• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.625-636
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of social appearance anxiety, negative body image, appearance importance on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. For data collection, a questionnaire was administrated to 428 female college students in Gwangju City, Korea. The results were summarized as follows. To analysis the data, the SPSS 20.0 was used, and frequence analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, F-test were conducted. The results were summarized as follows. First, social appearance anxiety turned out to have significant positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Second, negative body image had positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Third, appearance importance turned out to have significant effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. The results of this study above suggest that it would be necessary to seek for measures to reduce individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and appearance importance. Especially, People should get the realization of the beautiful on the inside that includes personality is more important than having external beauty. And, it is considered that the requirements of the social effort and education through a school and a media as well as a family for reducing the individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and the serious consideration of the appearance as rejecting the discrimination based on appearance.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.63-77
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and objectified body consciousness on male consumer' appearance management behavior. The subjects were 648 males aged from 20 to 59 years old, and the questionnaire consisted of sociocultural attitude toward appearance, objectified body consciousness, appearance management behavior, and subject' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as follows. Three dimensions(appearance importance awareness, slimness importance awareness, and internalization) were emerged on sociocultural attitude toward appearance. Three dimensions(body shame, body surveillance, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness. Five dimensions(skin, hair, body, fashion, and plastic surgery management) were emerged on appearance management behavior. In sociocultural attitude toward appearance dimensions, appearance importance awareness and internalization had important effects on appearance management behavior. In objectified body consciousness dimensions, body shame and control belief had important effects on appearance management behavior. This results concluded that sociocultural attitude toward appearance and objectified body consciousness are important variables to understand on male consumer' appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2016

The object of this study was to find out the influence of juvenile self-consciousness on the importance of unit 'clothing and self-express' in technology home economics curriculum and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 244 middle school students living in Deagu metropolitan City. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and ${\chi}^2-test$ were used for data analysis. Our findings are as follows. Self-consciousness had factors as privately and socially self-consciousness and social anxiety. The factors of the importance of unit 'Clothing and self-express' were clothing, self-express and excellence in traditional clothing. Appearance management behavior had factors as appearance management, plastic surgery interest, diet importance, health focus and eating habit. Self-consciousness was found to have significant effects on the factors of the importance of unit 'Clothing and self-express', and self-consciousness on factors of appearance management behavior. The differences by gender of middle students was examined in clothing and textile interest, clothing and textile unit interest and knowledge acquisition route.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between the level of satisfaction and concern regarding appearance according to gender, the importance of appearance in job interviews, and the influence appearance has on job-seeking stress and anxiety under the ever-increasing pressure on students to secure employment so that appropriate psychological interventions can be provided to undergraduates. Methods: The survey was conducted on 170 third and fourth year undergraduates in Gyeonggi province from August 31st to September 6th, 2012 to figure out the correlations and differences in variables of appearance satisfaction and concern, and the importance of appearance in job interviews and job-seeking stress and anxiety according to the differences in gender. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: 1. There was difference between the genders for appearance satisfaction and concern. The level of satisfaction was higher in male students while concerns regarding appearance were higher in female students. There was no gender difference regarding the importance of appearance in job interviews, job-seeking stress, and job-seeking anxiety. 2. For the concerns in appearance, there was a significant difference between the genders in appearance management, and gender and the importance of appearance in job interviews showed significant interactive effects. Stress and anxiety from job-seeking did not show significant differences between the genders, but there were common significant interactive effects between gender and grades, gender and employment, and gender and the importance of appearance in job interviews. 3. Both male and female students showed higher job-seeking stress as their job-seeking anxiety was higher. Job-seeking anxiety was higher in male students who had higher concern in appearance, and in female students who placed more emphasis on the importance of appearance in job interviews. Conclusion: As female students perceived appearance in job interviews as important more than male students, their job-seeking anxiety was higher, while male students who showed higher concern in appearance also showed higher level of anxiety in job-seeking. As job-seeking anxiety was higher, job-seeking stress was also higher according to the entire participants, based on this result, methods to decrease job-seeking anxiety should be suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.15-31
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on male consumers' apparel buying behavior and appearance management behavior. The subjects were 353 males aged from 40 to 59 years old. The research method was a survey and the questionnaire consisted of sociocultural attitude toward appearance items, apparel buying behaviors items, appearance management behaviors items, and subjects' demographic characteristics items. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, multiple response analysis, ${\chi}2$ test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows. Three dimensions (appearance importance awareness, slimness importance awareness, internalization) were emerged on sociocultural attitude toward appearance, and subjects were divided into 4 groups(receptive, unreceptive, awareness, and internalized group) by this variable. The 4 groups by sociocultural attitude toward appearance showed many differences on apparel buying behaviors and appearance management behaviors. Receptive and internalized group more importantly regarded fashion trend and store display as apparel buying motives, design and trend as selection criteria, and did shopping to buy clothes more often than awareness and unreceptive group. Receptive and internalized group recognized higher the need for various appearance management behaviors and spent more expense to enhance their appearance than other groups.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.347-370
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• 1995

The elderly population of Korea has been significantly increasing due to advances in public health, medical care, and quality of life. Social, economical influence of the elderly population has been increasing, too. Research regarding elderly people is important because many elderly people take care of their appearance and clothing, and clothing plays an important role in the elderly women's everyday life. This study investigated the life satisfaction, appearance satisfaction, and clothing behavior of women aged 55 years and older who were residents of Seoul. The results of this study are as followings: 1. The importance of various factors on clothing behavior is different. They are management, clothing importance, fashion indifference, information search and purchase planning, clothing dependence, status symbol, and conformity in order of the importance. 2. Age has a positive relationship with each of fashion indifference and clothing dependence, but a negative relationship with information search and purchase planning. 3. Age has a positive relationship with each of life satisfaction and allowance. 4. Appearance satisfaction is positively related with age, but is significantly related with neither allowance nor education. 5. There are positive relationships between life satisfaction and all clothing behavior factors except status symbol. 6. Appearance satisfaction are siginicantly correlated with management, conformity, clothing dependence, and clothing importance. And life satisfaction has more significant relationship with clothing behavior than appearance satisfaction does.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-167
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze about the Telecasters's appearance management, external image & awareness on Self-Efficacy. The method of this study is carried out form 2 January 2013 until 20 January. with the 164 telecasters who announcers, voice actors, gag men, singers. The results of the research is summarized below: First, Among the telecasters, singer is the highest awareness of the beauty services importance about the fashion, makeup, hair, skin care, cosmetic surgery. Especially, about the awareness of the beauty services importance about the fashion, makeup, hair, singers> announcers> voice actors> gagmen appear one after another. Second, about the importance awareness of the beauty services importance & the relation of self-efficacy, for announcers, the more higher awareness the fashion, makeup, hair, the higher self-efficacy of the confidence, effective expression, etc.. For voice actors, the more higher awareness the hair, skin care, the fashion, make up, cosmetic surgery, the higher self-efficacy of the new image making, the confidence, task efficiency improvement, etc... For gagmen, the more higher awareness the fashion, hair, skin care, makeup, cosmetic surgery, the higher self-efficacy of the self-expression, the confidence, the new image making, task efficiency improvement, etc.. For singer, the more higher awareness the makeup, hair, cosmetic surgery, skin care, fashion, the higher self-efficacy of the task efficiency improvement, the self-expression, the confidence, the new image making, etc.. Third, about the importance awareness of the appearance management behavior, external image, about the importance awareness of the appearance management behavior, singer is the most higher awareness, announcers> voice actors> gagmen appear one after another. about the importance awareness of the external image, singer is the most higher awareness, voice actor> announcers> gagmen appear after another. The meanings of this study provide the telecasters's image's fields with the effective basic data.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.715-720
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• 2013

Background Many people have an interest in the correction of facial scars or deformities caused by trauma. The increasing ability to correct such flaws has been one of the reasons for the increase in the popularity of facial plastic surgery. In addition to its roles in communication, breathing, eating, olfaction and vision, the appearance of the face also plays an important role in human interactions, including during social activities. However, studies on the importance of the functional role of facial appearance. As a function of the face are scare. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the importance of the functions of the face in Korea. Methods We conducted an online panel survey of 300 participants (age range, 20-70 years). Each respondent was administered the demographic data form, Facial Function Assessment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and standard gamble questionnaires. Results In the evaluation on the importance of facial functions, a normal appearance was considered as important as communication, breathing, speech, and vision. Of the 300 participants, 85% stated that a normal appearance is important in social activities. Conclusions The results of this survey involving a cross-section of the Korean population indicated that a normal appearance was considered one of the principal facial functions. A normal appearance was considered more important than the functions of olfaction and expression. Moreover, a normal appearance was determined to be an important facial function for leading a normal life in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1257-1266
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• 2009

The developments of consumption culture and mass media have caused consumers to take a greater interest in appearance, and as a result, the appearance related industry has been rapidly developed. Since appearance serves as a means to attain a smooth and successful social life, women invest a lot of time in cultivating their appearance more prominently than others and are more agreeable to the criteria of beauty in society. This study is to analyze the degree of satisfaction of appearance in teens to women in their 50s as classified by their lifestyle. For the data analysis, the statistical program, SPSS WIN 14.0 was used. First, the results of examining the degree of interest in appearance, the degree of bodily satisfaction, and the degree of bodily importance showed that the interest in appearance was highest in the fashion pursuing group. The degree of bodily importance was highest in the economy-oriented group. Second, appearance management attitudes showed significant differences m hair attitudes, makeup attitudes, skin attitudes, face-lifting attitudes, and clothing attitudes, depending on the types of lifestyle. Third, it could be seen that the conservative-oriented groups were doing more skin care management than the other groups.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to find the attitudes on clothing of the Korean people implied in the Korean proverb. The results of the analysis of this research was as follows: It was found that the Koreans regarded clothing and personal appearance as important matter in their everyday life. The awareness of the importance of wearing clothes and personal appearance was usual matter to the Koreans. Thus they put a great value on good and appropriate clothing behavior and personal appearance. The Koreans understood the meaning of clothes make the man and they knew how to use the clothing and personal appearance to relate people in the social order. They showed a tendency to treat a personal in terms of his appearance. it seems that since the Koreans knew the importance of clothing and personal appearance in the relationship between person and person they emphasized appropriate clothing behavior and decency.