• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to help the care of patient and to his family through comparison of the level of anxiety which between the family of admitted patient and the family without in patient, and to his family through comparison of the level of anxiety which between the family of admitted patient and the family without inpatient and exclude the factors which raised the level of anxiety in them. The experimental group in this study were samples of 200 patient's family selected by random sampling in H. University hospital located in Seoul (Department of patient were internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics and neuropsychiatry). The control group were samples of 70 family without inpatient selected by random sampling in Seoul. The data were collected through STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) by Spielberger (1970) for measurement to level of state and trait anxiety from April 1st to April 15th in 1982. The contents of data analysis by EDPS included the difference of level of anxiety between experimental and control group, correlationship between general characteristics of experimental group and level of anxiety, and correlation of trait and state anxiety in experimental group. The Findings of this study were as follows: 1) Level of anxiety of experimental group is higher than control group. 2) In the correlation between general characteristics and level of anxiety of experimental group, there were no significant difference which revealed in correlation with age of family member, family life cycle, marital status, the relation between patient and family member, the degree of symptom, number of admission, admission or nonadmission of medical insurance, number of family member, and division of disease to level of anxiety However, according to the sex of family member, hospitalization period, a monthly income of family, the degree of confidence toward medical team, religion of family, academic background of family, a tendency of significant differences to level of anxiety were seen. To put them in the concrete, they were as follow; a) Level of. anxiety on female family member is higher than male in experimental group. b) Admission period of patient is positively related to the level of anxiety of patient's family. c) The degree of confidence of patient's family toward medical team is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety. d) A monthly income of patient's family is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety. e) Levlt of anxiety of believer in patient's family is lower than unbeliever. f) The academical background of patient's family is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety g) Level of state anxiety of patient's family at the time of admission is positively related to the level of trait anxiety.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2016

Prenatal nicotine exposure over an entire pregnancy has been associated with an increased prevalence of hyperactivity, anxiety-like behavior and depression-like behavior in mature rats. However, the effects of maternal nicotine exposure in late gestation and lactation on the psychology and behavior of adolescent rat offspring are unclear. Thus, we investigated the effect of nicotine exposure during late gestation and lactation on anxiety-like and impulsive decision-making behavior in adolescent offspring of rat. Female rats were orally exposed to nicotine which is within range of plasma level of human chronic smokers during the period of third last period of gestation and lactation. When the offspring were weaned, we observed alterations in the anxiety-like behavior and decision-making ability of adolescent rat offspring using light/dark box test and T-maze delay-based cost-benefit decision-making task. The maternal consumption of nicotine reduced both the time spent in the light compartment and the number of transitions compared to nicotine-free rats. Moreover, such nicotine exposed adolescent offspring rats showed impulsive decision making which chose the instant reward in a decision-making situation. We found that nicotine exposure during late gestation and lactation induces an increase in anxiety-like and impulsive decision-making behavior at this developmental stage. These findings suggest that maternal nicotine-exposed offspring are at an increased risk of developing anxious and impulsive behavior.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the direct and indirect effects of premarital adult child's perceived self-differentiation and parent-child dynamics of emotional system on trait anxiety. The subjects of the study numbered 277, and correlation and path analysis was used with SPSS 10.0. The major findings were as follows: 1. It was shown that self-differentiation, over involvement and perceived criticism of premarital adult children were correlated with trait anxiety. And, among demographic variables, education, income, and marital status of the subjects' parents were related with trait anxiety. 2. Parent-child differentiation, over involvement, perceived criticism, and sex had direct effects on premarital adult child's self-differentiation. The variables that had direct effects on trait anxiety, which was the final dependent variable were self-differentiation, parent-child differentiation, perceived criticism, and income while over involvement an indirect effect on it.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of scientific inquiry-based peer teaching experience on pre-service elementary teachers' science teaching efficacy, anxiety to science and attitude toward science. The participants of this study included 118 pre-service teachers. The pre-post paired t-test design was implemented to examine the effect of this program. In addition, the semi-structured interviews were carried out for investigating their changes of affective characteristics. The result of this study showed that inquiry-based peer teaching provided pre-service teachers with the opportunities to enhance their science teaching efficacy and attitude toward science and reduce their anxiety to science. The findings imply that it is possible to meaningfully change elementary teachers' affective characteristics when effective strategies are adequately adopted.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify psychological anxiety factors related to firefighters' field activities and suggest improvement measures. To investigate the actual status of psychological anxiety factors, a survey was conducted on approximately 3,500 current firefighters, and the responses of 505 people who participated in the survey were analyzed. As a research method, frequency analysis and cross-analysis were conducted according to the general characteristics of the participants to determine the actual level of psychological anxiety in each work field and the results were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was statistically confirmed that firefighters feel a lot of psychological burden due to legal and institutional inadequacies during dispatch, return, or field activities, and frequent friction with civil servants is also a major cause of psychological anxiety. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is proposed to establish a permanent legal support team in each city and province, designate and operate a hospital dedicated to psychological treatment, and establish a special provision for traffic accidents during the return of fire trucks so that firefighters can concentrate on their duties without psychological anxiety. do.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the level of students' anxiety depending on the injection type, education methods, and the students' characteristics. Methods: 209 first year nursing students were randomly assigned to each group by three factors -injection methods, video watching, and number of practice. Injection methods had two levels (IV and IM). Video watching also had also two levels (video watching and non-watching group). And the number of practice had 4 levels according to number of practice (2, 4, 6, and 8 times). The video watching group was watching 30 minutes video before manikin practice. After 5 to 15 minutes of manikin practice, the sufficiency of practice and the level of anxiety were measured. The data were analyzed by t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: The anxiety of the IV practice was higher than that of IM. The students who have experiences of working at hospital or the similar institution were lower in anxiety. The higher self-confident in sufficiency of practice lowered the students' anxiety. But watching video and the number of practices had no effects on the level of anxiety. Conclusion: To effectively lower the anxiety of nursing students in the nursing practice education, lecture methods and education tools are needed to develop.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of long- and short-term energy drinks on anxiety-like, depressionlike, and cognitive behavior in adolescent rats. Methods: Adolescent rats (age six weeks) were randomly classified into a control group (CON), a long-term administration group (LT), and a short-term administration group (ST). The LT group was orally administered 1.5 mL/100 g (body weight) of energy drink twice daily for 14 days, the ST group was orally administered for one day, and the control group applied the same amount of normal saline. Later, an open-field test, a forced swim test, novel object recognition test, and an 8-arm radial maze test was conducted to assess the rats' anxiety, depression, and cognitive function. Results: There were different effects in the long- and short-term groups of energy drink administration. In the LT group, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior increased because of increased movement in the side corner and decrease of immobility time. Also, the time to explore novel objects decreased, and the number of correct responses was reduced, indicating a learning and memory function disorder. However, the ST group was not different from the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that long-term consumption of energy drinks can increase anxiety-like, depression-like behavior, and this can lead to decrease in learning and memory functions. Thus, nurse and health care providers should understand the impact of energy drink consumption in adolescence to provide appropriate practices and education.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an electric heating pad on abdominal pain and anxiety during the colonoscopy procedure. Method: Data were collected from 70 adult patients (experimental group (35), control group (35)) who underwent colonoscopy in a general hospital in Seoul, South Korea between January 6 and May 4 2006. For the experimental group the electric heating pad was applied from 20 minutes before the test through the whole procedure. Objective pain was measured during the test, and subjective pain, state anxiety, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured after the procedure. Results: The experimental group with the electric heating pad reported significantly lower subjective pain and anxiety than did the control group. There were no significant differences in objective pain between experimental and control groups. Patients with an electric heating pad showed significantly lower systolic and diastolic pressure than did those in the control group. There was no significant difference in pulse rate between the groups. Conclusion: Use of an electric heating pad was efficient in reducing subjective pain and anxiety among patients undergoing colonoscopy. This is a convenient and useful nursing intervention to reduce anxiety and pain among patients having a colonoscopy.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intention to use advance directives and level of death anxiety in community-dwelling elders. Method: The participants were 200 older adults who were aged 60 or over and attended the community welfare centers. The level intention to use advance directive was measured by a questionnaire that was developed by the authors for the study. The measure by Kraus and Ellisond was administered to evaluate the level of death anxiety. Result: The average score for intention to use advance directives was $2.05{\pm}0.88$ and that of death anxiety was $6.2{\pm}2.28$. There were significant differences in the intention to use advance directives according to education levels and individual properties. Although there was no significant relationship between the intention to use advance directives and the level of death anxiety, they were negatively associated. Therefore, older adults who had lower death anxiety would tend to use advance directives. Conclusion: It would be necessary to screening the level of death anxiety to promote use of the advance directives. In addition, education programs for advance directives would be essential to consider about advance directives for their end-of-life especially for the community-dwelling elderly in Korea.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for studying contemporary family violence, and to examine self-differentiation and trait-anxiety levels of urban-area housewives. The 207 subjects were married and living in urban areas. The statistical analyses used for this data were frequency, percentile, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple-regression. The main results obtained from this study were as follows: 1) Period of the family violence is 6-10 years, the main forms of violent behavior are kicking and punching, and the most violently abused wives want to divorce their husbands. 2) The self-differentiation level is 2.78, the verbal violence level is 2.06, the physical violence level is 2.06, and the trait-anxiety level is 2.49. 3) The degree of self-differentiation differed according to level of wife's education, husband's education, type of residence, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 4) The degree of violence differed according to level of wife's education, husband's education, type of residence, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 5) The degree of trait-anxiety differed according to level of husband's education, income, wife's occupation, and husband's occupation. 6) Wife's occupation, intellectual function vs. emotional function, family projection, verbal aggression behavior influenced on trait- anxiety.