• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.28-41
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• 2007

Current environmental education at elementary school is demanded to be changed into 'Sustainable Development', Therefore, we should find a new program to reflect appropriateness and diversity of environmental education at elementary school for 'Sustainable Development'. The result of analysing textbooks and the realities in environmental education at elementary school is as follows, First, when we analysed the contents of the textbook in environmental education, the reflecting rate was high in 'natural environment' and 'sound consumption', compared with in 'artificial environment', 'resource and energy' and 'health and environment'. Second, we realized the necessity for 'environmental education' complementary to 'Sustainable Development'. That is because the analysis showed the lack for the activity for approaching and solving environmental problems with 'artificial environment', 'resource and energy' and 'health and environment'. Third, the analysis also showed the deficiency in the reflection of 'environmental education' contents for maintaining healthful environment through improving the quality of life. Current textbook didn't deal with very important elements of 'environmental education' - the Quality of indoor atmosphere, harmful matter, safe things to eat, noise, stench, etc. For those reasons, it is necessary to reconstruct the realm and the contents of 'environmental education' for 'Sustainable Development' appropriate to elementary school. We require a new curriculum and textbook to cover diverse' environmental education' as well.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.115-137
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• 2004

In this paper, we verified the effect and appropriateness of the scheme to cure the math. disliking disposition which is the cause of underachievement in learning. We choose 3 middle schools as the subject of experiment for this research. Each experiment class consists of 27∼30 students(underachievers) whose final test results of 1st school year in the middle school are 30∼60 points. In this case, we also select some middle level students whose test results are more than 60 points for the normal experimental condition. For this research, we developed the suitable test materials to cure the mathematics disliking disposition of underachievers. We applied those test materials to the experiment schools during 2.5 months and we analysed the variation of disliking disposition, the variation of math. dislike students' number and the cure rate of the math. disliking disposition. From the results of this experimental study, we find that the factors of teacher and math recognition environment have only the significant difference of math. disliking disposition between experiment class and comparison class under the 5% significance level in one middle school. We understand that this results caused by teachers' careful advice and guidance in that middle school. We also find that the number of student who dislike mathematics decreased in two middle schools. Furthermore 50% of math. disliking dispositions are cured for 9 disliking factors in the lower grade group(the group of underachievers) and as a whole, we can see that 50% of cure rate for the 7 factors of math. disliking in two middle schools. So we can understand that the experiment of our research was performed successfully in two middle schools. In this research, we find out that the scheme to cure the disliking dispositions for the factors of math. disliking depends on the factors of teacher who take charge of cure. So teachers must take interest in and must have careful concern to students and their math. disliking.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2015

본 연구는 수학 기반의 융합 수업 모형을 제안하고자 STEAM 모형, 각 교과 기반의 융합모형 개발연구를 토대로 수학적 문제 해결에 중점을 둔 융합 수업 모형을 개발하고, 6학년을 대상으로 4차시 수업을 실시하여 수업 모형의 각 단계별 구현 양상을 살펴봄으로써 수업 모형의 적절성 및 한계를 탐색하였다. 그 결과 수업 모형의 각 단계는 학생들이 다양한 문제 해결 방법을 찾고 비판적으로 해결 과정을 검토하며 수업에 대해 긍정적인 관점을 갖도록 하는데 긍정적이었으나, 깊이 있는 수학적 탐구로 이끌거나 감성적 체험을 확장하는 데는 적절한 교사의 역할이 부각되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 수학 기반 융합수업을 구현하는데 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1998

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 200 hospitalized adult patients in Samsung Medical Center from January 1st in 1995 to June 31st in 1997. Standard criteria were modified and determined from those stated by AJHP (American Journal of Health System Pharmacy) and ASPEN (American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). The justification for indications was appropriate in $35\%,\;44\%,\;and\;32\%$ of the patient's in 1995, 1996, and 1997, respectively, without significant improvement over the last two and half years. Before and during the administration of TPN, several monitoring indicators were well documented, and monitoring frequencies were increased over two and half years period. However, the majority of the monitoring indicators were not found in the standard criteria range of $90\%$. The monitoring indicators for electrolyte balance, $PO_4$ and Mg, were not measured appropriately and resulted in the complications which could have been prevented. The indicator for lipid tolerance, triglyceride and the indicator for hemorrhagic incidence, prothrombin time (PT), were not well documented in comparison with other indicators. The indicators for the improvement in nutritional status, albumin and total protein, were appropriate in $90\%$ of the patients. Determination of TPN formula was based on the laboratory data and chart reviews, and it was appropriate in $98\%$. But the administration of lipid and vitamin K for the prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency and hemorrhage, respectively, was not carried out appropriately when the administration of TPN was prolonged, lasting more than 7 days. When a patient returned to oral or enteral feeding, TPN was terminated. However, increase in albumin level or weight was rarely observed. In conclusion, healthcare professionals should all work as a team and active participation to provide optimized nutrition support for partners.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2010

소음지도를 활용하여 개발계획의 수립단계에서 환경소음을 사전에 예방하기 위한 방안을 제안하였으며 도시기본계획의 전략환경평가와 도시개발사업의 환경영향평가를 대상으로 하였다. 도시기본계획의 전략환경평가에서는 도시지역의 개발계획내용과 소음지도 제작결과를 상호 비교 검토하여 환경소음의 영향을 고려한 계획의 타당성과 입지의 적정성을 검토하고 도시지역의 소음현황과 개발계획의 시행으로 인한 소음영향을 종합적으로 평가하여 그에 따른 장기적인 저감대책을 수립하는 것을 포함한다. 도시개발사업의 환경영향평가에서는 소음지도를 통한 개발지역 주변의 소음현황 파악, 환경소음의 현황과 개발사업으로 인한 소음영향에 대한 종합적인 평가, 다양한 소음저감방안 적용에 따른 소음지도 제작결과의 비교 검토를 통한 최적의 대책 마련 등을 포함한 소음지도 활용방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

풍화토나 풍화암 지반의 경우 집중호우에 의한 사면붕괴는 주로 지표면부근 2.0m 이내에서 발생되며, 강우발생 전에 사면 내 지하수위가 높지 않다면 강우가 지하수위 상승에 미치는 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 국내 사면설계에 적용되고 있는 우기시 지하수위 조건은 강우에 의해 지하수위가 지표면까지 상승하는 것으로 보고 있어, 사면의 활동 파괴면이 지표부근 보다는 사면 심부에서 발생되는 것으로 검토 되고 있다. 본 연구는 사면 안정에 주된 영향을 미치는 지하수위 조건의 적정성 여부를 검토하기 위하여 서울지역 30년 평균일강우량을 적용하여 실제 우기시 지하수위 상승 및 사면안정성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 지하수위 상승량은 사면 높이의 6.0~41.0%로 나타나 현재 통용되고 있는 우기시 지하수위 적용 기준이 과대평가되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.563-575
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• 2009

본 연구는 Priester 등 (2004)에 의해서 제시된 기억기반 선택상황에서 태도-의사결정 통합모형인 '고려상표군과 선택에 대한 태도 및 태도강도의 영향모형'을 자극기반 선택상황으로 확장하였다. 즉 태도 및 태도강도가 고려상표군과 선택변수에 대한 역할 (모형 타당성측면)과 외부자극 요소인 제품 디스플레이 위치에 따른 물리적 현저성 강도의 역할 (모형 일반화측면)을 통해 모형의 확장가능성을 검토하였다. 본 연구는 기존 연구와 같이 태도 그 자체를 측정하여 행동이나 행동의도를 파악하는 대신에 '행동에 대한 태도'를 직접 측정할 수 있는 실험조사 방법을 토대로 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 기억기반에서 태도-의사결정간의 관련성에 대한 통합모형으로 제시된 모형의 특성들을 자극기반 상황에서 이론적 배경과 실증분석을 통해 모형타당성을 확인하여 모형의 일반화 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2006

This study was carried out to provide guidance to environmental policy makers when deciding which assessment fields (biotic, abiotic, qualitative, functional) should have priority for ecological preservation and to develop an objective and scientific methodology by introducing the engineering concept of the fuzzy integral. The grant of weights was used the eigenvalues calculated by factor analysis, and the converted values of indicators were obtained in multiplying the arithmetic values and eigenvalues. The results of the appropriateness and reliability of assessment fields were examined over 0.6, and the results showed that the design of questionnaire presented no great problems. When the fuzzy integral was calculated to determine the rankings at ${\lambda}$=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively, they were 0.646, 0.630, 0.943, 1.423, and 1.167 for the biotic field, 1.298, 1.400, 0.901, 0.580, and 1.456 for the abiotic field, 0.714, 0.674, 0.346, 0.674, and 1.610 in the qualitative field and 1.000, 0.973, 0.943, 1.024, and 1.008 in the functional field. The sensitivity to ${\lambda}$ value showed that ${\lambda}=4$ was the most suitable. In comparison with ${\lambda}=0$ (the arithmetic mean), the range of change was narrow. Because the range for ${\lambda}=4$ was narrower than my other values, ${\lambda}=4$ was sure to be available in ranking-decision. The fuzzy integral is expected to be a method for analyzing and filtering human thoughts. In the future, in order to overcome linguistic uncertainty and subjectivity, other fuzzy integral models including Sugeno's method, AHP, and so forth should be used.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2004

본 논문은 냉난방 인버터 에어컨용 전원시스템에 역률개선 회로인 부분 스위칭 PFC 모듈을 적용하여 입력의 역률 개선 및 전류의 고조파 성분을 최소화하여 IEC555-2규정을 만족하는 입력 전원부를 설계하여 인덕터부하에 적용되는 회로 설계시의 문제점들을 해결 할 수 있는 방안들을 제시하였다. 그리고 출력전압의 상승을 억제하면서 전류파형을 개선하는 방법 및 부분 스위칭 PFC회로를 제안하여 스위칭 횟수를 적게 함으로써 압축기의 모터에 인가 할 수 있는 전압을 상승시켜 모터 적정 운전 전압을 확립하였으며, 효율이나 경제성 및 전자 노이즈 등의 문제점들을 해결하였다. 그리고 에어컨의 소비 전력을 줄일 수 있다. 이상의 결과에서 시스템 총합 운전에너지 효율이 상승되는 것을 확인하는 모든 사항은 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 그 타당성을 입증했다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.647-653
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• 2013

Energy acquisition due to the increase of oil price is one of the most important issues and policy for most countries. Various tankers have been built in the world and sent to the trade market. It is necessary to build the port infrastructure and facilities to give them proper services such as mooring, packing, storing, and transshipment, etc. However, the domestic guidelines or standards for design and construction for the dolphin berth among these facilities are out of date and do not meet the recent trend of tanker types. Therefore, it requires amendment on the guidelines or standards. In this study, a detailed analysis of the tanker fleet, covering 8,000 ships under operation and order to build, is made to estimate the proper PBL(Parallel Body Length) of each tanker class. After discussion and comparison on the dolphin berth design and construction codes of various countries, those are the leading countries of tanker operation and management, suggestion was made to amend on the design code. The referred codes are of Korea, Japan, UK, USA, and Canada. The analysis of tanker fleet shows the PBL as 0.45L under the normal ballast condition. In order to verify the deduced amendment on the domestic design code for dolphin berth, it was selected one of the domestic dolphin berth, located at the Yeosu oil terminal, which is almost completed to construct. The design criteria and expected tankers to moor in that terminal were analyzed and the appropriateness and countermeasure for deficiency were summarized.