• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 우리나라 사과 재배지역을 대상으로 재배면적과 생산량의 시기별 변화를 파악하고, 사례지역을 선정하여 최근의 기온상승이 사과 재배면적 및 생산량 변화에 미친 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 전국 사과 재배면적 및 생산량 자료와 사례지역의 기후자료를 분석하였다. 우리나라 사과 재배면적 및 생산량은 대구 경산을 중심으로 하는 경상북도 남부지역에 집중되었으나, 최근 의성 문경을 중심으로 하는 경상북도 북부와 산간 고랭지로 집중 재배지역이 이동하였다. 사례지역인 의성과 장수는 생육기간의 평균기온은 생육 적온 범위에 포함되어 있으나, 대구는 생육 적온 범위보다 고온을 나타내고 있다. 이는 계속되는 기온상승이 대구 사과 재배에 악영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다. 대구와 장수의 일교차는 감소하는 경향이며, 의성은 증가하는 경향이다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2017

This study was performed to compare the vitamin A, E, ${\beta}-carotene$, polyphenol content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of carrot, apple, and blueberry juices as affected by extraction methods using slow juicer (HJ), no vacuum blending (NVJ) and vacuum blending (VJ). Juice yields of carrot, apple, and blueberry were 100% in NVJ and VJ groups. Vitamin A content of all juices was the highest in VJ group. Vitamin E content in carrot and apple juices increased most in the HJ group, followed by the NVJ and VJ group; Vitamin E content in blueberry juice was higher in the NVJ group than VJ or HJ group. ${\beta}-carotene$ and polyphenol content in all juices were highest in the VJ group. In addition, the differences between vacuum blending and non-vacuum blending were only shown on apple and blueberry juices. Polyphenol content in carrot and blueberry juices increased most in the HJ group, followed by the NVJ, and VJ groups, and in apple juice, polyphenol content was higher in the VJ group than the HJ or NVJ group. DPPH radical scavenging activity in the VJ group was significantly higher than the NVJ group. The results of this study showed the vacuum blending method had outstanding antioxidative nutrients compared to other juicing methods.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2000

퇴비의 시용량에 따른 사과의 수량과 토양화학성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 사과원에 퇴비시용량의 증가에 의해 토양중의 인산함량 및 치환성 양이온의 함량이 증가하였으나, 유기물은 거의 변화가 없었다. 퇴비의 시용량이 증가할수록 사과의 수량은 증가하였으나, 경도 및 당도의 차이는 없었다. 화학비료를 감비처리하고 퇴비의 시용량을 높인 결과 퇴비의 시용량이 증가함에 따라 토양 중 유기물 및 Ca의 함량은 증가하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2007

Organic farming systems based on ecological concepts have the potential to produce sustainable crop yields with no decline in soil and environmental qualities. Recent expansion of sustainable agricultural systems, including organic farming, has brought about need for development of sustainable farming systems based on value judgments for key properties of importance for farming. Chemical and microbiological properties were chosen as indicators of soil quality and measured at soil depth intervals of 5-20 and 20-35 cm in conventional and organic-based apple orchards located in Yeongchun, Gyeongbuk. The orchards were two adjacent fields to ensure the same pedological conditions except management system. Soil pH in organic farming was around 7.5, whereas below 6.0 in conventional farming. Organic farming resulted in significant increases in organic matter and Kjeldahl-N contents compared to those found with conventional management. Microbial populations, biomass C, and enzyme activities (except acid phosphatase) in apple orchard soil of organic farming were higher than those found in conventional farming. Higher microbial quotient ($C_{mic}/C_{org}$ ratio) and lower microbial metabolic quotient for $CO_2(qCO_2)$ in organic farming confirmed that organic farming better conserves soil organic carbon. Biological soil quality indicators showed significant positive correlations with soil organic matter content. These results indicate organic-based farming positively affected soil organic matter content, thus improving soil chemical and biological qualities.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2011

The effect of subcritical water for the extraction of total polyphenols and flavonoids from apple peel was investigated, and then the antioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated. Maximum yields of total polyphenolic compounds($36.4{\pm}1.9mg$ quercetin equivalent(QE)/g dried material) and flavonoids($9.9{\pm}0.8mg$ QE/g dried material) were obtained by subcritical water extraction(SWE) with operating conditions of $190^{\circ}C$, 1,300 psi, and 20 min. Furthermore, the highest antioxidant activity($76.1{\pm}1.1%$) was observed in the extract obtained from SWE using the same conditions. The flavonoids from the SWE of apple peel were compared to three conventional extraction methods in terms of their extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity. The SWE was significantly more effective than hot water ($90^{\circ}C$), methanol, and ethanol extraction for flavonoid yield by 4.7-, 2.2-, and 1.3-fold, respectively, and for antioxidant activity by 11.0-, 4.9, and 2.8-fold, respectively.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2007

Present experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of artificial culture with various sawdust of P. gilvus. The pH value was 6.0 of oak sawdust, 6.5 of mulberry sawdust, 6.6 of elm sawdust, 6.3 of acacia sawdust and 6.1 of apple tree sawdust. Mycelial density on elm sawdust and acacia sawdust were lower than those of oak sawdust, and apple sawdust. Weight of fresh fruiting body showed that 179 g on oak tree, 227 g on oak sawdust, 21 g on elm tree, 76 g on elm sawdust, 106 g on apple tree, and 170 g on apple sawdust. Among them, the yield of oak substrates was the highest whereas acacia sawdust was the lowest, and it is concluded that the yields of sawdust substrates were higher than log substrates. P. gilvus grown on various sawdusts and logs used in this study have shown similar in anti-tumor activity against P388.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum extraction method suitable for the availability of biological activities in unripe apples known to be rich in functional components. Unripe apples 'Hongro' picked on May 28th, 2019 were extracted by various extraction methods (hot water, ethanol, enzymatic pre-treatment, ultrasonic wave, and subcritical water) and their extracts were investigated yield, effective component contents, and antioxidant activities. Overall, the yields by the extraction solvent were higher in water than in organic solvent(ethanol) because water-soluble compounds were eluted from a polar solvent. Total phenol contents of the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extracts were significantly higher in 6 times than hot water extract. Contents of flavonoid were highest in the ethanol extract at 29.14 mg QE/g. Contents of tannin and ursolic acid were also significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the strongest in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. Correlation between effective components and antioxidant activities was high in the total phenol content with ABTS and the ursolic acid content with DPPH (p<0.01). The above results suggested that ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract of unripe apples has the potential to act as a functional material.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.286-288
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• 2010

Plant tissue homogenization using a mortar or mechanical equipment has been the preferred method for obtaining high yields of total RNA; this method, however, is both time-consuming and expensive. Additionally, homogenization may generate excessive endogenous RNases, polyphenolics, and other substances that reduce the quality and quantity of RNA. In this study, we describe the microwave irradiation-assisted RNA extraction (MIRE) technique which, without tissue disruption and homogenization, allows for the cost-effective and rapid generation of intact RNA from apple cane shavings and the reliable detection of apple virus by RT-PCR.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.459-475
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• 2020

This study analyzes weather derivatives as an alternative risk management tool to stabilize farm revenue to complement the existing crop insurance program which suffers from asymmetric information problems such as adverse selection, moral hazard, and verifiability. We estimated apple yield functions to observe the relationship between yields and weather indices such as temperature and precipitation. Based on the estimated yield functions we designed weather futures and options products underlying temperature and precipitation, and calculated the prices of futures and options by two different approaches, historical distribution and Monte Carlo simulation. We found that weather futures and options stabilize farm revenue based on the estimated four risk indicators: Coefficient of Variation, Value at Risk, Certainty Equivalence, and Risk Premium. As a result, weather derivatives could be considered as a potential farm risk management tool through studying more in legal and institutional strategies and developing various derivatives products.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2002

Gluconacetobacter persimmonus KJ145를 사용하여 bacterial cellulose 생산에 최적 배지와 배양조건을 설정하였다. Bacterial cellulose를 생성하기 위한 최적배지로는 HS배지보다는 천연사과과즙이 더 우수한 경향을 나타내었으며, 사과과즙에 각종 탄소원을 보강한 결과 탄소원으로 pyruvate가 적합하였다. 탄소원의 농도를 조사한 결과, 1%가 적합하였으며, 각종 질소원의 영향을 조사한 결과 CSL이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. CSL의 농도에 따른 bacterial cellulose의 생산성을 조사한 결과, 10% 농도에서 가장 좋았다. Bacterial cellulose의 생성에 미치는 배지의 초기 pH의 영향을 조사한 결과 pH 6.0에서 최적이었으며,배양온도별 영향을 조사한 결과 35$^{\circ}C$에서 하는 것이 최적이었다. 최적 배양조건에서 배양시간별로 생성되는bacterial cellulose의 양을 조사한 결과 16일간 배양하는 것이 가장 좋았으며, 이 때 생성되는 bacterial cellulose의 생산량은 8.96 g/L으로 비교적 높았다.