• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

This study compared classical operatic singing and applied music singing using the vocal assessment software, Dr. Speech and SPEAD from Lx Speech Studio. Participants in this study included: eight female operatic singers (mean 22.6 yrs, average career 7.5 yrs); eight male operatic singers (mean 25.6 yrs, average career 7.3 yrs); eight female applied music singers (mean 25.1 yrs, average career 6.1 yrs); and eight male applied music singers (mean 27.6 yrs, average career 6.8 yrs). The results demonstrated significantly higher closed quotient values in female applied music singers during singing (p<.05). In addition, higher closed quotient values in speaking were presented in male classical singers and longer MPT was obtained in female operatic singers (p<.05). Furthermore, singer's formants were identified in all male operatic singers and in three female operatic singers. In contrast, only one applied music male and one female singer showed singer's formants while singing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2016

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3673-3679
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• 2010

This study is prepared to suggest how to develop sight-singing and ear-training program for applied music-major students. Starting from analysing the internal environment and currently existing materials, based on the questions collected for applied music-major students, integrated program for sight-singing and ear-training was considered. The use of the various kinds of classical and popular music literature, the examples of improvisation in rhythm and harmony, based on the music theories, are focal points of this program recommended here with.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Korean Singing Voice Handicap Index (K-SVHI) was suitable for singers in other genres than vocal music to assess their vocal problems subjectively. Twenty six college students majoring in vocal music and twenty six students majoring in applied music were included in the study. They were divided into G0 and G1 in voice quality using the GRBAS scale during the tasks of singing. K-SVHI was divided into three sub-areas (Physical, Functional, and Emotional). In the singing task, both groups showed no significant difference between K-SVHI scores by G scale. In the reading task, the vocal music group had significantly higher K-SVHI in G0 than in G1 in K-SVHIs by G scale, while the applied vocal music group had significantly higher K-SVHI in G1 than in G0. Also, the two groups were not significantly different in G0, G1 in the singing task while the vocal music group showed higher K-SVHI than the applied vocal music group in G0 in the reading task. In addition, the vocal music group had higher K-SVHI than the applied vocal music group in G1 in both tasks. As comparing by groups in three sub-areas of K-SVHI, significant differences were found in the Emotional and Functional area. Those results showed that singers felt their voice problems differently by musical genres, which means that K-SVHI may not be a proper tool for evaluating voice handicap of singers in diverse voice music genres.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2491-2496
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• 2012

From the year 2000, an ironic phenomenon struck the Korean pop field with a number of male vocalists singing with similar voice tone colors and with almost the same vocal techniques. People called it "So-mo-ri", and this technique caught on with the public during that period of time. In the early 80s, plenty of vocalists tried to imitate Cho Yong-phil's singing method after his hit song 'Lady outside the window'. However, producing and releasing albums with the same singing method had never been done in history. In this study, I would like to analyse and conclude what the "So-mo-ri" technique was and how this technique began. I would further like to research the vocalization methods that were used.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2006

1. Objectives The present study purposed to examine the contents and the principles of music therapy according to Oriental medicine theories in order to prove that music therapy is not a new research area but its principle is found in the long tradition of Oriental medicine. 2. Methods We investigate the possibility of music therapy based on Oriental medicine theories and examine the meanings of music therapy from the viewpoint of Oriental medicine. 3. Conclusions and discussions (1) The principles of music therapy are the principle of homogeneity, catharsis and balance. (2) When one’s mind changes, there are naturally occurred sounds, which are called Oseong (五聲: the oriental five voices exhalation, laughing, singing, wailing and groaning), and the notes defined by arranging the Oseong according to the principle of Ohaeng (五行: the oriental five phases wood, fire, earth, metal, water) are Oheum (五音: the oriental five musical notes Gakeum, Chieum, Gungeum, Sangeum and Wooeum.). If Eum (musical notes) is classified into Ohaeng, it can be divided into Gakeum, Chieum, Gungeum, Sangeum and Wooeum. (3) Change of Sinji (神志: consciousness) induces change of Gigi (氣機: function of Gi), which can change the character of voices. Oseong controls the functions of Ojang (五臟: the oriental five viscera) by ruling one’s Jeongji (情志: emotion). It can reduce the damage of the viscera caused by excessive vent of emotion resulted from unconscious expression of Oseong - Hoseong (呼聲: exhalation), Soseong (笑聲: laughing), Gaseong (歌聲: singing), Gokseong (哭聲: wailing) and Sinseong (呻聲: groaning). (4) Yijeongseungjeong (以情勝情: Control emotion with emotion) therapies, which suppresses an emotion by stimulating another, include Noseungsabeop (怒勝思法: Control anxiety with anger), Heeseungbibeop (喜勝悲法: Control sorrow with joyfulness), (思勝恐法: Control fear with anxiety), Biseungnobeop (悲勝愁法: Control anger with sorrow) and Gongseungheebeop (恐勝喜法: Control joyfulness with fear). (5) Seongeum (聲音: voices and musical notes) can be applied to a stimulation method that not only harmonizes the rhythm of living organs but also controls the occurrence of diseases caused by mutual Pyeonseongpyeonsoi (偏盛偏衰: relative preponderance and weakness) through direct induction of the strength and weakness of Gi function of the oriental five viscera in a human body according to the individual character. Sounds preferred by the patient, the material of an instrument selected by the patient, the character of rhythm and music expressed by the patient and the sound or voice uttered frequently by the patient can be considered in diagnosis and treatments for the patient’s body and mind.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.409-415
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• 2015

Summary. With the advent of the internet and the concept of social network service, people of present days are flooded daily with new varieties of the communication channel. One of the most affected group of people may be singing artists. This over-growing number of communication channels pushes singers to put just as many efforts to establish and groom his or her unique identity as an artist. In old 'pre-internet' days, any singing artist's superficial features, like the tone of voice or stage presentation, were the only transcriptive criteria upon which the artist was adjudicated. New developments in technology, however, have set a new paradigm for singing artists of the present day. Respective criteria of today extend beyond the realm of music and comprise musicianship, requiring much scrupulous attention on the various area to propagate and protect one's unique identity as an artist. In light of this phenomenon, this study looks into Mr. Lee, Seung Hwan whom may undoubtedly be one of the most representative ballad singers of 90's. We can probably see his music in 5 features such as Rock Sound based on using various instruments, World Music Sound, Massive Choir, Challenge for the New Style, Lyrics of Life. As a singer-songwriter, he colored numerous albums and influenced the era, unlike many others. He still works vigorously, worthy of his epithet, a 'present-progressive' artist. The object of this study is how Mr. Lee has been proactively dealing with the phenomenon above.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.591-600
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was to observe the effects of music therapy on the cognitive function, behavior, and emotions of elderly dementia patients, and to seek musical mediation for them. This study was conducted with patients in the Dementia Sanitarium in C City from March 13 to April 17. Method: The design of research was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design and the subjects were 25 patients-15 of whom were in the experimental group with 10 in the control group. The music therapy consisted of favorite music listening in the morning, favorite music group singing activity after lunch, and relaxing music listening after dinner. The schedule was followed 6 days a week for 2 weeks for a total of thirty-six session. The effect of music therapy was measured by MMSE-K and the behavior and emotion measuring equipment which had been derived by the researcher. The verification of the effects is that the score of cognitive function, behavior, and emotions of the experimental and the control group which were measured after the therapy had been applied was analyzed by descriptive statistics and t - test using SPSS WIN program. Result: 1) The degree of cognitive function of the experimental group which was received the music therapy is $11.53{\pm}5.37$ which is a little higher than the control group which is $11.20{\pm}6.32$, but it is not significant statistically (t= .14, p= .887). The first hypothesis which had assumed the recepients would have had a higher cognitive function level than the other was rejected. 2) Behavior score of the experimental group that received the music therapy is $68.90{\pm}7.86$ which is higher than the control group which is $66.40{\pm}11.13$, but it is not significant statistically(t= .61, p= .548). The second hypothesis which had assumed the recepients would have had a higher behavior level than the other was rejected. 3) Emotions score of the experimental group that received the music therapy is $42.13{\pm}5.04$ which is higher than the control group which is $35.20{\pm}6.12$, and it is significant statistically(t=3..09, p= .009). The third hypothesis which assumed the recepients would have had a higher emotion level was supported. Conclusion: music therapy which is composed of listening to music and group singing activity is an effective strategy for improvement of the emotions of the dementia elderly. But, the effect of music therapy on the cognitive function and behavior of elderly dementia patients is not significant statistically.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

A research project was conducted to assess the levels of noise exposed to "Noraebang" users and potential hazards to noise-induced hearing loss due to commercial Noraebang noise. A two-way, mixed-factors factorial design was employed for the experiment using independent variables of "noise source" (no- singer, 1-singer, and 2-singer conditions) and "music type" (Trot, Ballad, and Rock music) with 18 normal hearing subjects. Each singer group sang 5 popular songs of each music type in each signing condition, whereas background music was just played for the no-singer condition. For each music played/sung, equivalent continuous sound pressure levels and maximum sound pressure levels were measured for data analysis purposes. Pure-tone audiometry was applied for measuring subjects' hearing threshold levels before and after exposure to Noraebgang noise. The statistical analyses indicate that average continuous noise levels due to Noraebang leisure environment were very serious, especially when two people were singing (higher than 95 dBA). Furthermore, maximum noise levels often exceeded the OSHA's non-premissible 115 dBA level. Worse yet, hearing loss assessment implies that Noraebang facilities may pose a serious threat to noise-induced hearing loss, based on 6-8 dB loss at 125 Hz and 8 dB loss at 4000 Hz after about 1-hour Noraebang noise exposure.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.455-460
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• 2017

In popular music, soul music is becoming an evaluation criteria in Korea. Blues, a songer music that was singing and lamenting Filed Holler and their suffering in a vast land of black blood and sweat, which became the mother of music to understand our enthusiastic soul music. And the only spiritual haven, church music and important musicians. Especially in the 1960s Americans social background is the most important factor to understand the soul music of birth time. Our country, which has undergone tremendous colonial rule amid numerous foreign invasions, is naturally ashamed of its aging skies. For Black-Americans soul music is an expression and anger expression anger. However, many musicians, who are flooded with floods in our country, are destined to experience the essence of life. 'Soul music' the noble choice of choice music, is known to be the ultimate reminder of the misery of the eternal disaster. As soul music has become a powerful it is understandable that it has become an exaggeration.