE guidelines which include a fed study, average BE (ABE), scaled-ABE, population BE (PBE), individual BE (IBE), dropout & withdrawal, sampling frequency & time and number of subjects. This article reviews the most recent BE guidelines of Korea, USA, Europe, Canada and Japan, highlighting the differences focused on Korean BE guidelines compared to other countries. It will help us to revise BE guideline of Korea reflecting international trends. Finally, it is strongly recommended that the extended acceptance criterion for the highly variable drug among all the considering aspects for the revision of current BE guideline has to be adopted into Korea BE guideline in the nearest future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2012

This article presents an evaluation of the effects of coating conditions on the enteric coating quality of soft gelatin capsules containing Omega-3 fatty acids. Three conditions were controlled: concentration of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (6, 8, and 10 wt% in solution), temperature of the inlet air (32, 35, and $38^{\circ}C$), and the coating solution feed rate (7.5, 11.25, and 15.0 g/min). The transparency of the enteric coated soft gelatin capsules was evaluated by measuring the degree of whiteness of the surface using a spectrophotometer. Results showed that the most important parameter in the enteric coating process was the coating solution feed rate. As the coating solution feed rate decreased and inlet air temperature increased, the degree of whiteness of coating surfaces decreased. We also evaluated the disintegration properties of the enteric coated capsules in accordance with the Korea Health Functional Food Code.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2000

This article was trying to suggest an agenda and alternatives of home health care policy for the future home care growth and development and examine the significance of new health care law and regulations. In addition. It was to analyze and drive the home care system problems. of which was made an announcement on the 11th of April. that home health care project must be centered from the nationwide general hospital. As we have learned from the developed countries, the home health care have been closely related health care policy among the field of nursing area. Therefore. we need to understand our national health care policy and need to predict the future direction and goal of our home health care policy in order to enhance the growth and activation of health care system. Additionally. we also need to have a vision and ability to develop under our own health care policy with systematic and rational home care business escaping from past perspective and standpoint. We must create a master plan of home care system to fulfill one part of system of the function and an important role in order to pursue an advanced health care plan under our system. For instance. in the 21th century as we establish a master plan for the growth of our country home care plan with improving plan systematically and also we need to produce many highly qualified researching and good personal who can develop and maintain the system efficiently. Specially. based on the unique characteristics of our health care system and the direction of development of plan, we need to find and correct the problems which we have faced the present time, so that we can provide and reach the goal of advanced health care system which our government want to pursue. Finally. we have to strive our best effort to make our home health care system can be positioned and stand the right direction to have the benefit for every individual citizen in our country.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.25-45
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• 2003

Sling exercise treatment(S-E-T) is a therapeutic exercise based on scientific studies for the purpose of treating musculoskeletal or neurological disorders thereby improving strength, endurance, and skills for sensory-motor integration. Exercise resistance and intensity can be modified in various ways by changing the length of rope, patient position, therapist's manual resistance, and using elastic rope. The therapist can also progress to successively higher levels of exercise resistance and intensity by changing the position of the hanging point: the subject of this article. In brief, there are three axial components in S-E-T; hanging point, motor axis, and suspension point. The hanging point can be changed in several ways in relation to the joint; axial, superior, inferior, medial, and posterior hanging points. The position of the hanging point affects the amount of load on agonist and antagonist muscles as well as on the range of motion. To create an advanced exercise program, selection of hanging point can be two-dimensional such as superior-lateral or anterior-medial. Therapists, therefore, can freely but carefully select the best hanging point based on the purpose of the exercise and their level of knowledge in S-E-T.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the trends in research studies published in Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing from 2009 to 2011. Methods: A total of 156 studies published between 2009 and 2011 were reviewed using analysis criteria developed by the researchers. Results: Quantitative studies accounted for 90.4% and qualitative studies, 8.3%. The research designs for the quantitative studies were experimental, 28.0% and survey, 63.8%. IRB approval was received for only 25.6% of the studies and 61.0% of studies presented participant criteria. Questionnaires were used for data collection in 90.8% of studies. Individual or group education was the most frequent intervention in the experimental studies. Conclusion: The results indicate that more randomized controlled trials with a low risk of bias are needed to support greater evidence-based nursing practice. Considering the low rate of ethical consideration, it is important that stricter application of research methods needs to be encouraged to improve the quality of Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2009

Dryland species and ecosystems have developed unique strategies to cope with low and sporadic rainfall. They are highly resilient and recover quickly from prevailing disturbances such as fires, herbivore pressure and drought. Dryland people have engineered pastoral and farming systems, which are adapted to these conditions and have sustained the livelihoods of dryland people for centuries. In this article, we present the status of potentials and threats to dryland biodiversity and explore options for its conservation and sustainable use. Findings of the research can be summarized as follows: (i) The ecosystem goods and services are highly valued by the community but mechanism for wise use of the resources has disappeared, (ii) forests are under the ownership of the government but the local community is the realistic custodian of the forests through village leaderships and environmental committees; (iii) the immediate major threat to dryland biodiversity held in the forests appears to be the degradation of ecosystems and habitats caused by new and powerful forces of environmental degradation such as large scale irrigation of rice farms, poverty-induced overexploitation of natural resources, and disappearance and ignorance of traditional institutions for management of dryland biodiversity. These new forms of disturbances often overpower the legendary resilience of dryland ecosystems and constitute potentially serious threats to dryland biodiversity. Forests, wetlands and oases all of which are micro hot spots of dryland biodiversity, appear to be particularly vulnerable hence the need to set up some rules and regulations for sustainable utilization of these resources.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2008

Objective: The aim for this article was to evaluate and to clarify the current opinions of the registered pharmacists concerning their recognition and adoption rates about introducing the preceptorship into the clinical pharmacy internship and clerkship. Methods: A 25-question-questionnaire was developed and pilot tested. For 40 days of survey by both on-line and on site, 90 over 240 (37.5%) registered pharmacists responded and the data were analyzed with comparison to the groups working in community and hospital pharmacies. Results: The overall answers were affirmative and the respondents were very interested in the application of the clinical preceptorship to the pharmacy educational and to their clinical settings. Moreover, the qualification level and the implementation methods were proposed in detail. Conclusion: Although ninety pharmacists showed their views differently, most of the respondents regarded the preceptorship as an adequate training system for the pharmacy students as well as junior pharmacists at the time of initiation of the new 6-year pharmacy education system in Korea.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.160-168
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• 1992

Ameloblastoma is an aggressive but benign epithelial neoplasm of odontogenic origin, and the occurrence of odontogenic epithelium in the wall of a dentigerous cyst is well-known entity. The presence of ameloblastic proliferation in the walls of odontogenic cysts has been reported for many years. Cahn in 1933 described a case in which he considered an ameloblastoma to have originated in a dentigerous cyst, and numerous other cases of ameloblastomatous proliferation have since been reported. In 1977, Robinson and Martinez described a distinct variant of ameloblastoma in which the response to curettage was found to be favorable with a recurrence rate of 25%. The gross and microscopic features indicated that this variant vas associated with a large cystic cavity with either luminal or mural proliferation of ameloblastic tumor cells, and they referred to this variant as unicystic ameloblastoma. Unicystic ameloblastoma occurs most commonly in the second and third decades of life, which is considerably younger than the average age of discovery for the classical ameloblastoma. For the accurate histopathological diagnosis of the unicystic ameloblastoma, the specimen obtained the excisional biopsy, complete enucleation or incisional biopsy from the multiple site of the lesion. This article provides histopathologic evidence of multilocular unicystic ameloblastoma in which ameloblastic tissue was associated with a dentigerous cyst that was found in a 31-year-old female, and complete radiographic, photographic, and microscopic documentation is presented.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.10-25
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• 2018

The 5GCHAMPION Europe-Korea collaborative project provides the first fully-integrated and operational 5G prototype in 2018, in conjunction with the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. The corresponding technological advances comprise both an evolution and optimization of existing technological solutions and disruptive new features, which substantially outpace previous generations of technology. In this article, we focus on a subset of three disruptive technological solutions developed and experimented on by 5GCHAMPION during the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games: high speed communications, direct satellite-user equipment communications, and post-sale evolution of wireless equipment through software reconfiguration. Evaluating effectiveness and performing trials for these key 5G features permit us to learn about the actual maturity of 5G technology prototyping and the potential of new 5G services for vertical markets and end user enhanced experience two years before the launch of large-scale 5G services.