• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.453-460
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• 2017

This study proposes effective quality control and maintenance method by developing a new qualitative evaluation method of apron for medical radiation protection. As an experimental material, one of 0.45 mm lead and 100 of 0.45 mm Pb aprons were used and irradiated under the conditions of a tube voltage of 75 kVp and a tube current of 12.5 mAs to obtain an image. and using the Image J program, PSNR values were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were 40 aprons (less than 11dB), 55 aprons (less than 11dB, less than 30dB), and 5 aprons (30dB or more). In addition, the dose showed a normal distribution for the apron, and 5 aprons with PSNR less than 11dB and 30dB or more were selected and divided into 8 zones, and these groups were statistically significant.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.127-147
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• 2016

This study proposes the improvement scheme of the current lease rate assessment system (2003~2014), as a major problem solving area, for the Terminal Operating Company (TOC)'s wharf since the introduction of the TOC system in 1997. The study considers the reform system using three criteria: standardization, simplification, and fairness. The final alternative presented by the study adopts the lease rate assessment system, which newly reflects changes of facilities' property values for aprons, combining it with the related fees of the Korean seaport dues for open storage yards, warehouses (shed), passages, buildings and lands within leased facilities. The proposal anticipates that the new system will not only minimize stakeholders' confusion, but also resolve the main problems within the current system. The study, further, introduces the adjustment ratio, which will make the new lease rate of the apron equal to the current lease rate of a berth, for the individual TOC's wharf, in order to prevent a sharp increment in the lease rate of the apron. This is because the government or port authorities as lessors, need to give priority to lightening the burden of TOC's costs under the deteriorating business environment such as the slowdown in port throughputs' growth. This study makes a contribution by suggesting a new lease rate assessment system for the TOC's wharf, reflecting the value of property as well as leading to its simplification and standardization. Additionally, it may lead to the improvement of fairness by applying the same rate to all leased wharfs for the lease rates of open storage yards, warehouses (shed) and passages. However, it has a limitation that hinders the fairness: the lease rate for the apron cannot be imposed in proportion to the leased area, by applying the individual adjustment ratios. In the future, those adjustment ratios should be, gradually, rationalized to be the same target ratio (0.5) for each wharf, following an improvement in the terminal operating business environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.490-497
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• 2016

This study compared and analyzed the pollution levels of radiation shielding aprons and ways to sterilize them using 30 lead aprons. After collecting samples from the center of the lead apron, where contact is most frequent, experiments were conducted employing Coagula and Latex methods. Using the culture medium where bacteria grew, measurements of the pathogen count and identification were performed. The greatest number of pathogens were $7.16{\pm}10$, which were detected on the lead apron from general X-ray room #2, but there was no significant difference according to the facilities (p > 0.05). Compared to how many pathogens remained between using the disinfectant ethanol and tissue, the pathogens decreased by $0.01{\pm}0.4$ (p < 0.05) after using disinfectant ethanol and by $0.87{\pm}1.7$(p < 0.05) after using disinfectant tissue. The Pearson correlation test revealed a significant correlation (-0.296, p < 0.05) between them. According to this research, there were pathogens on the lead aprons and the number of pathogens was determined by statistical analysis. It is expected that the rate of radiology technologists, patients, and medical equipment infected by pathogens will be reduced by the proper use of sterilization with a disinfectant ethanol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Radiological Science
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.82.3-83
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2010

Background: Fluoroscopy has been an integral part of modern interventional pain management. Yet fluoroscopy can be associated with risks for the patients and clinicians unless it is managed with appropriate understanding, skill and vigilance. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the amount of radiation received by a primary operator and an assistant during interventional pain procedures that involve the use of fluoroscopy. Methods: In order to examine the amount of radiation, the physicians were monitored by having them wear three thermoluminescent badges during each single procedure, with one under a lead apron, one under the apron collar and one on the leg during each single procedure. The data obtained from each thermoluminescent badge was reviewed from September 2008 to November 2008 and the annual radiation exposure was subsequently calculated. Results: A total of 505 interventional procedures were performed with C-arm fluoroscopy during three months. The results of this study revealed that the annual radiation exposure was relatively low for both the operator and assistant. Conclusions: With proper precautions, the use of fluoroscopy during interventional pain procedures is a safe practice.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

In this paper, the performance evaluation results of the timing synchronization schemes are presented for aeronautical mobile airport communication systems (AeroMACS). AeroMACS, which is based on IEEE 802.16e mobile WiMAX standard, uses the aeronautical frequency band of 5GHz with the bandwidth of 5MHz. The simulation model of AeroMACS is constructed and the evaluation for the timing synchronization performance is performed with the various channel models such as apron (APR), runway (RWY), taxiway (TWY), and park (PRK).

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.182-186
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• 2014

Recently, the use of panoramic radiography has shown a constant increase, and significant research is underway. However, radiation exposure attracts less attention in dental radiography than in other types of radiography. We used an OSLD for measurement of the entrance skin dose in eyeballs and the thyroid region, both of which are not covered by examinations but are included in radiographical regions and are sensitive to radiation, as well as orally in Incheon and reported the results. The entrance skin dose was 0.0282 mSv on average for the oral region, and 0.0259 mSv on average for the eyeball, and 0.0261mSv on average, for thyroid gland. While there is no proper shielding method for the eyeball, a thyroid protector is not used by most hospitals and most hospitals are equipped with an apron and a thyroid protector separately; thus, it is necessary to use an integration of an apron and a thyroid protector and medical device manufacturers need to develop a method for controlling the length of the slit in the slit-type area of radiation occurrence in order to reduce unnecessary exposure.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.308-317
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the level and related factors related to health-promoting lifestyle in operating room nurses in Korea. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was employed. The data were collected using questionnaire for three weeks in December 2018 from 110 operating room nurses working for more than six months in a general hospital located in Seoul. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, The Korean Version of the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index, and Operating nurse's Job stress Factor Scale were used. Results: Significant relationships were observed between health promoting lifestyle and educational level(p= .025), perceived economic status (p= .001) wearing a lead apron for protection from radiation during the operation(p< .001), work satisfaction(p= .016), and fatigue related to work(p= .006). Also significant correlations were identified between nursing work environment and health promoting lifestyle. However, the health promoting lifestyle was not statistically different based on occupational stress(p= .365). In multiple linear regression analyses, the level of health promoting lifestyle found to be higher in subjects who did not wear a lead apron for protection from radiation(p= .017), and who had more positive perception of the nursing work environment(p= .034). Conclusion: In order to increase health promoting lifestyle of operating nurses, the strategies to improve the nursing work environment are essential.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2018

Master plan plans for new airports should estimate the approximate scale of the airside's moorings and terminals. The size of the pavilion can be determined by complex factors such as the operating hours of the operating company, the frequency of operation, and the aircraft class. Among them, the number of flights is calculated using the Horon-jeff equation because of the relationship between the number of flights and the time occupied by the mains. Since this estimation formula is a simplified formula, it is necessary to verify the appropriateness of the method of estimating the scale and to suggest improvement directions. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method of estimating the size of the western flags by investigating and analyzing the main airports of overseas airports to determine whether the application of the Horon-jeff formula is appropriate.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Considering that the X-ray apron used in the department of radiology is also used in the department of nuclear medicine, the study aimed to analyze the shielding rate of the apron according to types of radioisotopes, thus ${\gamma}$ ray energy, to investigate the protective effects. The radioisotopes used in the experiment were the top 5 nuclides in usage statistics $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$, $^{123}I$, and $^{201}Tl$, and the aprons were lead equivalent 0.35 mmPb aprons currently under use in the department of nuclear medicine. As a result of experiments, average shielding rates of aprons were $^{99m}Tc$ 31.59%, $^{201}Tl$ 68.42%, and $^{123}I$ 76.63%. When using an apron, the shielding rate of $^{131}I$ actually resulted in average dose rate increase of 33.72%, and $^{18}F$ showed an average shielding rate of -0.315%, showing there was almost no shielding effect. As a result, the radioisotopes with higher shielding rate of apron was in the descending order of $^{123}I$, $^{201}Tl$, $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$. Currently, aprons used in the nuclear medicine laboratory are general X-ray aprons, and it is thought that it is not appropriate for nuclear medicine environment that utilizes ${\gamma}$ rays. Therefore, development of nuclear medicine exclusive aprons suitable for the characteristics of radioisotopes is required in consideration of effective radiation protection and work efficiency of radiation workers.