• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

For reducing planting distance in greenhouse grown watermelon(Citrullus vulgaris S.) this experiment was carried out to study the effect of DIF on stem elongation and growth. Day temperatures ranged from $25^{\circ}C$ to 35$^{\circ}C$ : night temperatures ranged from $25^{\circ}C$ to 35$^{\circ}C$ at 5$^{\circ}C$ interval. Stem elongation, leaf size, dry weight and flowering were influence by day and night temperatures. Stem elongation and length of internode decrease with increasing night temperature at same day temperature. The optimums for number of leaves categories was with day at 35$^{\circ}C$, and flower production was the lowest at $25^{\circ}C$. Total leaf area meter was maximized at 35/30(DT/NT), but for size pet one leave was the largest 25/25(DT/NT). Responses of leaf size per leaves were similar to that of internode length, with maximum day and night at $25^{\circ}C$. Total plant dry weight was the highest 35/30 (DT/NT) and minimum occurring at 25/30(DT/NT). The shoot/root ratios of dry weight Increased with day temperature up to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and were the highest with night at $25^{\circ}C$. Chlorophyll contents decreased with decreasing day and night temperature.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 2007

The aim of this paper is to develop a web-based learning system in order to motivate college students in the area of science and engineering to study college calculus. We designed and developed web-based contents, named MathBooster, using Mathematica, webMathematica and phpMath taking advantages of rapid computation and symbolic computation. The features of MathBooster consists of four parts: graphical representation of calculus concepts, textual illustrations of conceptual understanding, example-based step-by-step learning with phpMath, and quizzes with diagnostic feedback. After the MathBooster was practiced with engineering students, the formative evaluation was conducted with survey items composed in four categories: user responses, screen layout, practicing examples and diagnostic feedback in solving quizzes. The overall level of user satisfaction was statistically measured using SPSS. Those results indicate which parts of MathBooster are needed for future enhancement.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.493-498
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• 2006

Objectives : Diabetes has been reported as a risk factor for several cancers. However, the association between diabetes and gastric cancer has been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the fasting serum glucose level and gastric cancer risk in Korea. Methods : Among the members of the Korean Multi-Center Cancer Cohort (KMCC) from 1993 to 2004, a total of 100 incident gastric cancer cases were ascertained until December 31, 2002 and 400 controls were matched according to age, sex, and year and area of enrollment. Of the eligible subjects, those without fasting serum glucose level information were excluded, with a total of 64 cases and 236 controls finally selected. On enrollment, all subjects completed a baseline demographic and lifestyle characteristics questionnaire, and had their fasting serum glucose level measured. The Helicobacter pylori infection status was determined by an immunoblot assay using long-term stored serum. The odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional and unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for the H. pylori infection status, smoking, drinking, education, follow-up period and matching variables. Results : The ORs for risk of gastric cancer according to the serum glucose level were 1.33 [95% CI=0.50-3.53] and 1.66 [95% CI=0.55-5.02] for the categories of 100-125 and 126 mg/dL or greater, respectively, compared to the category of less than 100 mg/dL. No increased risk of gastric cancer according to the serum glucose level was found (p-trend=0.337). Conclusions : This study provides no evidence for an association of the serum glucose level with gastric cancer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the packaging characteristics including pack sources and pack components of processed foods in Korea. For the survey, 704 food package samples were selected based on the consumption of top 10 brackets in each food item. They were consisted of 1,245 packaging components. Seven specific items were firstly investigated including product name, capacity of the food, package component, package source, food contact area, food contact ratio, and package thickness. The processed foods in Korea can be classified into 16 pack sources and 21 pack components, respectively. By using this information, the data were analyzed specifically. The collected data were analyzed in 8 major categories: frequency of use by pack components and pack sources, pack components by the products, pack sources by the products and pack components, pack thickness/food contact ratio by the products, food contact ratio by pack components and pack sources. Consequently, this survey will provide various information of the packaging characteristics of processed foods in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

100 households' survey was carried out in 2007 in Chitwan to foresee the people's livelihood and their insight into the forest conservation. This analysis revealed that households' was mainly survived with multiple livelihood categories where 98% citizens belong to food crops and 92% to livestock husbandry. The households' income shared by agriculture (crop and livestock), forest and remittance was 37% and 20% respectively. Results further showed that income distribution was somehow equal with Gini coefficient 0.25 than with the 0.37 of landholdings size. But, average per capita income of households was lower than the national standard with 33% of households below the poverty thresholds and 0.0945 poverty gap index. Similarly, 85% respondents assured for the current degraded status of forest and 83% of households for not participated in forest management activities due to low awareness in 82% households. These findings shows the forest assets could be unduly degraded in the past and forest availability which is extracting from the remaining forest is also decreasing in the area. Thus, tendency of forest dependency has been shifting to the small scale farming, other livelihood sources such as local business and services. This information could be useful in planning and decision-making process in searching of better alternative for the local livelihood as well as sustainable forest conservation strategy.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.593-606
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• 2015

This study was intended to develop Korean Environmental Sustainable City Index (ESCI) so that local governments can examine and identify urban environment issues and then come up with a policy to improve the environment and urban biodiversity for cities. Green City Index (GCI), Environmental Performance Index (EPI), and City Biodiversity Index (CBI) which have used worldwide were analyzed. Based on the result of analysis, evaluation indicators of ESCI were finally a total of 20 indicators under four categories, which are native biodiversity, living environment, ecosystem services, and governance and management. Then, five cities with biotope mapping and evaluation index were selected to apply ESCI for evaluation. In order to apply ESCI, local governments need to accumulate basic data. There should be a policy which requires local governments to build data for biotope mapping so that the rate of natural area, ecological network and permeable land surface can be evaluated. Indicators must be applied to be compliant with scale of the city and level of data building gradually.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

Nowadays the number of crimes is increasing rapidly and society is getting more and more dangerous. Recently the criminal aspect of our society, the intelligence, diversity, localized area, as well as for the crime victims also difficult to predict the damage recovery is not easy to change their level of pain and are also serious. This phenomenon is increasingly expected to intensify, the proper response is a factory. The more so if the victim of murder. The criminal mediation working on the operational adjustments Borrower payment, Construction charges, investments and financial transactions due to interpersonal conflicts that occurred as a fraud, embezzlement, breach of trust property crimes such accused, individuals between the defamatory, offensive, encroachment, violating intellectual property rights and private Disputes about the complaint case and other criminal disputes submitted to mediation to resolve it deems relevant to the case who are accused. But the core of a detective control adjustment, adjust the members' representative to the region, including front-line player or a lawyer appointed by the attorney general at this time by becoming parties to this negative view may be ahead. Some scholars are criticizing the current criminal justice system for the absence of proper care for the criminal victims, as an alternative to the traditional criminal justice system. The introduction of the summary trial and related legal cases, the command structure, compensation system, crime victims' structural system can be seen as more classify, crime subject to victim's complaint, By case with a criminal misdemeanor in addition to disagree not punish criminal, minor offense destination, traffic offenders, regular property crime, credit card theft, intellectual property rights violators can be seen due to more categories can try. They sued in law enforcement, Prosecution case has been received and if any one party to the criminal detective Arbitration request arbitration by the parties can agree to immediately contact must be referred to arbitration within 15 days of when the arbitration case will be dismissed. These kinds of early results of the case related to, lawyers are involved directly in the arbitration shall be excluded. Arbitration system is the introduction of criminal justice agencies working to help resolve conflicts caused by adjustment problems will be able to. This article does not argue that we should stick to the traditional justice system as a whole. Instead it argues that the restrictive role of the traditional justice is to be preserved.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1071-1085
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• 2015

The researchers attempted to develop a way to extract a near real-time online nation image using social media. Referring to previous studies about nation images and the categories defined in Wikipedia, an ontology considering the characteristics of nation image was constructed. Separately, data sets from various social media were compared and the click view of Wikipedia English-edition was selected. The ontology was applied to the recent six years of the data extracted of the three big exporting countries of the east Asia, China, Japan, and Korea. To compare the nation images, correspondence analysis was employed to show images in the area of politics, society, culture, and economy. The nation images extracted are indeed the reasonable representation of them. The researchers verified them to a few known government policies and confirmed that it could be used to help government officers to make foreign policies to boost nation's export and to employ as a key performance index for them.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.417-428
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• 2005

The seasonal variation and frequency of precipitation phenomenon of the Korean Peninsula in summer show strong local weather phenomena because of its topographical and geographical factors in the northeastern area of Asia. The characteristics of the prevailing weather patterns in summer precipitation in Korea have great influences on the variation patterns and the appearances over a ten-day period during the summer precipitation. The purpose of this paper is to induce variation patterns over a period 10 days during the summer precipitation, clarify the variations of their space scales, and study the subdivision of precipitation regions in Korea according to the combinations of precipitation amounts and variation pattern during the period, using the mean values during the years $1991\~2003$ at 78 stations in Korea. The classified precipitation of a period of 10 days of summer precipitation, and the principal component vector and the amplitude coefficient by the principal component analysis were used for this study. The characteristics of variation pattern over the ten-day period can be chiefly divided into two categories and the accumulated contributory rate of these is $64.3\%$. The variation patterns of summer precipitation during period of 10 days in Korea are classified into 9 types from A to K. In addition, regional divisions of summer precipitation in Korea can be classified into 17 types.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.5 s.104
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• pp.804-818
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• 2004

As spatial data resources become more abundant, the potential for conflict among them increases. Those conflicts can exist between two or many spatial datasets covering the same area and categories. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to be able to effectively relate these spatial data sources with others then create new spatial datasets with matching geometry and topology. One extensive spatial dataset is US Census Bureau's TIGER file, which includes census tracts, block groups, and blocks. At present, however, census maps often carry information that conflicts with municipally-maintained detailed spatial information. Therefore, in order to fully utilize census maps and their valuable demographic and economic information, the locational information of the census maps must be reconciled with the more accurate municipally-maintained reference maps and imagery. This paper formulates a conceptual framework and two map models of map conflation to make geometrically and topologically consistent source maps according to the reference maps. The first model is based on the cell model of map in which a map is a cell complex consisting of 0-cells, 1-cells, and 2-cells. The second map model is based on a different set of primitive objects that remain homeomorphic even after map generalization. A new hierarchical based map conflation is also presented to be incorporated with physical, logical, and mathematical boundary and to reduce the complexity and computational load. Map conflation principles with iteration are formulated and census maps are used as a conflation example. They consist of attribute embedding, find meaning node, cartographic 0-cell match, cartographic 1-cell match, and map transformation.