• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2005

본 시험은 제주지역에서 한지형 잔디의 적정 질소 분시 횟수를 구명하기 위하여 2004년 3월 26일부터 7월 8일까지 질소시비량을 20kg/10a로 고정하고, 15일 간격으로 1회에서 5회까지 분시하여 잔디의 식생변화를 조사하였다. 초장은 4~5회 분시에서 각각 21.8cm, 21.9cm로 가장 길었으나, 시비횟수가 적어짐에 따라 초장은 참아졌다. 근장과 엽록소는 초장반응과 비슷한 경향이었다. 질소 시비횟수가 1회에서 5회로 증가함에 따라 엽중은 1,091kg에서 1,485kg/10a로, 근중은 2,236kg에서 2,808kg/110a로 증가되었다. 질소분시 횟수가 1회에서 5회로증가함에 따라 잔디의 피도는 $96.0\%$에서 $98.4\%$로 증가되었으나, 잡초는 $4.0\%$에서 $1.6\%$로 감소되었다. 잔디의 밀도는 $97.4\%$에서 $98.9\%$로 증가되고 있는 반면, 잡초의 밀도는 $2.6\%$에서 $1.1\%$로 감소되는 경향이었다. 질소분시 횟수가 전량 시비구에서 5회로 증가됨에 따라 침입잡초는 15.7종에서 11.8종으로 감소되었다. 잡초의 우점순위는 전량 시비구에서 쇠비름, 여뀌, 별꽃 순위였으며, 2회 분시에서 쇠비름, 여뀌, 바랭이 순위로, 3회 분시에서 바랭이, 쇠비름, 여뀌 순위로, 4회와 5회 분시에서 쇠비름, 새포아풀, 여뀌 순위였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 제주지역에서 질소비료를 4회 분시하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.597-606
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of the Compoglass Carvifil bonded on the dentin surface according to etching or non-etching and two time application or three time application of single component. Human non-carious 60 extracted 3rd molar were used. The occlusal dentin surfaces of all teeth were exposed with Diamond Wheel Saw and polished with Lapping & Polishing machine(South Bay Technology Co., U.S.A). The teeth were then distributed randomly into four groups of 15 teeth each and dentin surface were conditioned as following. Control group : Non-etching, two times application of Syntac Single Component. (According to manufacture's instruction) Experimental group 1 : Non-etching, three times application of Syntac Single Component. Experimental group : 2 Etching, two times application of Syntac Single Component. Experimental group 3 : Etching, three times application of Syntac Single Component. Compoglass were bonded to exposed dentin surfaces and all samples were placed in distilled water for 7 days. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine (SHIMADAZU AUTOGRAPH, AGS-4D., Japan). The results were as follows : 1. Experimental group 3 revealed the highest value (30.75${\pm}$4.74 MPa) and control group revealed the lowest value(14.85${\pm}$2.69 MPa). There was significant difference of shear bond strength among four groups(P<0.01) 2. The acid-etching groups (experimental group 2, 3) had higher shear bond strengths than non etching groups(control group and experimental group 1). 3. The additional application of Syntac single component groups revealed a higher bond strength than two times application groups (control group and experimental group 2).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) level on the dry matter (DM) yield, N concentration and oxalate content of some tropical grasses, namely Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana), Guineagrass (Panicum maximum) and Sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare). Three levels of N as urea were applied (Standard- 260, $Standard{\times}2$- 540 and$Standard{\times}4$- 1,060 kg N/ha for Rhodesgrass; Standard- 380, $Standard{\times}2$- 770 and $Standard{\times}4$- 1,570 kg N/ha for Guineagrass and Sudangrass) in a completely randomized design and grasses were harvested twice at approximately two-month intervals. Dry matter yield tended to be higher with increased rate of N fertilizer in all species, while further additional N ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) did not significantly (p>0.05) further increase DM yield, when compared with the Standard level of N fertilizer application. There was also a trend towards higher N concentration in plants as N fertilization increased in all species and it was increased significantly in Rhodesgrass and Sudangrass (p<0.05 or p<0.01, respectively). Further additional N ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) application showed no significant (p>0.05) differences on oxalate content in plant tissue within species, when compared with the Standard level of N. The Rhodesgrass contained 0.11, 0.13 and 0.15% soluble oxalate and 0.23, 0.25 and 0.27% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively. The Guineagrass contained 0.54, 0.50 and 0.42% soluble oxalate and 1.60, 1.56 and 1.45% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively. The Sudangrass contained 0.06, 0.15 and 0.12% soluble oxalate and 0.22, 0.22 and 0.21% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively The results from this study suggest that these grasses do not use further addition of N fertilizer ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) to form high content of oxalate salts, when compared with the Standard level of N. In addition, the levels of oxalate present with these grasses are quite low as far as toxicity to animals is concerned.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1974

신개지(新開地)에 있어서의 재배조건(栽培條件) 및 토양성질(土壤性質)의 변화(變化)가 대두수량(大豆收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코저 광교품종(光敎品種)을 공시(供試)하여 재식밀도(栽植密度), 퇴비사용(堆肥施用), 석회(石灰)와 근류(根瘤) 균접종(菌接種) 및 요소용(要素施用)등의 4 요인(要因)을 4 반복(反復)의 $2^4$요인시험(要因試驗)을 실시(實施)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. (1) 밀식(密植), 퇴비(堆肥), 3 요소(要素)의 시용(施用)으로 무처리구(無處理區) 보다 각각 1.7, 1.4, 2.1 배(倍)의 수량증가(收臺增加)를 표시(表示)하였고 또 밀식(密植)${\times}$퇴비(堆肥), 밀식(密植)${\times}$3요소(要素), 퇴비(堆肥)${\times}$3요소(要素), 밀식(密植)${\times}$퇴비(堆肥)${\times}$석회근류균(石灰根瘤菌)${\times}$3요소(要素)의 상호결합(相互結合)에 있어서는 각각 2.0, 3.0, 2.6, 5.4배(倍)의 수량증대(收量增大)를 보였다. 그러나 석회(石灰)와 근류균(根瘤菌)의 시용(施用)의 경우(境遇)에는 증수효과(增收效果)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. (2) 수량(收量)이 많을 경우(境遇)에 100 입중(粒重)도 큰 경향(傾向)이 인정(認定)되었다. (3) 전(全) 시험군(試驗區)의 pH는 대두재배(大豆栽培)에 의해서 중성화(中性化)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. (4) 퇴비(堆肥) 및 3 요소(要素)의 시용(施用)에 있어서는 토양(土壤)중의 부식(腐植), 전질소(全窒素), 유효인산의 함량(含量)이 증대(增大)되었다. (5) 자일수량(子實收量)의 처리구별(處理區別) 변동양상(變動樣相)은 토양(土壞)중의 유효인산(有效燐酸)의 함량(含量)과 밀접(密接)한 병행적(竝行的) 관계(關係)를 유지(維持)하면서 변동(變動)하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

In this paper, we proposed an application which can conduct to take repetition images for special effect shooting at movies or drama using Bluetooth of smart device. The proposed application can move a camera with motors several times as the same moving after saving of the control data based on the application during specific time using Bluetooth. At the repetition moving, we do not permit to control motors of the camera by person for keeping the same start position and end position after saving the moving data. The camera motors are only moved remotely by saving data of the proposed application. We developed the proposed application and a hardware which works motors with camera to check performance evaluation. Then, we confirmed that the proposed application exactly did the same moving to the motors with camera several times according to saved data. Therefore, because the proposed application can take a same images as control remotely the motors of camera, it will be a useful technology for special effect shooting of movies or dramas.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.199-202
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• 1980

실소시비량 및 재식거리간 벼 흰빛잎마름병 발병과 관계를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 질소시비량과 발병과는 시비량의 증가에 따라 발병율이 많아지는 경향을 나타냈으며, 7.5kg/10a<15kg/10a<30kg/10a의 순으로 발병이 높았다. 2. 질소시비량이 배비(30kg/10a)일 경우에는 재식거리와는 관계없이 전체적으로 높은 발병율을 나타내었다. 3. 표준시비구(15kg/10a)에서는 $10\times20cm,\;15\times30cm$(표준재식거리)에서 발병도에 큰 차이를 볼 수 없었으나, 재식거리가 넓은 구$(20\times40cm)$에서 발병이 높았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1999

석탄회가 토양의 투수성을 개선하는데 이용될 수 있을까 알아보기 인하여 토성이 서로 다른 4가지 토양, 식토, 식양토, 사질식양토, 사토에 무연탄회와 유연탄회를 각각 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%(w, $w^{-1}$)를 처리하고, 직경 5.4 cm 길이 11 cm의 스테인레스스틸 관에 토양컬럼을 만들어 항압법에 의하여 포화수리전도도 (Ks)를 측정하였다. 무연탄회와 유연탄회의 입자는 다같이 구형이었고, 입자의 크기 분포는 미사질이었다. 무연탄회 입자 표면은 매끄러웠고 반면에 유연탄회의 표면은 약간 거친편이었지만, 그들의 포화수리전도도값은 거의 비슷하였고, 토양에 처리하였을 때 포화수리전도도에 미치는 효과도 거의 같았다. 투수성이 불량한 식토에 석탄회 20%를 처리하여 Ks값이 $10^{-8}m\;s^{-1}$ 수준에서 $10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ 수준으로 10배정도 증가되는 효과가 있었으나, 40% 이상 처리에서는 그 이상의 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 식양토에 대한 석탄회 처리는 $10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ 수준의 Ks값이 그대로 유지되었으며, 영향을 주지 못하였다. 한편 투수성이 비교적 높은 사질식양토에 석탄회를 10%처리함으로써 Ks값이 $10^{-5}m\;s^{-1}$에서 $10^{-6}m\;s^{-1}$수준으로 10배정도 감소되었고 20%이상 처리하였을 경우 $5.0{\times}10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ 경우 수준으로 거의 50배 감소되었다. 투수성이 너무 높아 보수력이 거의 없는 사토에서는 석탄회 10% 처리하였을 경우 Ks값이 $10^{-4}m\;s^{-1}$에서 $10^{-5}m\;s^{-1}$수준으로 10배정도 감소되었고 20% 처리하였을 경우에는 $10^{-6}m\;s^{-1}$ 수준으로 100배정도 감소되었으며 40% 정도 처리하였을 때 $5.0{\times}10^{-7}m\;s^{-1}$ 수준으로 약 500배 감소되어 보수력이 증가할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2004

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying times and dilution rates of cattle slurry on dry matter yields of orchard grass. Cattle slurry was applied at the rates of average mineral nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 150 kg/ha/year in 3 cutting frequency. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no fertilization (3.04 ton DM/ha) were recorded in the application of diluted cattle slurry(5.38~6.25 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). Especially, this tendency was shown with higher annual dry matter yields at the partitioned dressing times, such as at the applications for 1st and 2nd growth, 1st and 3rd growth, and 1st, 2nd and 3rd growth respectively. The yields of annual dry matter both at fertilizing phosphorus and potassium, and phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were higher than no fertilization as 5.41 tons and 8.78 tons per ha respectively. However, with application of diluted cattle slurry, dry matter yield par year (5.84 ton DM/ha) was higher than those of fertilizing phosphorus and potassium. The efficiencies of dry matter production with mineral and cattle slurry nitrogen application (kg DM/kg N) were 225 and 15.8~18.7 kg DM/kg N respectively. Especially, these tendencies were higher in diluted application plots than in no-diluted application plots of cattle slurry.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.87-90
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• 2004

This paper proposes 4-STTD(4${\times}$l) technique for the shake of application of W-CDMA which expand Alamouti STTD(2${\times}$l) technique. As the result of analyzing 4-STTD(4${\times}$l) technique proposed in this paper, we can see improvement of quality by approximately 2.2 dB rather than Alamouti STTD(2${\times}$l) technique

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.149-154
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• 1990

Various rates of 2, 4-2 were sprayed on 2 and 3 year old ginseng plants as fouler spray to define the critical concentration. No apparent plant injury was noticeable for those ginseng plants when application concentration of 2, 4-D doubled the recommended dosage (70 mil 10a). Neither abnormal fouler change occurred nor any inhibition in leaf and stem growth was resulted for the plants treated with 2, 4-D concentrated two times of the recommended dosage. When the rates of 2, 4-D application were increased greater than this level, injury ratings increased linearly with the rates of 2, 4-D application and plant growth was inhibited. Ethylene gas was not produced from the ginseng plant treated with 2 times concentrated 2, 4-D, how- ever the ginseng plants produced 0.03 to 0.09 ppd ethylene gas when the rate of application were increased 3 and 4 times, respectively. On the other hand the soybean treated with the recommended amount of 2i-D produced ethylene gas of 10-20 times higher compared with ginseng plants and died. Photosynthesis ability of the ginseng leaf was significantly decreased by 2, 4.D fouler application but it was recovered 4 weeks after 2, 4-D fouler treatment. The herbicide 2, 4-D was appreciated to 2, 3 and 4 years old ginseng plants as fouler spray with the rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times of the recommended dosage to define the effects of 2, 4-D on the plant growth and root yield of the ginseng, There were no significant differences in the leaf and stem growth between untreated and 2, 4-D treated plant. Berry maturing of 3 and 4 year old ginseng was not influenced by 2, 4-D. The root weight of 4 years old ginseng plant was not reduced b). application of 2, 4-D concentrated 2 times of the recommended dosage. Application time of the herbicide 2, 4-D had no effects on the leaf or stem growth of 2, 3 and 4 year old year old ginseng plants. When the ginseng seedling was treated with 2, 4-D, detrimental phenomena as stem bending and deceleration of seedling leaf margin occurred, but stem bending was recovere d in a few day.