• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.43-57
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• 1983

The purpose of the study, was to investigate Housewives behavior on how to buy refrigerators and how to use them. Besides, their knowledge and keeping ability of electricity and refrigerator is estimated according to regional differences, their ages, their educational courses, and their income. In the report, W e can see if it is related to the years of married life, numbers of the family, having jobs or not, and numbers of marketing a week. The subjects were 675 mothers of the students in the selected schools, at Seoul, Cheongjoo, and Kwesan gun. They answered to the questionnaire devised for the study. their answers were analyzed in percent to grasp their general trend of electricity and electric Appliance. Chi-square test and F-test are chosen to grasp the Cor-relationships between the related variables. The results are as follows: 1) The average rate of possesing the refrigerators is 84.06%. It shows us that the housewives in Seoul possess the more refrigerators than those in other areas. At ages, form 30 to 40 aged women gave the most refrigerators than any other ages women. It reveals us the high income and high educational housewives have high rate of possessing refrigerators. 2) They answered that they purchased the refrigerators by necessity. we can see their motivation of purchasing them is very reasonable. However, we can see that they do not manage the refrigerators well, because the rate of using them during four seasons is only 12.34%, An age of 20year old housewives mostly purchased the refrigerators at the time of marriage. The women who bought them after marriage answered that they mostly took a consultation with their husbands when they bought the refrigerators. They regarded the trade marks of the manufactures and size of the refrigerators, as they bought them. And most of them bought the refrigerators for cash. 3)At homes in Seoul, the kinds of retained foods in the refrigerator are more than those of the house in the city and in the agricultural town. The high income and high educational housewives tend to retain the more kinds of foods. But there are no significant differences between the essential variables such as the numbers of the family, the housewives having jobs or not, and the numbers of marketing. 4)Generally their knowledge on electricity and the refrigerator is very low. However, it shows the statistically significant differences. the housewives in Seoul have more information about refrigerator than the housewives in agricultural town. At ages , the women less than 29 years old have more information about the refrigerator, and the woman who had university education and high income tend to know much about the refrigerator. 5) The keeping ability of the refrigerator is very good, and there are no significant differences among variables. And also it shows that there is no correlationship between their knowledge and their keeping ability.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2006

컨텐츠를 기반으로 인터넷 웜등의 유해 패킷을 네트워크에서 차단하는 기술은 탐지의 정확도와 네트워크 성능의 한계 극복 이라는 두 가지 문제에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 특히 멀티 기가비트 성능을 기본으로 하는 현재의 전달 네트워크에서 고속으로 웜 트래픽을 차단하는 능력이 주요 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 본 논문은 라우터 혹은 방화벽과 같은 통신 및 보안 장비에 주요 기술로 사용되는 네트워크 프로세서 환경에서 멀티 기가비트 수준으로 고속 원 필터링이 가능한 구현 구조를 제안한다. 고속 원 필터링을 위한 설계의 특징으로는 네트워크 프로세서가 가지는 내부 레지스터와 메모리의 자원 한계점을 극복하기 위하여 Bloom Filter를 활용하였고, 특히 버퍼 오버플로우 기법을 이용하는 웹들에 대해 단순 패턴매칭 뿐만 아니라, 유해 코드의 길이 검사를 수용할 수 있는 구조로 시그너처 관리가 확장 가능하도록 설계되었다. 설계된 고속 웜-필터링 구조를 기가비트 이더넷 인터페이스를 가진 Intel IXP 네트워크 프로세서 플랫폼에서 마이크로 코드형태로 구현하였고, 알려진 원들이 포함된 트래픽을 사용하여 그 성능을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

Purpose: For aesthetic reasons, composite resin brackets are widely used. However, related studies are rare. This pilot study sought to compare the stress distributions in two commercially available composite resin brackets with metal slot. Materials and Methods: Two commercially available resin brackets -- full-metal slot resin bracket (fSRB) and partial-metal slot resin bracket (pSRB) with straight wire appliance dimension of $0.022{\times}0.028$ in -- were selected. In each bracket, 3-dimensional finite element models were constructed, and stress level was evaluated using finite element analysis. By loading the tipping force and torsion moment, which are similar to those applied by the stainless steel rectangular wire ($0.019{\times}0.025$ -in), stress distributions were calculated, and von Mises stress values were obtained. Results: In pSRB and fSRB, the stress value of the torque moment was much higher than that of the tipping force. The pSRB showed higher stress value than fSRB in both tipping force and torque moment because of the difference in size and configuration of the metal frame inserted into the slot. More stress was also found to be concentrated on the slot area than the wing area in fSRB. Conclusion: The slot form of fSRB was found to be more resistant to the stress of tipping and torque than the slot form of pSRB. In addition, the slot areas -- rather than the wing areas -- of the bracket showed breakage susceptibility. Therefore, resistance to the torque moment on the slot area should be considered in bracket design.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.343-368
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• 2011

이 연구는 정부의 국민연금기금 지배구조 개편안을 비판적으로 해석하고 대안적 개편 방향을 모색하고자 한 것이다. 우선 수익성과 금융적 전문성 강화를 기조로 하는 정부 개편안의 이론적 기반이자, 최근 들어 공적 연기금 지배구조에 관한 논의에서 주류를 이루는 대리인 이론에 대해 비판적으로 검토하였다. 이어서 공적연기금 거버넌스에서 대리인 이론을 바로 적용하기보다는 민주주의 원칙이 핵심이 되어야 한다는 입장에서, 공적 연기금 지배구조 구성 원칙을 기존과는 다른 방향에서 재구성하였다. 이런 대안적 원칙을 기반으로 정부가 내놓은 국민연금기금 지배구조 개편안을 평가하였다. 정부 개혁안은 공적연기금 지배구조의 민주주의 원칙을 후퇴시킬 뿐만 아니라, 개혁의 명분으로 내세우는 연기금의 정치적 자율성을 확보를 위해서도 결코 적절한 대안이 아니며, 금융시장으로부터의 독립성을 저하시킨다. 따라서 대리인 이론에 의거한 원칙들을 그대로 적용하기보다는, 민주주의 원칙에 충실한, 국가와 시민사회의 협치구조 구성을 핵심으로 하는 방향의 국민연금기금 지배구조 개편안이 제시될 필요가 있다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.569-575
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 소아 청소년기 교정환자에 있어서 음파 칫솔과 일반 칫솔의 치태 제거 효과를 비교하는 것이다. 삼성서울병원 소아치과에서 고정식 교정 장치 치료를 받는 건강한 소아 청소년 환자 21명 (여자: 10명, 평균나이 $14.57{\pm}2.28$년; 남자: 11명, 평균나이 $13.04{\pm}1.55$년)을 대상으로 음파 칫솔(Sonicare$^{(R)}$, Optiva Corp., 미국)과 교정용 일반 칫솔(Orthocare$^{(R)}$, Tomy International Inc., 일본)을 사용하여 총 4회의 내원 시 각각 2회씩 회당 2분간 칫솔질을 하도록 하였다. 칫솔질 전과 후의 치태지수를 Ainamo와 Bay의 Visible Plaque Index를 변형한 방법으로 측정하여 그 전후 차이를 비교하였다. 음파 칫솔이 61.79%(${\pm}7.95%$), 일반 칫솔은 69.19%(${\pm}10.08%$)의 치태 감소율을 나타내어 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 음파 칫솔의 경우 남자에서 63.07%(${\pm}8.64%$), 여자에서 60.39%(${\pm}7.30%$)의 치태 감소율을 나타냈고(p>0.05), 일반 칫솔의 경우 남자에서 69.33%(${\pm}10.14%$), 여자에서 69.03%(${\pm}10.55%$)의 치태 감소율을 나타내어 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 연령에 따른 치태 제거 효과는 실험 대상자들의 연령범위에서 통계학적으로 유의할만한 연관성이 없었으며 (p>0.05), 음파 칫솔의 경우와 일반 칫솔의 경우에도 통계학적으로 유의할 만한 연관성이 없었다(p>0.05). 본 연구에서, 고정식 교정 장치를 부착한 소아 청소년기 환자에서 일반 칫솔의 치태 제거 효과가 음파 칫솔의 치태 제거효과보다 컸다(p<0.05).

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2000

Occlusal disease is comparable to periodontitis in that it is generally not reversible. Occlusal disease, however, like periodontitis, often maintainable. It does itself to treatment and when restorative dentistry is utilized it becomes, in that sense, reversible. Moreover, a systematized and integrated approach will lead to a prognosis that is favorable and predictable. This approach facilitates development of optimum oral function, comfort, and esthetics, resulting in a satisfied patient. Such a systematized approach consists of four logical phase : (1) patient evaluation, (2) comprehensive analysis and treatment planning, (3) integrated and systematic reconstruction, and (4) postoperative maintenance. An integrated treatment plan is first developed on one set of diagnostic casts, properly mounted on a semiadjustable articulator using jaw relationship records. This is accomplished by using wax to make reconstructive modifications to the casts. These modified casts become the blueprint for planned occlusal changes and the fabrication of provisional restorations. The treatment goals are : (1) comfortably functioning temporomandibular joints and stomatognathic musculature, (2) adherence to the basic principle of occlusion advocated by Schuyler, (3) anterior guidance that is in harmony with the envelope of function, (4) restorations that will not violate the patient's neutral zone. This report shows the treatment procedures for a patient whose mandibular position has been altered due to posterior bite collapse. Migration of the maxillary anterior teeth had occurred, and the posterior occlusal contacts showed pathologic interference. Precise diagnosis using mounted casts was executed and prosthodontic reconstruction by the aid of an unconventional orthodontic correction on maxillary flaring was planned. An unconventional orthodontic correction can be accomplished by using preexisting natural teeth, which can be modified for use in active tooth movement or splinted together for orthodontic anchorage. This technique has an advantage over conventional fixed appliance orthodontic therapy because it can accomplish tooth movement concurrently with restorative and periodontal therapy. On occasion, minor tooth movement can be necessary to achieve the optimum occlusal scheme, crown form, and tooth position for the forces of occlusion to be displaced down the long axis of the periodontally compromised teeth. Once the occlusion, periodontal health, and crown contours for the provisional splinted restoration are acceptable, the final splinted restoration can be similarly fabricated, and it becomes an excellent orthodontic retainer.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.133-147
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• 2000

A well-planned, precise occlusal adjustment of natural teeth has some distinct advantages over other forms of occlusal therapy. It should be emphasized, however, that an occlusal adjustment is an irreversible procedure and has definite contraindications in some mouths. Generally, the treatment methods for the patients that has open-bite will be following as below. : (1) Use of removable orthopedic repositioning appliance, (2) Orthodontics, (3) Full or partial reconstruction of the dentition, (4) Orthognathic surgical procedure, (5) Occlusal adjustment of the existing natural teeth, (6) Any combination of the above. Above all, the advantages of occlusal adjustment of natural teeth are : (1) the patient is more able to adapt to the changes in jaw position and posture; (2) the phonetic or speaking ability of the patient is not significantly changed and usually is improved; (3) the esthetics of the natural teeth is not altered and often is better; (4) the hygiene of the individual teeth is easily maintained; and (5) the functional usage of the teeth as cutting and chewing devices is markedly improved. The objective of an occlusal adjustment, as with any form of occlusal therapy, is to correct or remove the occlusal interferences, or premature contacts, on the occluding parts of the teeth which prevent a centric relation closure of the mandible. A systematic, disciplined approach can be followed in treatment, the objectives should be listed. They are : (1) Centric relation occlusion of the posterior teeth. (2) Proper "coupling" of the anterior teeth. (3) An acceptable disclusive angle of the anterior teeth in harmony with the condylar movement patterns. (4) Stability of the corrected occlusion. (5) Resolution of the related symptoms. For the patient with open-bite on anterior and posterior teeth, this case report shows the treatment methods in combination the fixed prosthesis with the selective cutting of the natural teeth. Occlusal adjustment is no longer an elective procedure but a mandatory one for patients requiring restorations and those in treatment for TMD dysfunctions or those whose dentitions show signs of occlusal trauma. Occlusal adjustment is essential for all who do not display the above lists.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

연료가스의 사용이 늘어나고 고압가스를 사용하는 공정이 날로 대형화$\cdot$복잡화됨에 따라 가스사고도 대형화되는 둥 이를 적절하게 관리할 필요성이 증대되고 있다. '95${\~}$'98년 동안 발생했던 사고를 체계적으로 분류$\cdot$분석하여서 사고 발생에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인을 찾아내었다. 그 결과 사고감소분야에 대해서는 기존의 사고관리정책을 견지하도록 하며 사고가 소폭 감소하거나 증가하는 분야에 대해서는 감소 대책을 제시하였다. '95${\~}$'98년 가스사고는 총 2,027건이며 띨6년 이후 연평균 $12\%$ 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 가스종류별로는 LPG(Liquefied petroleum gas), 도시가스 등 연료가스사고가 $96\%$로서 대부분이며 사용처별로는 주택, 요식업소 등 사용시설에서 주로 사고가 발생했다. 원인별로는 가스의 종류 및 시설에 따라 그 특징이 다르나 시설미비, 제품불량, 및 사용자 취급부주의에 의한 사고가 대부분을 차지하였다. 연료가스에 의한 고의사고는 311건으로 전체가스사고 중 $15\%$를 차지하며 연평균 $38\%$ 증가하는 추세이나 그 발생 매커니즘이 다르므로 향후 좀더 체계적인 분석을 할 필요가 있으며 이번 분석에서 제외하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.947-958
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• 2008

은나노를 이용한 드럼식 세탁기로 세탁한 경우 발생되는 세탁물의 변퇴색 및 오염현상을 관찰하기 위해 이와 유사한 세탁원리를 갖는 론더로메타를 이용하여 그 결과를 알아보았다. 반응성염료로 염색한 면직물과 분산염료로 염색한 폴리에스터 직물을 세탁포로 하고, 첨부 백포로 면, 폴리에스테르, 나일론을 이용하여, 세탁온도, 세탁액비, 세제 농도, 세탁용수를 변화시켜 세탁물의 염색견뢰도를 관찰하였고, 은물로 세탁한 경우 세탁물로의 은침착 여부를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 세탁조건에 따른 염색포의 변색은 크지 않았으나, 세탁온도가 높고, 세탁 액비가 낮은 조건에서 첨부 백포로의 오염이 크게 나타났고, 특히 나일론 첨부 백포로의 오염이 컸다. 세제농도와 세탁용수는 염색견뢰도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 세탁용수를 달리하여 세제없이 백포만 반복 세탁한 경우, 은물로 세탁한 면, 나일론은 수돗물로 세탁한 경우보다 백도가 약간 낮게 나타났으며, 정량분석 결과 세탁물에 은화합물이 침착되었음이 확인되었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2005

This study investigated the current oral health conditions of the elderly at home and welfare facilities in their age over 65 years around some rural areas in Gangwon province, which would expect the fewer medical benefits even with lower interest than urban areas, despite of relatively high ratio of elder populations, so that it could prepare a basic document necessary to determine certain planned quantification for the benefit of elder's oral healthcare. As of the end of December 2004 both 50 elders at home and 50 elders at welfare facilities were randomly sampled in their age over 65 years in Samcheok city. As a result of this study, it was found that the elders at welfare facilities scored 15 pts. in DMFT index level typical of oral health conditions, which was higher than the elders at home. In addition, the elders at welfare facilities scored 26.0% in the coexistence of immobile bridge and partial denture higher than the elders at home with regard to the presence of intraoral prosthetic appliance. The results of analyzing the difference in the one-year dental visiting experience of respondents hereof showed that the elders at home were relatively more in ratio(62.0%) than those at welfare facilities, while many of the former group(38.0%) had relatively more handicap in masticatory movement than the latter one with regard to the conditions of dental prosthesis in use. Besides, many of the elders at facilities(30% or more) felt subjective symptoms of periodontal disease including bleeding or swelling, which indicates higher ratio than the elders at home. Finally, the elders at home used to brush their teeth at more frequency on a daily basis than those at facilities, while the latter group suffered general body disease more than the former group. Summing up, it is concluded that a formulated oral healthcare system will become more needed in near future than now for the benefit of the elderly living in welfare facilities, while nationwide policy-level supports would be urgent for them in the aspect of national welfare.