• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 1992

With a purpose of finding out the effects of cattle slurry application on thc nutrient contents of herbages and energy productivity in grassland, a field experiment was conducted with two times and five levels of cattle slurry application. The experimental field was designed in a split-plot with threc replications, and lasted from September, 1986 to October, 1990 at the Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The net energy(NEL, StE and TDN) contents of grasses in the plots with cattle slurry application just after cutting were slightly higher when compared to manuring 15 days after cutting. but DCP content has reverse trend. 2. Average net energy(NEL. StE and TDN) and DCP production of the plot with cattle slurry application 15 days after cutting were insignificantly increased by 26 % than those of manuring just after cutting. The energy and DCP yields in the plot with cattle slurry and with slurry + mineral fertilizer were decreased by 21 -27 % and 8- 11 %, respectively than those of the plot with single dressing of mineral fertilizer. 3. Mineral contents of grasses were not significant difference among the treatments of cattle slurry. but considering nutrient balance of animals, application of cattle slurry of 30-$60m^3$/ha with mineral fertilizer was profitable as compared to the other treatments.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate control effect of Spodoptera litura using nucleopolyhedrovirus in chrysanthemum seedlings of open field and plastic house. Values of LT$_{50}$ of treatment 1.0$\times$10$^{6.8}$ PIBs/ml were 6.2-5.1 days in open field and 6.9-5.4 days in plastic house. Values of LT$_{50}$ and LT$_{95}$ were shorter in open field than in plastic house. Cumulative mortality was 100% in 1.0$\times$10$^{7.8}$ PIBs/ml and also higher in open field than in plastic house. In chrysanthemum field, organic synthetic insecticide (endosulfan EC) killed S. litura larvae in 2 days after application. Motality of S. litura larva inoculated with S. litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SINPV) 1.0$\times$10$^{6.8}$ PIBs/ml was found out from 4 days after application and maintained during 14 days. Protection values of with SINPV 1.0$\times$10$^{8}$ PIBs/ml after 16 days were 94.0% and 89.4% in open field and plastic house, respectively, and those of endosulfan 350 ppm were 91.4% and 88.6%, respectively.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 2009

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.225-241
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• 2004

Objectives & Methods: We investigated 45 books to study etiology, pathology and acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment of diarrhea. Result and Conclusion 1. The pathogenic factors of diarrhea are external sensation(外邪感受), jungjishiljo(情志失調), weakness of the spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), improper diet(飮食不節), sinyanghueson(腎陽虧損), sueumyujang(水飮留腸), liver Gi invades the sp1een(肝氣乘脾), uhhyuljeche(瘀血阻滯). 2. The etiological cause of diarrhea are closely related to the malfunction of the spleen & stomach(脾胃) and the related jang and bu(臟腑)'s pathological alternation such as spleen & stomach(脾胃), large intestine(大腸), small intestine(小腸), liver(肝), sp1een(脾), and kidney(腎). 3. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of diarrhea with the meridian system are in the following order from the most often mentioned meridian system to the least, urinary bladder meridian(膀胱經), spleen meridian(脾經), stomach meridian(胃經), conception channel meridian(任脈經), liver mehdian(肝經), governor channel meridian(督脈經), large intestine meridian(大腸經), lung meridian(肺經), triple-warmer meridian(三焦經), gall bladder meridian(膽經), Pericardium meridian(心包經). 4. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of diarrhea with meridian point are in the following order from the most often mentioned meridian point to the least, Cheonchu(天樞) sixteen times, Sin-gwol(神厥) fifteen times, Joksamni(足三理), Gwanwon(關元) each twelve times, Daejangsu(大腸兪) eleven times, Taechung(太衝), Bisu(脾兪), Sojangsu(小腸兪) each ten times,Sinsu(腎兪) nine times, CC12(中脘) eight times, Samchosu(三焦兪), gokcheon(曲泉), Harweom(下廉) each seven times, Samgan(三間), Sameungyo(三陰交), Yisa(意舍), Jungnyo, Gyeungmun(京門) each six times, Gyeonggol(京骨), Jangmun(章門) each five times, Sangnyeom(上廉), Hapgok(合谷), Yangmun(梁門), Sanggu(商丘), Yanggang(陽綱), Hoeyang(會陽), Gihyeol(氣穴), Taegye(太谿), Gihae(氣海) each four times.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.10-19
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• 2008

Objective : To investigate the effects of Radix Ophiopogon japonieus on atopic dermatitis, I prepared DNCB(2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen) induced atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice and observed the mice by four ways; eye observation, the number of skin behavior times, histological changes of skin and cytokine(Total IgE, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$). Methods : After prepare Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract, DNCB induced atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups. The first is Control group which was intact group. The second is Medication group which was orally medicated Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract one time a day for consecutive 5 days. The third group is Application group which was applied Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract externally one time a day for consecutive 5 days. After that, the effect of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus on atopic dermatitis was observed. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kmskal-Wallis test and statistical significance was set at less than 5%. Results : 1. Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed some in both Medication group and Application At observation of skin morphologic change, effects to prevent erythema reaction on skin group. 2. At the number of scratching behavior times, Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an effect to decrease scratching behavior times, but there was no statistical significance among three groups. 3. At skin tissue H-E stain, Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an effect to prevent skin epidermal tissue damages and also showed that it could keep the skin healthy in both Medication group and Application group. Especially in Application group, the skin of mouse showed almost normal recovery. 4. At cytokines, there was no statistical significance among three groups in IgE and IL-4. But Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an significant effect to suppress $IFN-{\gamma}$ in both Medication group and Application group. There was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion : Radix Ophiopogon japonicus has some effects on atopic dermatitis in both internal medication and external application.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2000

This study was conducted to improvement of control efficiency on clubroot disease. To improve the control efficiency on clubroot disease of chinese cabbage by chemical persistent effect, Flusulfamide DP was examined with soil mixed treatment. When Flusulfamide DP was applied, the more application times, the higher control value. The control value and marketable yield per 10a of the untreated cultivation plot after two application of Flusulfamide DP were 53.9%, 4,822kg, respectively. However, based on marketability and marketable yield, untreated cultivation plot after two application of Flusulfamide DP has been thought as economic application times compared to three times application. On the other hand, the combination of soil mixing and bed soil mixing treatment Flusulfamide DP was more effective than each treatment. The control value and marketable yield of the combination treatment was 73.3∼88.9%, 5,633∼5,770kg, those of soil mixing 66.7∼70.0%, 2,847∼3,167kg, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2002

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of application level of animal manure on the nitrate nitrogen concentration, sugar content and animal intake of forage sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. Pionee. 988) in 1995. The application amount of animal manure were 50, 100 and 150MT in cattle manure, 20, 40 and 80MT in swine manure, and 10, 20 and 40MT/ha in poultry manure. Non-application plot(control) was involved. The nitrate nitrogen concentration was increased with increasing of application level of animal manure(P<0.05). Average nitrate nitrogen concentration was 397, 512, and 609mg/kg at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The nitrate nitrogen concentration by plant height was 438mg/kg at 50~60m of plant height, 454mg at 100~120cm, and 418mg at 200~220cm. The nitrate nitrogen concentration of stems was 376mg, and significantly higher than that(135mg) of leaves(P<0.05) regardless of animal manure type, and lower parts of stems and leaves were significantly higher than those of upper parts of plants(P<0.05). Average nitrate nitrogen concentration of leaves was 151mg at lower, and 58mg at upper parts of plants, and the concentration of stems was 357mg at lower, 511mg at middle, and 610mg at upper parts of plants. The sugar contents of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid was decreased with increasing of application level of animal manure(P<0.05). Average sugar content was 4.9, 4.4, and 4.3。 at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The sugar content by plant height was 3.9。 at 50~60 and 100~120cm of plant height, and 6.1。 at 200~220cm of plant height. Animal intake of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid was decreased greatly with increasing of application level of animal manure. Average intake was 73.9, 55.7, and 52.3% at low, medium and high application level of animal manure. The intake by animal manure type was 73.7% in cattle, 59.7% in swine and 62.5% in poultry manure.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.635-641
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• 2012

In Korea, slurry composted and biofiltered (SCB) liquid fertilizer is produced through the composting and biofiltering of animal waste. An appropriate guidelines involving proper treatment of SCB liquid fertilizer on turfgrass should be considered. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum application amount, timing, and frequency of SCB liquid fertilizer for Zoysia japonica 'Millock'. The SCB liquid fertilizer was applied in low, medium, and high amount (N at 15, 25, and 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year in 2010, and 10, 20, and 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year in 2011, respectively) and treated during the growing season or dormancy period. During the growing season, SCB liquid fertilizer was applied twice or four times. The greatest improvement in turf quality for both years was in SCB plots applied four times with N at 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year during the growing season (SH4). This treatment exhibited turf color retention in the fall, and enhanced clipping yield during the growing and fall seasons. SCB plots with four times during the growing season (SL4, SM4, and SH4) exhibited higher shoot density relative to the same amount of other SCB treatments. Plots treated during the dormancy period also showed a high turf color index during the next growing season in 2011. The results indicate that SCB with high amount up to N at 40 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ per year applied four times during the growing season and dormant application produced high turf quality and growth, and could be recommended as an optimum application guide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.389-393
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• 2003

Present study investigate the effect of enzyme supplementation, methods (applied to rumen or enzyme treated diet) compared with no enzyme diet, on rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with three rumen cannulated Korean Native goats. In situ rumen degradation kinetics was studied in three rumen cannulated Holstein steers. Three diets were, no enzyme, 1% enzyme in rumen and 1% enzyme in diet. The enzyme was sprayed onto forage, and the forage: concentrate ratio was 30:70. Degradation kinetics was studied with three enzyme levels (0, 1 and 2%, w/w) and four pre-treatment times (0, 1, 12 and 24 h). Results suggested that enzyme application method did not affect rumen fermentation, ruminal enzyme activity and total tract apparent digestibility. Nutrient degradation rate and effective degradability of DM, NDF and ADF increased with increasing enzyme level and pre-treatment times. Degradation of nutrients was affected by enzymes levels or pre-treatment times. Therefore, it is probable that the improved degradation may be due to the supplemented exogenous hydrolytic enzymes under a certain condition.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

In this paper, ablation rate of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics by femtosecond laser fluence is derived with experimental method. The automatic three axis linear stage makes laser optics to move with high spatial resolution. With 10 times objective lens, minimal pattern width of $Al_2O_3$ is measured in the focal plane. Ablated surface area is shown as linear tendency increasing number of machining times with various laser power conditions. Machining times is most sensitive condition to control $Al_2O_3$ pattern width. Also, the linear increment of pattern width with laser power change is investigated. In high machining speed, the ablation volume rate is more linear with fluence because pulse overlap is minimized in this condition. Thermal effect to surrounding medium can be minimized and clean laser process without melting zone is possible in high machining speed. Ablation volume rate decelerates as increasing machining times and multiple machining times should be considered to achieve proper ablation width and depth.