• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 1969

Flourination of Ethyl, ${\alpha},{\beta$}-dichloro-${\beta$}-phenyl propionate, Ethyl ${\alpha},{\beta$}-dibromo ${\beta$}-phenyl propionate, Ethyl ${\alpha},{\beta$}-dichloro ${\beta$}-(p-chloro-phenyl) propionate, and dibromostyrene by potassium fluoride were investigated in presence of dimethyl formamide, diethylene glycol, and diethylene glycol monomethyl-ether. The reactivity of these organic halogen esters and hydrocarbons towards potassium fluoride was checked further by means of radioactive fluorine-18. tracer. Generally, the reaction gave monofluoride together with dehalogenated olefin. The formation of olefine was increased when the reaction was done at high reaction temperature in presence of diethylene glycol, whereas the lower reaction temperature in presence of diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether favored the formation of mono fluoride in a good yield. The procedures and methods of the identification of monofluorides were described and the feasibility of this reaction of fluorine containing ester including the F-18 labelled compounds was discussed.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.180-188
• /
• 2004

CYP1A1 is known to be inducible by xenobiotic compouds such as polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD). These chemicals have been identified worldwide and can have a significant impact on the human health and well being of human and wildlife. Given these issues, the detection and quantification of these chemicals in biological, environmental and food samples is important. We investigated the effect of dietaty flavonoid, such as CYP1A1 promoter activity, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) activity and CYP1A1 mRNA expression induced by benzo(k)fluoranthene(B(k)F) in MCF-7 cells. Based on the three criteria of frequency of occurrence in the environment, toxicity and potential exposure to humans, B(k)F is one of the top-listed PAHs. We found that B(k)F significantly up-regulates the level of CYP1A1 promoter activity, EROD and CYP1A1 mRNA. when cells were treated with daidzein inhibited the B(k)-induced CYP1A1 prompter activity and mRNA level at high concentration. But daidzein exhibited stimulatory effects B(k)F-induced CYP1A1 promoter activity and mRNA level at low concentration. Overall, results from these studies demonstrate flavonoids might interfere the action of B(k) with AhR system to stimulate CYP1A1 gene expression.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2004

We investigated the effect of dietaty flavonoid, such as CYP1A1 promoter activity, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) activity and CYP1A1 mRNA expression induced by benzo(k)fluoranthene(B(k)F) in MCF-7 cells. Based on the three criteria of frequency of occurrence in the environment, toxicity and potential exposure to humans, B(k)F is one of the top-listed PAHs. We found that B(k)F significantly up-regulates the level of CYP1A1 promoter activity, EROD and CYP1A1 mRNA. When cells were treated with morin alonem, it was not changed that EROD and CYP1A1 mRNA, compared to that of control. However, morin inhibited the B(k)-induced CYP1A1 prompter activity and mRNA level at high concentration. But morin exhibited stimulatory effects B(k)F-induced CYP1A1 promoter activity and mRNA level at low concentration. Overall, results from these studies demonstrate morin might interfere the action of B(k) with AhR system to stimulate CYP1A1 gene expression. CYP1A1 is known to be inducible by xenobiotic compouds such as polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD). These chemicals have been identified worldwide and can have a significant impact on the human health and well being of human and wildlife. Given these issues, the detection and quantification of these chemicals in biological, environmental and food samples is important.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to clarify effects of long term, low-level monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure (MAHs) such as styrene, toluene and xylene on physiological levels of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP) and these hormones influences diagnosis indices of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Blood pressure and serum biochemical parameters were measured using digital sphygmomanometer and autochemical analyzer. EP and NEP were analyzed by using ELISA kit and exposure level of MAHs was measured by NIOSH method. Results: The differences of general characteristics such as age, smoking and drinking habits in both groups were not significantly different except working hours per day. In exposed workers, exposure levels of MAHs showed very low concentrations. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in exposed group, but concentration of NEP was significantly higher in control group. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the diagnosis indices of MetS, EP was WC (OR=0.970), NEP was blood pressure (OR=1.002) and MAHs exposure were significantly associated with HDL-cholesterol (OR=0.257), fasting glucose (OR=3.028) and MetS (OR=0.372). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the chronic exposure of low level MAHs maycontribute to glucose metabolism and induction of MetS. And also, changes of EP and NEP levels by exposure of MAHs affect blood pressure.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.11-11
• /
• 2016

Penicillium species are commonly isolated from various outdoor and indoor environments, including marine environments such as sponges, algae and sand. Penicillium is especially important because numerous bioactive compounds have been isolated. Penicillium was the most common species in intertidal zone in Korea, however the diversity and ecological roles of Penicillium in intertidal zone are not clarified. We explored diversity and ecological roles of marine-derived Penicillium from tidal flat and sea sand in Korea. The diversity of marine-derived Penicillium from Korea was investigated using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approach by ${\beta}$-tubulin sequence. In addition, we evaluated optimal temperature, halo-tolerance, and enzyme activity of Penicillium strains, such as extracellular alginase, endoglucanase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and protease. For culture-dependent approach, a total of 182 strains of 62 Penicillium species were isolated, with 53 species being identified. The most common species was Penicillium oxalicum, followed by P. crustosum, P. brasilianum, P. koreense, and P. griseofulvum. Species richness and composition were not significantly different by season, substrates, and seaside. For culture-independent approach using Illumina sequencing, 73 OTUSs were detected. The most frequently observed species was P. antarcticum, followed by P. koreense, P. crustosum, and P. brevicompactum. Diversity of Penicillium was higher during winter season than during summer season and in western sea than in southern sea, respectively. Community structure was significantly different by season and sea side. 52 species were detected by both methods. Unique species were isolated from each of methods - 10 from culture methods and 21 from Illumina sequencing. Furthermore, salinity adaption of the Penicillium varied depending on species. Many Penicillium species showed endoglucanase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and protease activity. Some species including P. paneum and P. javanicum degraded the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, our results demonstrate that intertidal zone in Korea harbors diverse Penicillium community and marine-derived Penicillium play important ecological roles as decomposers of organic material in marine environments.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 1987

Three strains of bacteria utilizing salicylate, KU801(pKU5, pKU8), KU803(pKU6, pKU9), and KU806(pKU7, pKU10), were selected from the isolates and identified as Pseudomonas putida. By agarose gel electrophoresis, it was found that the strains had two plasmids each. All three strains were resistant to antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracyclin, and chloramphenicol, and did not utilize other aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons examined except salicylate. The plasmids (pKU5, pKU6, and pKU7) of larger molecular weight were cured by treatment with mitomycin C and frequencies of curing were 0.4%, 1.67%, and 0.75%, respectively. Cured strains did not degrade salicylate and still had antibiotic resistances, which were identical with wild strains. The genes for salicylate degradation were proved to be enclded on thier plasmids. The molecular weights of pKU5 and pKU6 were estimated as 103.5Md, and that of pKU 7 as 101 Md. The new SAL plasmids, pKU5, pKU6, and pKU7 were transferred to P. putida and P. aeruginosa, but not to E. coli.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.264-269
• /
• 1998

Commamonas acidovorans SMN4 showed wide growth substrate spectra for various aromatic hydrocarbons. Strain SMN4 was able to grow on biphenyl producing a meta-cleavage compound, yellow 2-hydroxy-6-oxophenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid with a spray of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, while it also grew on catechol, developing yellow 2- hydroxymucoic semialdehyde with a spray of 100 mM catechol. Thus these results indicate that two-ring structures of biphenyl were cleaved by meta-mode in upper and lower pathways. Strain SMN4 metabolized various substituted biphenyl compounds and xylene to the corresponding benzoate derivatives through oxidation of the ring structures. It was clearly shown that biphenyl can be a common inducer in the oxidation of biphenyl and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. Various compounds were examined for their suitability to serve as substrates for indole oxidation, indicating that biphenyl, benzoate, and succinate are quite good inducers of indigo production due to the activity of biphenyl dioxygenase. This results suggest that indigo formation is by means of the combined activities of biphenyl dioxygenase and tryptophanase.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.7.1-7.9
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between crude oil exposure and physical symptoms among residents participating in clean-up work associated with the Hebei Spirit oil spill, 2007 in Korea. Methods: A total of 288 residents responded to a questionnaire regarding subjective physical symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics and clean-up activities that occurred between two and eight weeks after the accident. Additionally, the urine of 154 of the respondents was analyzed for metabolites of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. To compare the urinary levels of exposure biomarkers, the urine of 39 inland residents who were not directly exposed to the oil spill were analyzed. Results: Residents exposed to oil remnants through clean-up work showed associations between physical symptoms and the exposure levels defined in various ways, including days of work, degree of skin contamination, and levels of some urinary exposure biomarkers of VOCs, metabolites and metals, although no major abnormalities in urinary exposure biomarkers were observed. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a relationship between crude oil exposure and acute human health effects and suggests the need for follow-up to evaluate the exposure status and long-term health effects of clean-up participants.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.20-30
• /
• 2012

In case of analyzing PAHs (EPA 16 compounds) in oil-contaminated soils, the lump of peaks may occur because of the aliphatic and polar compounds in oil. This phenomenon is due to the lower accuracy of the analysis. To solve this problem, evaluation of application of silicagel-alumina multi-layer fraction was performed using standard substances and oil-contaminated soils. As a result of application of silicagel-alumina multi-layer fraction cleanup method using standard substances, recovery rates of surrogate standards (5 compounds including Naphthalene-d8) were 83~100% and those of target standards were 75~129%. These were to meet the target values (60~130%) in this study. When used 4% water-silicagel column analyze PAHs in oil-contaminated soils, Some problems were generated for quantitative analysis of PAHs; concentration of PAHs was underestimated due to an upward baseline of internal standard (recovery rate: less than 60%) and overestimated by the lump of peaks which were not purified (the biggest recovery rate: more than 400%). On the other hand, in case of silicagel-alumina multi-layer fraction cleanup method, recovery rate of surrogate standards were 61~101.6%. Therefore this cleanup method was considered a valid method to improve accuracy of analysis of PAHs in oil-contaminated soils.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2009

TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons elicit a diverse spectrum of biochemical and toxic responses in laboratory animals and mammalian cells in culture. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of TCDD is well established but the molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, we found the noble responsive genes to TCDD using the differential display analysis. Treatment of HepG2 cells with TCDD showed a significantly different mRNA expression pattern from the untreated cells in differential display analysis. The differentially displayed bands were isolated and used as probes in dot blot and Northern blot analyses. Of thirty-five isolated differentially displayed bands, only two bands were confirmed as positive in dot blot and Northern blot analyses. The nucleotides sequences of these clones were analyzed and the search of Genebank database revealed that one clone is highly homologous with RanBP2 (Ras-related nuclear protein binding protein2; 92%) and the other is an unknown gene. RanBP2 is a nucleoporin with SUMO E3 ligase activity that functions in both nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitosis and its role as a novel tumor suppressor has been recently proposed. Thus, these results may suggest the clue elucidating the toxic mechanism of TCDD through RanBP2.