• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.234-241
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• 2016

The approach presented in this article refers to the bioanalytical method validation for the detection and quantitative determination of arsenic species including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS). The arsenic species were separated using an agilent As speciation column by a mobile phase of 2 mM sodium phosphate monobasic, 0.2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate, 10 mM sodium acetate, 3 mM sodium nitrate and 1 % ethyl alcohol at pH 11 (adjusted with 1M NaOH). The method validation experiment was obtained selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, system suitability, dilution integrity and various stabilities. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R²>0.999) within test ranges. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL for As(III), As(V) and DMA, and 20 ng/mL for MMA. The system suitability and dilution values were within 6.5 % and 7.7 %. Subsequently, the developed and validated HPLC-ICP/MS method was also successfully applied to determine the arsenic speciation in dog plasma samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 91.5–102.2 %. Therefore, this method could be applied to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies in biological samples.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 2007

We studied concentration of heavy metals in Sagunjatang. In this experiment was analyzed the concentration of heavy metals of boiled Sagunjatang, decoction and its ingredient herbal medicines. The concentration of heavy metals(As, Pb, and Cd) were analysed using ICP-AES, and Hg was analysed by mercury analyzer. The average concentration of heavy metals in Sagunjatang were as follows : In all ingredient herbal medicines (Glycyrrhizae Radix, Atractylodes Macrocephala, Poria Cocos and Jinseng) of Sagunjatang, As(arsenite) contents in ail samples was in the range of 0.369-0.723ppm, Cd(cadmium) was in the range of 0.000-0.085ppm, Pb(lead) was in the range of 0.059-0.871ppm and Hg(mercury) was in the range of 0.001-0.004ppm. In boiled Sagunjatang, the concentration of heavy metals(As, Pb, Cd and Hg) was in the range of 0.000-0.016ppm, respectively. In the decoction of herbal medicines after boiled, the concentration of heavy metals was in the range of 0.004-0.387ppm. These results suggest that Sagunjatang which we take is less harmful than herbal medicine itself, and there are more significant for using the decoction of herbal medicines.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.19.1-19.10
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• 2014

Objectives Lysosome is the cell-organelle which is commonly used as biomonitoring tool in environmental pollution. In this study, the lysosomal proteomic of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed for utilization in the detection of toxic substances in mine water samples. Methods This work informs the expression of lysosomal proteomic in yeast in response with toxic chemicals, such as sodium meta-arsenite and tetracycline, for screening specific biomarkers. After that, a recombinant yeast contained this biomarker were constructed for toxic detection in pure toxic chemicals and mine water samples. Results Each chemical had an optimal dose at which the fluorescent protein intensity reached the peak. In the case of water samples, the yeast showed the response with sample 1, 3, 4, and 5; whereas there is no response with sample 2, 6, and 7. Conclusions The recombinant yeast showed a high ability of toxic detection in response with several chemicals such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. In the case of mine water samples, the response varied depending on the sample content.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.593-598
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• 2004

The arsenical resistance (ars) operon was cloned from a 67-kilobase pair (kb) plasmid, which was previously shown to be responsible for arsenic salts resistance in K. oxytoca D12. When plasmid pAE48, carrying the ars operon, was transformed into E. coli, transformed cells displayed enhanced survival in the presence of 4 mM arsenite, 50 mM arsenate, or 0.4 mM antimonite. The nucleotide sequence of the 5.6-kb fragment encoding arsenical resistance revealed five open reading frames (ORFs), which were predicted to encode polypeptides of 12.8 (arsR), 13.4 (arsD), 62.6 (arsA), 45 (arsB), and 16.7 (arse) kilodaltons (kDa). Each ORF was preceded by a ribosome binding site. A putative promoter-like sequence was identified upstream of arsR, and a possible termination site was found downstream of arsC. When the deduced amino acid sequences of the K. oxytoca Dl2 Ars proteins were compared with the amino acid sequences of the E. coli R773 Ars proteins, a significant amino acid similarity was observed (87.9％ for ArsR, 89.2％ for ArsD, 83.2％ for ArsA, 92.6％ for ArsB, and 91.3％ for ArsC), suggesting an evolutionary relationship of the ars genes of E. coli plasmid R773 and K. oxytoca Dl2.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of arsenite and arsenate using composite adsorbents with various mixing ratio of recycled aluminum oxides and $TiO_2$. From batch adsorption experiments, while the removal of As(III) was almost same with 4 different composite samples in the entire pH range, the removal of As(V) was substantially increased as the weight ratio of $TiO_2$ in composite samples reduced and showed anionic adsorption characteristics. Both adsorption of As (III) and As(V) on composite samples followed pseudo-second-order adsorption equation and C-3 showed faster reaction rate for the removal of arsenic. From the adsorption isotherm experiments, Langmuir isotherm explained well and the maximum adsorption capacities of arsenic were obtained with C-1.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.449-454
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• 2016

Stress Granules (SGs) are microscopically visible, phase dense aggregates of translationally stalled messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes formed in response to distinct stress conditions. It is generally considered that SG formation is induced to protect cells from conditions of stress. The precise constituents of SGs and the mechanism through which SGs are dynamically regulated in response to stress are not completely understood. Hence, it is important to identify proteins which regulate SG assembly and disassembly. In the present study, we report Neuregulin-2 (NRG2) as a novel component of SGs; furthermore, depletion of NRG2 potently inhibits SG formation. We also demonstrate that NRG2 specifically localizes to SGs under various stress conditions. Knockdown of NRG2 has no effect on stress-induced polysome disassembly, suggesting that the component does not influence early step of SG formation. It was also observed that reduced expression of NRG2 led to marginal increase in cell survival under arsenite-induced stress.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2013

This research focused on the effects of heavy metals on the biomonitoring activity of genetically engineered bioluminescent bacteria, Pseudomonas putida mt-2 KG1206. KG1206 was exposed to single or binary mixtures of different heavy metals as well as soils contaminated with heavy metals. In case of single exposure with different inducer pollutant, the toxicity order was as followings : As(III) > Cd, As(V) >> Cu, Cr(VI). The toxic effects of the binary mixtures was compared to the expected effect based on a simple theory of probabilities. The interactive effects were mostly additive, while in few cases antgonistic and synergistic mode of action was observed for some concentration combinations. No considerable correlation was found between the total metal contents in soils and the bioluminescence activity of each sample. However, statistically significant differences (p = 0.0102) were observed between two groups, classified based on arsenite contamination. These results demonstrate the usage of recombinant bioluminescent microorganism in biomonitoring and the complex interactive effects of metals.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.9-28
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• 2004

Concern about arsenic is increasing throughout the world, including areas of the United States. Elevated levels of arsenic above current drinking-water regulations in ground and surface water can be the result of purely natural phenomena, but often are due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining and agriculture. The current study correlates arsenic speciation in acid mine drainage and mining influenced water with the important water-chemistry properties Eh, pH, and iron(III) concentration. The results show that arsenic speciation is generally in equilibrium with iron chemistry in low pH AMD, which is often not the case in other natural-water matrices. High pH mine waters and groundwater do not 짐ways hold to the redox predictions as well as low pH AMD samples. The oxidation and precipitation of oxyhydroxides depletes iron from some systems, and this also affects arsenite and arsenate concentrations differently through sorption processes.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.95-104
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• 1998

INTRODUCTION : Arsenic is a ubiquitous element present in various compounds throughout the earth's crust. The use of arsenic compounds increased greatly during the 18th and 19th centuries, including its use in pigments and dyes, as a preservative of animal hides, in glass manufacture, agricultural pesticides, and various pharmaceutical substances. The causal association between human arsenic exposure, usually in the form of inorganic compounds containing trivalent arsenite (As$^{III}$) or pentavalent arsenate (As$^V$), and various forms of human cancer has been known for many years.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.469-482
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• 2006

The term 'heat shock protein (Hsps)' was derived from the fact that these proteins were initially discovered to be induced by hyperthermic conditions. In response to a range of stressful stimuli, including hyperthermia, immobilization, UV radiation, amino acid analogues, arsenite, various chemicals, and drugs the mammalian brain demonstrates a rapid and intense induction of the heat shock protein. Moreover, Hsps were expressed on the various pathological conditions including trauma, focal or global ischemia, hypoxia, infarction, infections, starvation, and anoxia. Especially, Hsp25 has a protective activity, facilitated by the ability of the protein to decrease the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as its chaperone activity, which favors the degradation of oxidized proteins. Recently, it has clearly demonstrated that Hsp25 is constitutively expressed in the adult mouse cerebellum by parasagittal bands of purkinje cells in three distinct regions, the central zone (lobule VI-VII) and nodular zone (lobule IX-X), and paraflocculus. The Mongolian gerbil has been introduced into stroke study model because of its unique brain vasculature. There are no significant connections between the basilarvertebral system and the carotid system. This anatomy feature renders the mongolian gerbil susceptible to forebrain ischemia-induced seizure. The present study is designed to examine the pattern of Hsp25 expression in the cerebellum of this animal in comparison with that in mouse.