• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2022

Objectives: Depression is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between low social support and risk for depression in people with type 2 diabetes through a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, ProQuest, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language articles published up to 2021. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using a random-effect model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was evaluated by using the Cochrane Q test and I² statistics. The risk of publication bias was estimated using a funnel plot, the Egger test, and the Begg test. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the quality of evidence and the risk of bias. Results: Eleven studies were included in this meta-analysis, containing a total of 3151 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pooled analysis showed that people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had low social support had twice as high a risk of depression as those with high social support (aOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.70; p<0.001). A random-effect model was used because the heterogeneity was high (I² = 87%). Conclusions: Low social support was found to increase the risk of depression among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further investigation into factors that may moderate this relationship is required.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.84-99
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to identify the actual educational contents of management for head nurse and to propose the educational subjects according to identity the needs of head, charge, and staff nurses. The subjects were investigated the actual Management Development Programs and educational needs of head nurses and prospective nurse manager(charge nurse, staff nurse with a lot of clinical experiences) in general hospitals. The tools were composed of two questionnaires: One was developed from the literature review for making items to measure actual situation. The other was revised Katz's model for measurement of educational needs. The first respondents of actual situation were 27 general hospitals with over 400 beds in Seoul and the second respondents were 89 head nurses, 67 charge nurses and 136 nurses at 3 hospitals by convenient sampling out of 27 general hospitals. Data were collected by telephone interview, mail questionnaire and visiting from 7th of October through 30th of November in 1997. In data analysis, general characteristics of the respondents and actual status of Management Development Programs were analyzed by frequency and percentage. Educational needs according to general characteristics were analyzed by ANOVA The results were as follows: 1. Actual situation of Management Development Program 1) Seven hospitals(26%) had Management Development Program for prospective managers and 14 hospitals (52%) for head nurses. 2) Education Department existed in 14 hospitals (52%). 3) One hospital(4%) had top level managers took part in the Management Development. 4) Two hospitals selected head nurse, who had finished courses of Management Development. Eight hospitals(30%) assessed educational needs. The assessment tools consisted of making a question via questionnaire(75%), determining at department meeting(12%) and interview(13%). 5) Educational programs had 3 types: 10 lecture type, 7 discussion type and 4 role play type programs. 6) One hospital evaluated the change of learner's attitude. 7) Four hospitals scored educational point, but that was measured only by attending. 8) Actual Management Development Programs were as follows. parenthesis indicates the number of hospitals. (1) Management Development Programs for Prospective manager. Role perception of Middle level Manager (1) . Role reconstruction of Nurse Manager (1). Workshop for Charge Nurse (1). Nursing Delivery System and Nursing Process (1). Communication (1). Motivation (1) (2) Management Development Programs for Head nurse.. Head nurse's Role (5). Administrative Work (7). Service Education (4). Prevention and Countermeasure of Nursing Incidence (3). Appraisal (3) 2. The results of needs on Management Development subject 1) The educational needs of all respondents on 3 skill domains showed positive agreement to strongly positive agreement. 2) High priority(more than 4.5) items were 12 of 24 Human skill items(50%), 1 of 6 Technical skill items(16%), and 2 of 13 Conceptual skill items (15%). 3) Out of high priority items, 8 items were instituted. 4) All respondents showed high needs on 3 skill domains regardless of 3 positions (head nurse, charge nurse, and nurse). Educational needs of Human skill domain, according to position were 108. S, 108.7, 106.8 (mean score = 72) , needs of Technical skill domain were 26.5, 26.6, 26.I(mean score=18), and needs of Conceptual skill domains were 56.9,56.7, 55.1(mean score=39). 5) Needs of 3 skill domains according to clinical career showed significant difference. Out of respondents, nurses with career of over 16years showed lowest degree of needs in Human skill domains(F=4.47, P=.004) and Conceptual skill domain(F=2.93, P=.034). 6) Educational needs according to educational background were not significant difference. But out of respondents, nurses educated at 3-year junior college relatively showed lowest needs in all of the 3 skill domains. With the above-mentioned findings, further study is necessary for generalization of this study at hospitals with different bed size and location. Also it is needed to study about management skill of nurse and charge nurse, and effective educational method.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업 모형을 구안하고 이를 적용한 수업이 학생들의 비판적 사고력에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 1)중학교 제7차 교육과정 기술$.$가정교과 중 가정영역의 목표 및 내용을 근거로 쟁점요소를 추출한다. 2) 중학교 가정과 수업에 적용 가능한 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업 모형을 구안한 후 교수$.$학습 과정 안을 개발한다. 3) 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업이 학생들의 비판적 사고력에 미치는 효과를 검증한다. 이 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째. 쟁점중심 수업모형을 중학교 가정과에 적용하기 위한 쟁점선정의 기준으로 학생의 관심도, 성숙도, 이해 수준. 사회적 의미. 논쟁적 성격, 효과적인 탐구 가능성. 비판적 사고 요구 등 7가지를 선정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 중학교 제7차 교육과정 기술$.$가정 과목의 내용 중 가정영역을 분석하여 각 영역별 쟁점요소 및 쟁점토론 주제를 추출한 다음 내용타당도 검증을 받아 완성하였다. 둘째 이렇게 추출한 쟁점토론주제를 적용하기 위한 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업 모형을 $\boxDr$문제 제기 \$\longrightarrow$ 가치문제 확인 \$\longrightarrow$ 용어의 정의 \$\longrightarrow$ 잠정적 대안 선택 \$\longrightarrow$ 자료 수집 \$\longrightarrow$ 쟁점토론 및 비판적 접근 \$\longrightarrow$ 선택과 결론$\boxUl$의 단계로 구안하였고, 이에 기초한 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업 교수$.$학습 과정 안을 개발하였다. 셋째. 부산광역시에 소재 한 K중학교 3학년 2개 학급(75명)을 각각 실험집단과 비교집단으로 선정하고 개발된 교수$.$학습 과정 안을 5주 동안 8차시에 걸쳐 실험에 적용하여 수업의 효과 즉. 비판적 사고력의 변화정도를 알아보았다. 비판적 사고력 검사도구로는 WGCTA(Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal)를 사용하였고 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업을 실시한 실험집단과 강의식 수업을 실시한 비교집단의 사전-사후 결과에 대하여T-test를 실시하였다. 검증한 결과 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업을 실시한 실험집단 학습자의 비판적 사고력 점수가 유의미하게 향상되었고(P＜.05). 비판적 사고력의 하위요인인 논증의 평가(P＜.05)에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 수업 후 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업에 대한 평가에서 대부분의 학생들은 수업에 대해 긍정적 평가를 하였다. 개선점으로는 토론의 과정을 평가하여 토론의 질을 높이자는 의견이 많았다. 이러한 긍정적인 연구결과를 바탕으로 쟁점중심 가정과 토론수업을 현장에 정착시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방안모색 가정과 비판적 사고력 평가도구 개발, 효과적인 토론수업 방안 등에 대한 후속연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.