• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to investigate brand images and fashion leaderships of women's wear manufacturers targeting middle-aged women or older women. Thus, this study was to be an exploratory study to investigate clothing behavior of elderly female consumers and search apprel niche-market for them. The questionnaire consists of questions on brand images, fashion leadership, and merchandise assortment. The subjects were to evaluate their brand images and rated on 5 point Likert-type scales of 29 adjectives. The fashion leadership of these brands was evaluated by the degree of fashion trends adopted on 7 aspects including fashion images, silhouettes, fabrics, colors, design details, accessories, and item-coordinations. For the survey, both interview and the subjects were 66 manufacturers which have national brands or designer brands. Among 44 respondents, 30 respondents were designers and the rest of them were merchandiser or shop managers. The SPSS PC+ package was used to calculate frequency, T-test, and cluster analysis. The results from survey of manufacturers targeting middle-aged women or older women are as follow: 1) The brand imges which they pursue are prestigious, practical, and elegance. 2) There were significant differences in brand images, and national brand manufacturers pursue stronger images in prestigious, chic, intelligent, competency, than designer brand manufacturers. 3) 40 brands were divided into two clusters. 36 brands were included in one cluster, and only 4 brand were belong to the other cluster. In this market, the image of feminity was grouped with the image of prestigious, chic, intelligent, competency. 4) In product planning, the adption level of fashion trends in 7 aspects was generally at medium level, but fashion trends were more adopted in fabric, color, and item-coordination.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the level of latest fashion adoption of men's wear manufacturers and differences in the level of fashion adoption according to characteristics of brands and merchandise. Thus, this study was to be an exploratory study to examine the trends in fashion adoption of men's wear manufacturers. The questionnaire consisted of questions on 7 elements of fashion adoption and characteristics of men's wear manufacturers and their merchandise. The subjects were to evaluate their level of fashion adoption and rated on 5 point Likert-type scales of 7 elements. For the survey, the subjects were 100 employees (62 merchandisers, and 24 designers, etc.) who are employed by men’s wear manufacturers which have national brands, designer brands, license brands, import brands or private brands. The SAS PC+ package was used to calculate factor analysis, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and Tukey's test. The results from the study were as follows: 1) The elements of fashion adoption of men's wear manufacturers were divided into 4 factors (clolr/fabric, silhouette/fashion image, detail/item coordination, accessories) which explained 83.61% of the whole of factors. 2) The highest score of mean of fashion adoption factors was fabric/color, but the lowest was accessory factor. 3) There were significant positive correlations between fashion adoption factors except between fabric/color and accessories. 4) There were significant differences in the level of fashion adoption according to types of brands and ages of target consumers. 5) There were significant differences in the level of fashion adoption according to the categories of apparel (suits vs. casual clothing) and types of suits and casual wear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 1997

The goals of this study are to suggest the guidance for automated clothing manufacture by analysis the technology of the automated manufacturing facilities and to propose how improve the efficiency of the production planning and management for automated clothing manufacture In this study, the research about the automated clothing manufacturing machines and the analysis about the modules and functions of apparel information systems were performed. In order to understand the factory automation of the larger clothing firms, the case study method was used. The case study samples were 3 clothing firms. The results and suggestions are as follows: 1. An information technology for automated clothing manufacture has enabled the computer integrated manufacturing system to connect production planning and management part with each work station on the factory floor. 2. The apparel information system to integrate and manage manufacturing informations from each workstation and the apparel CAD system are used in the department of production planning. At the cutting room, there are automated manufacturing machines like an automatic spreading system and an automatic cutting system. Sewing room has the computer controlled unit production system and semi-automated sewing machines. In addition, in the finishing room, an automatic packing machine and a press system are used and besides a warehousing system has been developed. Considering these available technology, for better product efficiency, it is necessary to consider and utilize the specific character of these automatic manufacturing machines and computer system whether they proper to each product style. 3. Most of the clothing manufacturers are in the stage of semi-automated manufacture. In order to improve the manufacturing environment, it is needed to gradual procedure of manufacturing automation with considering the firm's financial condition, existing facilities and staffs operating machines. The case study sample firms are in the high degree of manufacturing automation. They can accomplish the flexible manufacturing system to link the information system with each work station menufacturing system by computerized control. For the case of the firm having already used the computer integrated manufacturing and managing system, it is necessary that the function to deal with drawing information is added to the retaining module of the apparel system.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-109
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• 2008

Using hybrid channel affords the benefits of achieving control through the direct channel and achieving flexibility through the indirect channel. However, using a hybrid channel also poses special challenges to a manufacturer, including the problem of managing multiple channel members with disparate goals and priorities. The purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding on the management of hybrid channel. We study marketing channels for fashion apparel to examine governance challenges and solutions of a hybrid channel. We have two objectives to fulfill that purpose. First, we aim to tie two largely separate research streams of salesforce management and marketing channel management together by examining both intrafrim governance and interfirm governance issues under one conceptual framework. Second, we aim to lay a ground work for rigorous further research on this topic by tying two major theoretical approaches of governance together under one conceptual framework. Our predictions were tested with data from the survey of apparel manufacturers and retailers. The analysis results support the predictions moderately.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to business cases of setting up a shopping mall for Hanbok and other successful marketing cases were investigated to seek easy ways of establishing a internet shopping mall and to provide information on the structure of e-market and online shopping malls. In our country, online market has overtaken offline one, and the former has made sustained progress. Many domestic Hanbok manufacturers set up their homepages as part of efforts for online marketing or P.R. However, online shopping malls are run just by a small number of companies, and traditional Hanbok manufacturers are in worst situations. To be steadily competitive enough to keep on attracting customers, they should try to make their way through e-market from diverse angels. The purpose of this study was to delve into the establishment of an online shopping mall for Hanbok products and relevant marketing in an attempt to lay the groundwork for solidifying the position of Hanbok products in apparel e-market.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

The bra is one of the most essential pieces of women's underwear which gives support for the breasts and holds them in position to make better outer appearance of upper body. Despite being worn by most women of all ages, brassiere manufacturers often use brassiere sizes and shapes that are close to the body measurements of women in their 20s, which raises questions whether the bras are suitable for older women's physique. Also, many lingerie markets tend to center on designs and tastes of younger women, leaving those of older women are largely ignored in the manufacturing process despite the fact that their purchasing power and market shares are expected to grow in conjunction with the aging of the global population. Against this backdrop, this study attempts to provide information about bra preferences and breast perceptions of the middle-aged and older US women over the age of 40 years to help manufacturers better understand the bra purchasing priorities and bra elements of older women and prompt them to design bras with a high level of fit and comfort that are appreciated by the population groups as a means to ultimately acquire competitive edge in the fast growing aging market. An email survey and interviews were conducted with 301 US women who live in New York City. The findings of this study suggest that there are internal and external factors such as changes in body and breast shapes with age influence the level of fitness and effectiveness of bra components, and thus the responses to the questions on bra preferences and breast perceptions varied between the researched age groups.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.145-154
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine how the garment sizes by junior brand manufactures reflect Tween Generation's (ages from 5th grade to 9th grade) actual body sizes. They have diverse clothing preferences in styles and fitting levels as well as diverse body sizes and shapes. The subjects of this study were 520 students (the 5th and 6th grades in elementary schools, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades in middle schools) who lived in Jeonju. A questionnaire was used in this study. The data were analyzed by frequency, means, t-test and $\chi^2$. The results were as follows. In the selection of garment size, both the girl and boy students most preferred selecting garments after trying them on by themselves. Boy students tended to select garment size according to their mothers' advice. On the other hand, elementary school students showed a tendency to select garment size with their mothers. In fitting sizes, middle school girls wanted the size to fit tightly rather than loosely on their bodies much more than elementary school girls. Junior brand manufacturers produced sizes that well reflected actual body sizes of elementary and middle school girls. Specifically, the pants best covered their body sizes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 1999

For proper communication among manufacturers in many countries and for consumer's convenience in purchasing garments imported from foreign countries, the ISO revised the size designation system in 1969. Since 1970's many countries have revised their standard sizing system by adopting the ISO system. The purpose of this study is to satisfy domestic consumer's needs by developing a sizing system based on that of ISO for Korean men in their twenties, and to contribute to entering the international fashion market by manufacturing high quality apparel products. The results were as follows: By measuring and analyzing of men in their twenties, average height is 172 cm, average chest girth is 92.8 em, average hip girth is 93.4cm and average drop is 15.8. According to the result to analyzing body type of this study, athletic type(drop 18) is 47.8%, regular type (drop 12) is 37.3%, the 2 types covers 85%.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.637-646
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• 2016

The goal of this study is to provide basic data on developing circular knit basic pattern for women in their 20's. Production conditions of circular knit product pattern making among domestic women's apparel industry was researched, and collected data on sizes and ease amounts from woven and circular knit pattern were compared and analyzed. According to the result of the survey, product measurements adjusted to the actual body size fit for the brand's image were used, and the common problem among manufacturers and consumers regarding circular knit products turned out to be change in size and form due to stretching. For the basic pattern of circular knit, stretching quality was reflected in the woven basic pattern based on plain stitch(single knit) and then dart was removed and ease amount was reduced. The result of looking into size and ease amount about woven and circular knit torso & sleeve block shows that there is a significant difference among chest circumference, hip circumference, bi-shoulder length, interscye back, interscye front, scye depth, upper arm circumference and wrist circumference, and it was clear that circumference and width on the areas around the wrist tended to fit around the body more when circular knit was used instead of woven fabric.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide the apparel manufacturers who have not been effectively preparing for worldwide trends of rapid increase in overweight population with fundamental data to develop updated domestic market through the findings derived from the actual dissatisfaction factors in purchasing of a garment by overweight body customers excluded in the apparel industry. The results of study are as follows : Considering the relationships with dissatisfaction factors in purchasing ready-to-wear according to the interests in weight control, there is a slight difference in the partial intention from degree of self-recognition of body figure and interests in weight control and motivation of interests in weight control. As a results, first, the more recognition of obesity, the more dissatisfaction with "product variety" and "purchasing decision". Second, the more interests in weight control, the more dissatisfaction with product variety in purchasing of ready-to-wear. Third, the more self-recognition of obesity as the motivation of interests in weight control, there is a high dissatisfaction with product variety.