• 한국광물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1999

The medical mineral menas a single mineral or a complex of minerals. It is natural material. using the medical action of he major or the minor elements, and traditional medicine stuff which has been used since long time ago. Jusa, cinnabar as the mineral name, is the product of the hydrothermal process. It is used to relax the body and cure high blood pressure, apoplexy and cardiopathy. Jusais the major component of "An shin hwan" and "Woo hwang chung shim hwan" nowadays because it has such an excellent calm effect. In addition, it is used to cure cancers such as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. Jusa composed of mercuric sulfide causes mercury poisoning such as Minamata disease. It is dealt with mineralogical property and chemical composition medical stuff in Korea and China, as well asmercury poisoning and medical action of Jusa in this study. In order to predct accumulation of the interior of the body of the major and minor elements in Jusa, leaching experiment of Jusa by artificial gastric juice was done as well as thermodynamic reaction modelling to know concentration of each species of body fluid. The minor elements of 24 species such as As, Pb, Cd, a and Fe by leaching reaction of Jusa and artificial gastric juice were leached. We can know the fact that as is less than 1 ppm, Hg is less than 25 ppm and Cd and m are not detected. In addition, mercury exists as species of Hg2+, HgCl+, HgCl2, HgCl3-, HgCl42-, HgClOH, HgS(H2S)2, Hg(HS)3-, HgS22-, HgOH and Hg(OH)2 by reaction modelling between Jusa and artificial gastric juice. The concentration of sulfide complexes is 24.2 ppm and that of others is less than 10 ppm. According to increasing pH, the concentration of HgS(H2S)2, Hg(HS)3+, HgS22- and Hg(OH)2 increases, whereas the concentration of HgCl+, HgCl2, HgCl3- and HgCl42- decreases. Therefore, Jusa is very useful for the development of new medicine because it is possible to predict formation of the body species and species accumulation on mercury known as a toxic element and concentration changes of toxicity and efficiency.city and efficiency.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-82
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• 2001

In the Encyclopedia Medica Koreana(Dongeuibogam), I have researched 245 prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role. And I have got the following results. The healing scope and frequency of ginseng-mainly-included prescriptions are Child Part 29(11.83%), Violent Cough Part 23(9.38%), Sick-by-Cold Part 21(8.57%), Oncosis Part 16(6.53%), Overwork Part 14(5.71%), Gynecologic Part 14(5.71%), Internal Part 13(5.3%), Apoplexy Part 11(4.48%), Mind Part 10(4.08%) and Fecal Part 10(4.08%) prescriptions. And also each of Nausea Part, Anger Part, and Spirit parts has the same 5 (2.04%) prescriptions. And each of Qi Part, Diabetes Meatus Part, Malaria Part, and Humoral Part has 4(1.63%) prescriptions. And each of Foot Part, Choleraic Part, Genital Part, Blood Part, and Voice Part has 3 (1.2%). All of these prescriptions cover 88.88%. And besides listed parts above, Panax Ginseng is all used in 48 Parts: Body-Mind Part. Mouth-Tongue Part, Breast Part, Muscle Part, Swelling Part, Urine Part, Epidermis Part, Heat Part, Anus Part, Stomach Part, Eye Part, Laryngopharynx Part. Uterus Part" Heavy Stomach Part, Head Part, Pulse Part, Hair Part, Navel Part, Emetic Part, Costal Part, Edema Part, Vomiting Part, Superstitious Part, and Cardiac Part, etc. Of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, the most representative diseases, which more than 86.8% prescriptions cure, are shock, numbness from cold, Taeeum disease, oncosis, overwork, sick from eating, numbness of extremities, diarrhea, tachycardia, forgetfulness, nausea, heat from kidney, nocturnal emission, short breath, diabetes meatus, malaria, sweating, sweating overnight, beriberi, cholera, insomnia from enervation, sialitis, navel pain, hemorrhage, and loss of voice. The pathology of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role is divided into the organ problems, six natural factors, seven extreme feelings, unbalanced humoral status, overwork, and, unbalance of qi and blood. Spleen, heart, and uterus is the main cause of organ problems; wind and cold are the main cause of six natural factors; heavy humors are the main cause of unbalanced humoral status; the stasis of seven feelings are the main cause of seven extreme feelings; the lack of stamina and overwork are the main cause of the overwork; the lack of qi, the lack of blood, and, the lack of qi and blood are the main cause of the unbalance of qi and blood. After I have researched the contents of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, I could understand the addition of the different prescriptions, combination of medicines, and the role of medicine groups associated with Panax Ginseng. So from now on, the results I have got could be used as the data which show the theoretical basis on the prescriptions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LIl ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture for cerebral apoplexy treatment. Methods : I designed to investigate whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats, and to make manifest whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF). Results : 1. $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LI1 ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased rCBF significantly, but decreased MABP. These results suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter(PAD). 2. By pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was increased. 3. By pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}/kg$, i.p.), the increased rCBF by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased conversely, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased. and then increased. Conclusion : I suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_43$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.81-98
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• 2006

Objectives : Acupuncture using a tonification or sedation techniques method is used as a controlling the medication for an early stroke in the Korean medicine. LR3 has indicatons of headache, vertigo, facial paralysis, apoplexy, epiepsy as the source acupoint of a liver meridian. So this study is aims to investigate the anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of acupuncture on the focal ischemia induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Methods : The focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. The animals were divided into seven groups (n=8 in each group) : Normal, intactness group; Conrol group, no therapy group after being ischemia induced; MA-l, acupuncture perpendicularly without Tonification or Sedation techniques at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-2, acupuncture obliquely towards the knee at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-3, acupuncture obliquely towards the toe at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-4, acupuncture obliquely towards the knee and rotate 9 times in a clockwise direction at LR3 after being ischemia induced; MA-5, acupuncture obliquely towards the toe and rotate 6 times in a counterclockwise direction at LR3 after being ischemia induced. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Acupuncture techniques of tonification or sedation at LR3 are observed by mGluR5, Bax, Cresyl violet, ChAT-stain and NGF. Results : The intensity of mGluR5 and the density of ChAT was increased in MA-1 group. The intensity of Bax was decreased in MA-3, MA-4 group. The density of neurons stained by Cresyl violet and ChAT was increased in MA-2, MA-3, MA-4, MA-5 group. The density of neurons stained by NGF was only increased in MA-4 group. Conclusions : Our study suggests that acupuncture perpendicularly without Tonification or Sedation techniques and obliquely towards the knee and rotate 9 times in a clockwise direction(Tonifying technique) at LR3 after being ischemia induced at LR3 shows anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on cholinergic neuron in focal cerebral ischemia of the stroke in rats.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

뇌경색, 뇌 신경장애 및 뇌졸중환자 중 급성기 환자는 의식이 없어 연하기능장애로 인한 흡인성 폐렴을 유발하기 때문에 비위관(nasogastric tube)을 삽입하고 영양공급을 한다. 재활훈련 후 회복기에 침상선별검사를 시행하지만 임상적 검사를 통해서는 무증상흡인은 발견할 수 없다. 그래서 연하장애로 비위관을 삽입한 연하재활치료 중인 환자 10명을 대상으로 VFSS를 시행하여 식이재료에 따른 삼킴 정도, 자세에 따른 삼킴을 재활의학과전문의가 평가 후, 흡인이 있거나 삼킴 곤란 등이 있으면 연하재활치료를 시행하여 환자의 상태에 따라 약 30일~50일후에 재평가를 시행한 후 흡인이 없을 시 비위관을 제거 하였다. 이때 VFSS 영상을 기능적 연하곤란척도를 이용, 분석하여 부여된 점수를 통계 산출 하였는데 비위관 유지군은 $49.79{\pm}9.431$을 보여 흡인의 위험을 나타내며, 비위관 제거군은 $11.20{\pm}1.932$로 흡인의 위험성이 낮아 비위관 제거관련 의미 있게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 두 군의 유의성을 평가하기 위해 Mann-Whitney test를 시행한 결과 p<0.001로 통계적으로 유의하다고 평가하였다. 결론적으로 VFSS는 구강, 인두, 식도의 구조적 이상과 움직임을 가장 효과적으로 평가, 기도흡인여부를 즉시 확인 및 환자에게 적합한 식이나 연하자세를 결정할 수 있어 비위관 제거를 위한 연하평가에 가장 확실한 표준검사로 제안할 수 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.92-111
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• 2002

Objective : Carthami Flos has been used as a herb to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis in oriental medicine for many centuries, and Amun(GV15) has been used as a meridian point to treat apoplexy etc. To investigate treatment of cerevral vascular disease(CVA) by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis(活血化瘀法), we observed the experimental effects and mechanism of auqa-acupunture of Carthami Flos(ACF) injected into GV15 on cerevral hemodynamics and cardiovascular system of rats. Method : Aqua-acupuncture of Carthami Flos(ACF) was injected into GV15, and then we investigated experimental effects and mechanism of ACF on the cerebral hemodynamics[regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), meal arterial blood pressure(MABP)] and cardiovascular system[cardiac muscle contractile force(CMF), heart rate(HR)I by pretreatment with methylene blue(MTB) and indomethacin(IDN). The changes in rCBF, MABP, CMF and HR were tested by Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes in PAD was determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. Results :The results were as follows in normal rats ; The changes of rCBF and PAD were significantly increased by ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in a injected time-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by ACF. The changes of cardiovascular system were increased by ACF in a injected time-dependent manner. And pretreatment with MTB was significantly inhibited ACE induced increase of rCBF and PAD, and was decreased ACF induced increase of HR. And pretreatment with IDN was increased ACF induced MABP and CMF. And the results were as follows in cerebral ischemic rats ; The changes of rCBF was increased stabilizly by treatment with ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in during the period of cerebral reperfusion, but pretreatment with MTB was increased ACF induced increase of rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. The results were as follows in normal rats ; The changes of rCBF and PAD were significantly increased by ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in a injected time-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by ACF. The changes of cardiovascular system were increased by ACF in a injected time-dependent manner. And pretreatment with MTB was significantly inhibited ACF induced increase of rCBF and PAD, and was decreased ACF induced increase of HR. And pretreatment with IDN was increased ACF induced MABP and CMF. And the results were as follows in cerebral ischemic rats ; The changes of rCBF was increased stabilizly by treatment with ACF($120{\mu}{\ell}/kg$) in during the period of cerebral reperfusion, but pretreatment with MTB was increased ACF induced increase of rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion Conclusions : In conclusion, ACF causes a diverse response of rCBF, PAD an HR, and action of ACF is mediated by cyclic GMP. I suggested that ACF has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of crebral hemodynamics in a transient cerebral ischemia.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2005

뇌졸중은 대부분 편마비를 수반하기 때문에 이로 인한 신체적 증상 외에도 언어장애, 신경장애와 같은 갑작스러운 변화가 생기며 이로 인한 심리적인 부적응과 상실감 및 신체적인 기능의 저하는 일상생활에서의 실패나 좌절감을 주기 때문에 심각한 정서적인 문제를 야기 시킬 수 도 있다. 뇌졸중 환자라 하면 신체적인 재활만을 고려하게 되는데 실제로는 실어증이나 구음 장애 등의 심각한 언어 기능의 저하가 일어나며 이와 더불어 인지기능의 저하, 우울증과 같은 정신적인 장애, 심지어는 청각이나 시각 등의 장애도 나타난다. 따라서 언어치료와 그 밖의 치료를 통합시켜 주는 것이 중요하며 특히 심리적으로 위축되기 쉬운 언어장애를 가진 실어증 환자에게 있어서 풍요로운 감정을 만들어주는 음악 치료의 응용은 매우 효과적일 것이다. 본 연구는 브로카 실어증을 가진 뇌졸중 노인 2명을 대상으로 멜로디 억양치료 기법(MIT)을 사용하여 주 2회씩 5주 동안 총 10회의 세션을 실행하여 결과를 분석한 사례연구이다. 본 연구의 목적은 환자의 구어적인 언어에서의 단어말하기의 음절수의 변화를 보고자 함이었으며 또한 언어 재활치료 프로그램 내에서 자신의 능력의 가치를 확인하고 성공할 때에 가지게 되는 긍정적인 심리적 효과 즉, 자신감을 줄 수 있는 효과를 유도하고자 하였다. 총 10회의 음악치료 세션 단계에서는 MIT 기법을 사용해 Manual에 따라 점수를 기록하고 세션에 따르는 향상 정도를 측정하였는데 구체적인 음절수의 변화를 보기 위하여 각각의 수준에서의 발화 음절수의 성취도를 분석하였다. 2음절에서 4음절로 구성된 프로그램에서의 결과로 보여 지는 것은 다음과 같다. 대상자 A는 Level I의 예비적인 단계는 모두 수행하였고 2음절 단어의 경우 5회에는 Level III로 넘어갈 수 있었으며, 7회에는 Level IV로 넘어 갔다. 3음절의 단어들은 7회에서 Level III로 넘어갈 수 있었으며 9회에는 Level IV로 넘어 간 것을 알 수 있었다. 마지막 4음절의 단어에서는 첫 세션 시에 8%의 저조한 성공률을 보였으나 반복적인 시도의 효과로 6회 세션에서 성취도가 급격히 증가하였으며 8회 세션에서 Level III로, 10회 세션에서 Level IV로 향상된 것을 알 수 있었다. 대상자B는 대상자 A와 마찬가지로 Level I의 예비적인 단계는 모두 수행하였고 2음절 단어의 경우 4회에서 Level III로 넘어갈 수 있었으며, 6회에는 Level IV로 넘어 갔다. 3음절의 단어들은 5회에는 Level III로 넘어갈 수 있었고 7회에는 Level IV로 넘어 간 것을 알 수 있었다. 마지막 4음절의 단어에서는 첫 세션 시에 10%의 저조한 성공률을 보였으나 역시 반복적인 시도의 효과로 5회 세션에서 성취도가 급격히 증가하였으며 7회 세션에서 Level III로 넘어갈 수 있었으나 10회 세션이 되기 까지 유의미한 성취도는 보여지지 않았다. 결론적으로 뇌졸중 환자의 언어재활 치료에 있어서의 멜로디 억양치료기법은 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았지만 브로카 실어증을 가진 환자 2명의 음절수의 발화 성공률의 증가나 과제에 있어서의 전체적인 성공률을 볼 때 향상된 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 이것은 브로카 실어증 환자의 언어적인 능력과 그들의 언어적 재활에 있어서 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로서 치료적인 효과를 암시한다.