• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.780-783
• /
• 2002

This paper proposes an approximate LCA methodology fur the conceptual design stage by grouping products according to their environmental characteristics and by mapping product attributes Into impact driver (ID) index. The relationship Is statistically verified by exploring the correlation between total impact indicator and energy impact category. Then an artificial neural network model is developed to predict an approximate LCA of grouping products in conceptual design stage. The training is generalized by using identified product attributes for an ID In a group as well as another product attributes for another IDs in other groups. The neural network model with back propagation algorithm is used and the results are compared with those of multiple regression analysis. The proposed approach does not replace the full LCA but it would give an approximate LCA results for design concepts.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.468-473
• /
• 2010

This paper deals with approximate integral solutions to the one-dimensional model describing the charging process of stratified thermal storage tanks. Temperature is assumed to be the form of Fermi-Dirac distribution function, which can be separated to two sets of cubic polynomials for each hot and cold side of thermal boundary layers. Proposed approximate integral solutions are compared to the previous works of the approximate analytic solutions and show reasonable agreement. The approach, however, has benefits in mathematical difficulties, complicated solution form and unstable convergence of series solution founded in the previous analytic solutions. Solutions for a semi-infinite region, which have simple closed form solutions, give close agreement to those for a finite region. Thermocline thickness is obtained in closed form and shows proportional behavior to the square root of time and inverse proportional behavior to the square root of flow rate.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.263-278
• /
• 2004

This paper reviews dynamic programming (DP), surveys approximate solution methods for it, and considers their applicability to process control problems. Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Neuro-Dynamic Programming (NDP), which can be viewed as approximate DP techniques, are already established techniques for solving difficult multi-stage decision problems in the fields of operations research, computer science, and robotics. Owing to the significant disparity of problem formulations and objective, however, the algorithms and techniques available from these fields are not directly applicable to process control problems, and reformulations based on accurate understanding of these techniques are needed. We categorize the currently available approximate solution techniques fur dynamic programming and identify those most suitable for process control problems. Several open issues are also identified and discussed.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2011

Structural optimization algorithm of steel box girder bridges using improved higher-order approximate reanalysis technique is proposed in this paper. The proposed approximation method is a generalization of the convex approximation method. The order of the approximate reanalysis for each function is analytically adjusted in the optimization process. This self-adjusted capability makes the approximate structural analysis values conservative enough to maintain the optimum design point of the approximate problem. The efficiency of proposed optimazation algorithm, compared with conventional algorithm, is successfully demonstrated in the steel box girder bridges. The efficiency and robustness of proposed algorithm is also demonstrated in practical steel box girder bridges.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.160-179
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we investigate the existence and diameter of the approximate fixed point results on E-metric spaces (not necessarily complete) by using various cyclic contraction mappings, including the B-cyclic contraction, the Bianchini cyclic contraction, the Hardy-Rogers cyclic contraction, and so on. Additionally, we prove the approximate fixed point results for rational type cyclic contraction mappings, which were discussed mainly in [35] and [37], in the setting of E-metric space. Also, a few examples are provided to demonstrate our findings. Subsequently, we discuss some applications of approximate fixed point results in the field of applied mathematics rigorously.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.497-505
• /
• 2016

The two-dimensional (2D) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used widely in image and video processing systems. The perception of human visualization permits us to design approximate rather than exact DCT. In this paper, we propose a digital implementation of 16-point approximate 2D DCT architecture based on one-dimensional (1D) DCT and Modified Gate Diffusion Input (MGDI) technique. The 8-point 1D Approximate DCT architecture requires only 12 additions for realization in digital VLSI. Additions can be performed using the proposed 8 transistor (8T) MGDI Full Adder which reduces 2 transistors than the existing 10 transistor (10T) MGDI Full Adder. The Approximate MGDI 2D DCT using 8T MGDI Full adders is simulated in Tanner SPICE for $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process technology at 100MHZ.The simulation result shows that 13.9% of area and 15.08 % of power is reduced in the 8-point approximate 2D DCT, 10.63 % of area and 15.48% of power is reduced in case of 16-point approximate 2D DCT using 8 Transistor MGDI Full Adder than 10 Transistor MGDI Full Adder. The proposed architecture enhances results in terms of hardware complexity, regularity and modularity with a little compromise in accuracy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2004

Two approximate methods for a cosmic radiation shielding calculation in low earth orbits were developed and assessed. Those are a sectoring method and a chord-length distribution method. In order to simulate a change in cosmic radiation environments along the satellite mission trajectory, IGRF model and AP(E)-8 model were used. When the approximate methods were applied, the geometrical model of satellite structure was approximated as one-dimensional slabs, and a pre-calculated dose-depth conversion function was introduced to simplify the dose calculation process. Verification was performed with mission data of KITSAT-1 and the calculated results were also compared with detailed 3-dimensional calculation results using Monte Carlo calculation. Dose results from the approximate methods were conservatively higher than Monte Carlo results, but were lower than experimental data in total dose rate. Differences between calculation and experimental data seem to come from the AP-8 model, for which it is reported that fluxes of proton are underestimated. We confirmed that the developed approximate method can be applied to commercial satellite shielding calculations. It is also found that commercial products of semi-conductors can be damaged due to total ionizing dose under LEO radiation environment. An intensive shielding analysis should be taken into account when commercial devices are used.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.204-208
• /
• 2000

An approximate similarity theory has been applied to predict the forming load of non-axisymmetric forging of aluminum alloys through model material tests. The approximate similarity theory is applicable when strain rate sensitivity, geometrical size, and die velocity of model materials are different from those of real materials. Actually, the forming load of yoke, which is an automobile part made of aluminum alloys(Al-6061), is predicted by using this approximate similarity theory. Firstly, upset forging tests are have been carried out to determine the flow curves of three model materials and aluminum alloy(Al-6061), and a suitable model material is selected for model material test of Al-6061. And then hot forging tests of aluminum yokes have been performed to verify the forming load predicted from the model material, which has been selected from above upset forging tests. The forming loads of aluminum yoke forging predicted by this approximate similarity theory are in good agreement with the experimental results of Al-6061 and the results of finite element analysis using DEFORM-3D.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2013

근접 빈발 패턴 마이닝은 향상된 효율성을 위해 정확한 패턴보다 허용되는 범위 안에서 근접 빈발 패턴을 마이닝한다. 데이터베이스의 크기가 증대함에 따라 거대한 데이터베이스를 처리하기 위해서 더 빠른 마이닝 기법이 필요하게 되고 있다. 또한, 노이지나 데이터의 다양성 때문에 패턴을 마이닝 하는 것에 대한 정확한 결과를 찾기가 더 어렵다. 이러한 경우들에 대해, 근접 빈발 패턴 마이닝을 함으로 실행시간, 메모리 사용량, 그리고 확장성의 관점에서 더 효율적인 마이닝을 수행할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 확률 기법에 근간한 근접 패턴 마이닝 알고리즘에 대한 특성을 살펴보고 척도가 되는 확률 기법에 기반한 근접 패턴 마이닝 알고리즘에 대해 성능 평가를 한다. 최종적으로 성능의 향상을 위해 테스트 결과를 분석한다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.431-437
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 순차 설계영역 (SDD： sequential Design Domain) 개념을 사용한 GUI(Graphic User Interface)환경 프로그램을 개발하였다. 본 프로그램은 상용프로그램인 ANSYS와 최적설계 프로그램인 PLBA(Pshenichny-Lim-Belegundu-Arora)를 연결하고 비주얼 베이직을 이용하여 GUI환경에서 사용자가 초기값과 입력파일을 작성하고 결과를 확인할 수 있도록 하였다. 프로그램의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해서 3부재 및 5부재 트러스 구조물을 수치예제로 선정하여 해석하였다.