• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.120-125
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• 1998

A plasmid pNPG contains a genomic DNA complementing npgA1 which is located on the left arm of linkage group I. It transformed Aspergillus nidulans at a high frequency. No abortive transformants were observed and the $Trp^+$ transformants were all $Npg^+$. The 10.4 kb Psti fragment of the genomic DNA was subcloned into pILJ16, which increased the transformation efficiency by more than 200-folds. The transformants were mitotically unstable and yielded $Arg^-$ conidia at the frequency of more than 80%. An additional gene cloned into the plasmid containing the fragment was always lost with $argB^+$ marker. These characteristics strongly indicate the possibility that the plasmids autonomously replicate. The full activity of enhanced transformation was retained on the 4.9 kb EcoRI-HaeIII fragment. The DNA segment was similar to AMA1 rather than ANS1 in function and designated AMA2.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.825-837
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• 2017

This paper describes a novel type of a walking rehabilitation robot that applies robot technologies to crutches used by patients with walking difficulties in the lower body. The primary features of the developed robot are divided into three parts. First, the developed robot is worn on the patient's chest, as opposed to the conventional elbow crutch that is attached to the forearm; hence, it can effectively disperse the patient's weight throughout the width of the chest, and eliminate the concentrated load at the elbow. Furthermore, it allows free arm motion during walking. Second, the developed robot can recognize the walking intention of the patient from the magnitude and direction of the ground reactive forces. This is done using three-axis force sensors attached to the feet of the robot. Third, the robot can perform a stair walking function, which can change vertical movement trajectories in order to step up and down a single stair according to the floor height. Consequently, we experimentally showed that the developed robot can effectively perform walking rehabilitation assistance by perceiving the walking intention of the patient. Moreover we quantitatively verified muscle power assistance by measuring the electromyography (EMG) signals of the muscles of the lower limb.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

Conventional traffic signal optimization models assume that green intervals for pedestrian crossings are given as exogenous inputs such as minimum green intervals for straight-ahead movements. As the result, in reality, the green intervals of traffic movements may not distribute adequately by the volume/saturation-flow of them. In this paper, we proposed signal optimization models formulated in BMILP to integrate pedestrian crossings into traffic movements under under-saturated traffic flow. The model simultaneously optimizes traffic and pedestrian movements to minimize weighted queues of primary queues during red interval and secondary queues during queue clearance time. A set of linear objective function and constraints set up to ensure the conditions with respect to pedestrian and traffic maneuvers. Numerical examples are given by pedestrian green intervals and the number of pedestrian crossings located at an arm. Optimization results illustrated that pedestrian green intervals using proposed models are greater than those using TRANSYT-7F, but opposite in the ratios of pedestrian green intervals to the cycle lengths. The simulation results show that proposed models are superior to TRANSYT-7F in reducing delay, where the longer the pedestrian green interval the greater the effect.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.199-203
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• 2004

The gas response to a proposed spiral stellar pattern for our Galaxy is presented here as calculated via 2D hydrodynamic calculations utilizing the ZEUS code in the disk plane. The locus is that found by Drimmel (2000) from emission profiles in the K band and at 240 ${\mu}m$. The self-consistency of the stellar spiral pattern was studied in previous work (see Martos et al. 2004). It is a sensitive function of the pattern rotation speed, $\Omega$p, among other parameters which include the mass in the spiral and its pitch angle. Here we further discuss the complex gaseous response found there for plausible values of $\Omega$p in our Galaxy, and argue that its value must be close to $20 km s^{-l}\;kpc^{-1}$ from the strong self-consistency criterion and other recent, independent studies which depend on such parameter. However, other values of $\Omega$p that have been used in the literature are explored to study the gas response to the stellar (K band) 2-armed pattern. For our best fit values, the gaseous response to the 2-armed pattern displayed in the K band is a four-armed pattern with complex features in the interarm regions. This response resembles the optical arms observed in the Milky Way and other galaxies with the smooth underlying two-armed pattern of the old stellar disk populations in our interpretation. The complex gaseous response appears to be related to resonances in stellar orbits. Among them, the 4:1 resonance is paramount for the axisymmetric Galactic model employed, and the set of parameters explored. In the regime seemingly proper to our Galaxy, the spiral forcing appears to be marginally strong in the sense that the 4:1 resonance terminates the stellar pattern, despite its relatively low amplitude. In current work underway, the response for low values of $\Omega$p tends to remove most of the rich structure found for the optimal self-consistent model and the gaseous pattern is ring-like. For higher values than the optimal, more features and a multi-arm structure appears.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The primary purpose of a TKA is to restore normal knee function Therefore, ideally, a TKA should: (a) maintain the natural leverage of the knee joint muscles to ensure generating adequate knee muscle moments to accomplish daily tasks such as rising from climbing stairs; (b) provide adequate knee joint stability. A 16-channel MyoResearch XP EMG system was used to collect the differential input surface electromyography signals VM, VL, RF, BF, ST during climbing/descending stair tests. A Peak Motion Measurement System was used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data. AKIN-COM Ill isokinetic dynamometer was used for EMG of VM, VL, RF, BF and ST during maximal voluntary contraction. I Quadriceps EMG results for the VM of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated significant less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb $60^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The VL of the passed 1year group limb also demonstrated significants less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-45^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). Similar to the VM and VL, the RF of the passed 1year group limb showed less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $60^{\circ}-30^{\circ}$ do knee flexion(p<0.05). Hamstring EMG results for the BF of the passed 1year group limb demonstrated less RMS EMG than that of the passed 3year group limb from $75^{\circ}-15^{\circ}$ of knee flexion(p<0.05). The passed 1year group limb tended to have less ADD displacement(p<0.071) than that of the passed 3year group limb. There was no significant difference of the ABD displacement between the passed 1year group and the passed 3year group limbs(p<0.73). The passed 3year group used compensatory adaptation movement strategies to compensate for the strength deficit of passed 3year group limbs. The passed 3year group limb also increased the quadriceps muscle activation level to produce more knee extension moment to compensate for the short quadriceps moment arm. The passe 3year group limb might have an unstable knee joint in the medio-Iateral direction during the climbing/descending by showing a tendency of more ADD displacement and greater hamming co-activation EMG than the passed 1year group limbs. The TKA design was not able to help the knee joint to produce adequate knee extension moment with less quadriceps muscle effort. I think that old man needs continuous exercise for muscle strength.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.83-83
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• 1993

The nuclear phosphoprotein p53 is expressed in all normal cells and appears to function in cell cycle regulation. Abnormally high levels of the protein are found in many different types of cancer. In human cancer overexpression of p53 is associated with point mutations within highly conserved regions of p53 gene. These altered genes encode stable p53 proteins that can detected by standard immunocytochemical techniques unable to detect rapidly degraded wild-type protein. Using of a monoclonal antibody to p53 antigen, immunocytochemical analysis of 29 squamous cell carcinomas of tongue(n= 19) and tonsil(n= 10) was performed. Non-tumor nuclei showed all negative reactivity. Positive reactivity was found in 4/29(13.8%)of SCCs of tongue and tonsil. In sizes of primary tumor, the cases over 4cm showed more positive reactivity than the cases under 4cm(p < 0.05). There was no stastical correlation between the reactivity and histopathologic grades, the primary sites of tumor or the presence of cervical metastasis.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop management guidelines and a procedure for an anthropometric suitability assessment of the main control room (MCR) in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Background: The condition of the MCR should be suitable for the work crews in NPPs. The suitability of the MCR depends closely on the anthropometric dimensions and ergonomic factors of the users. In particular, the MCR workspace design in NPPs is important due to the close relationship with operating crews and their work failures. Many documents and criteria have recommended that anthropometry dimensions and their studies are one of the foremost processes of the MCR design in NPPs. If these factors are not properly considered, users can feel burdened about their work and the human errors that might occur. Method: The procedure for the anthropometric suitability assessment consists of 5 phases: 1) selection of the anthropometric suitability evaluation dimensions, 2) establishment of a measurement method according to the evaluation dimensions, 3) establishment of criteria for suitability evaluation dimensions, 4) establishment of rating scale and improvement methods according to the evaluation dimensions, and 5) assessment of the final grade for evaluation dimensions. The management guidelines for an anthropometric suitability assessment were completed using 10 factors: 1) director, 2) subject, 3) evaluation period, 4) measurement method and criteria, 5) selection of equipment, 6) measurement and evaluation, 7) suitability evaluation, 8) data sharing, 9) data storage, and 10) management according to the suitability grade. Results: We propose a set of 17 anthropometric dimensions for the size, cognition/perception action/behavior, and their relationships with human errors regarding the MCR design variables through a case study. The 17 selected dimensions are height, sitting height, eye height from floor, eye height above seat, arm length, functional reach, extended functional reach, radius reach, visual field, peripheral perception, hyperopia/myopia/astigmatism, color blindness, auditory acuity, finger dexterity, hand function, body angle, and manual muscle test. We proposed criteria on these 17 anthropometric dimensions for a suitability evaluation and suggested an improvement method according to the evaluation dimensions. Conclusion: The results of this study can improve the human performance of the crew in an MCR. These management guidelines and a procedure for an anthropometric suitability assessment will be able to prevent human errors due to inadequate anthropometric dimensions. Application: The proposed set of anthropometric dimensions can be integrated into a managerial index for the anthropometric suitability of the operating crews for more careful countermeasures to human errors in NPPs.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2016

Conventional removable partial dentures (RPDs) with distal extensions are associated with some problems, including lack of stability that calls for frequent relining, and cantilever actions of claps that can produce excessive loading to abutment teeth, and the need for unesthetic retentive arm clasps. Therefore, IARPDs (Implant-assisted RPD) that use implants to support or retain RPDs has been reported to improve stability, esthetics and masticatory performance of RPDs. Also, an IARPD that has zirconia occlusal table can prevent the incongruity of occlusal plane and the extrusion of antagonistic tooth. In this case of partially edentulous patient with crossed occlusion, each edentulous area was restored with implant fixed prosthesis and implant retained partial denture to suit each situation. Through the procedure, satisfactory outcomes were achieved both in functional and esthetic aspects.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.317-326
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• 1998

Water consumption characteristics on the northern part of Seoul were analyzed using wavelet transform with a base function of Coiflets 5. It turns out that long term evolution mode detected at 212 scale in 1995 was in a shape of hyperbolic tangent over the entire period due to the development of Sanggae resident site. Furthermore, there was seasonal water demand having something to do with economic cycle which reached its peak at the ends of June and December. The amount of this additional consumption was about $1,700\;\textrm{cm}^3/hr$ on June and $500\;\textrm{cm}^3/hr$ on December. It was also shown that the periods of energy containing sinusoidal component were 3.13 day, 33.33 hr, 23.98 hr and 12 hr, respectively, and the amplitude of 23.98 hr component was the most humongous. The components of relatively short frequency detected at $2^i$[i = 1,2,…12] scale were following Gaussian PDF. The most reliable predictive models are multiple AR[32,16,23] and ARMA[20, 16, 10, 23] which the input of temperature from the view point of minimized predictive error, mutual independence or residuals and the availableness of reliable meteorological data. The predicted values of water supply were quite consistent with the measured data which cast a possibility of the deployment of the predictive model developed in this study for the optimal management of water supply facilities.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.213-220
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• 2017

This paper proposes how to fabricate an educational Mach-Zehnder interferometer that is easy to align and inexpensive, using 3D printers and semiconductor lasers. The interferometer consists of a body $165mm{\times}120mm{\times}57mm$ in size, mirror mounts, a laser holder, beam splitters, and so on. The laser path is adjusted by 4 mirror mounts, each comprised of rubber bands, small metal wires, and a screw. The interference fringe is enlarged by the lens at the final stage. The refractive index of a slide glass was measured by counting the number of moving interference fringes while the slide glass, inserted into one of the two interferometer arms, is rotating. The formula for the refractive index as a function of the optical-path difference and rotation angle was obtained, and used to calculate the refractive index of glass from the interferometer experiment. The use of a rotating glass in one arm of the interferometer nullifies the need for a precision stage, which despite its high cost is often required to observe the moving interference fringe in the classroom. Therefore, the 3D-printed Mach-Zehnder interferometer proposed in this paper can be very useful for education, because of its affordability and performance. It enables students to perform both qualitative and quantitative studies using a 3D-printed interferometer, such as measuring the refractive index of a glass sample, and the wavelength of light.