• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.497-506
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study was to estimate the factors that can be used as a predictive indicator of antler productivity in elk. Body weight and antler data from 115 stags raised at the Animal Genetic Resources Research Center in Korea were used in this study. The function for the average antler weight was derived by age, which was $y=-3.4693+5.3747x-0.8x^2+0.0424x^3$, and $R^2$ was 0.991. The analysis of the relationship between body weight at birth and the 1st and 2nd year and the antler weight after the 2nd year showed a correlation between them. There was a correlation between the antler weight of 1 and 2 year old stags and the weight of 2 year old stags as well; especially, both antler weights for the 1st and 2nd year were highly correlated with the antler weight of the 4th year. However, there was no relationship between the antler main beam length for the 1st and 2nd year and the antler weight after the 3rd year. Therefore, it is expected that a large amount of antler will be obtained in the future if proper management is carried out for young deer from birth to 2 years old. Additionally, the results of this study are expected to be useful for the development of a deer breeding program and the deer industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권9호
• /
• pp.1303-1308
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate changes in blood enzyme parameters and to evaluate the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), antler growth and body weight during the antler growth of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Serum enzyme activity and IGF-1 concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from the jugular and femoral veins at regular intervals during the antler growth period. Blood samples were taken in the morning from fasted stags (n = 12) which were healthy and showed no clinical signs of disease. Alfalfa was available ad libitum and concentrates were given at 1% of body weight to all stags. The experimental diet was provided at 9 am with water available at all times. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during antler growth, but alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased with antler growth progression, and the highest alkaline phosphatase concentration was obtained 55 days after antler casting. Serum IGF-1 concentrations measured from blood samples taken from the jugular vein during antler growth, determined that levels of IGF-1 was associated with body weight and antler growth patterns. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were higher at the antler cutting date than other sampling dates. Antler length increased significantly during antler growth (p<0.001), and there was a similar trend to between right and left beams. Body weight increased with antler growth but was not significant. Consequently it appeared that serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was related to antler growth and both antler growth and body weight were associated positively with IGF-1 concentrations during antler growth.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.214-224
• /
• 2021

We was confirmed that the antler extract increases the expression of marker genes expressed in the process of bone formation, and that the effect on the increase in the expression of the gene is further increased by fermentation of the antler extract. In addition, the mouse model in which menopausal was induced by ovary extraction significantly reduced the movement distance and exercise time of mice compared to the control group. But the decrease was somewhat alleviated by the administration of the antler extract, and completely restored when the fermented antler extract was administered. In the menopause-induced mice, the body weight ratio of heart, liver, and spleen weights increased compared to the control group, but the antler extract and the antler ferment extract restored the body weight ratio of various organ weights to the level of the control group in the menopause-induced mice. Consequently, this has led to mitigating changes in the metabolism affected by menopause.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 1989

Systematic pharmacological studies on powdered whole part of unossified antler obtained from Cervus nippon Temminck var. mantchuricus have been carried out in mice and rats. Powdered antler, with a single oral administration, showed a very weak acute and subacute toxicity; its MLD being >5g/kg orally in mice. On daily oral treatments of the antler for 14 days, it did not cause any significant differences in body weight gain, various organ weights and serum transaminase activities compared to those of the control rats. Powdered antler, with a single oral administration, showed a remarkable analgesic activity as evaluated by writhing syndrome and tail-pressure test, a weak CNS depressant activity as well as a weak immunopotentiating action as evaluated by carbon clearance test in mice. Powdered antler, with repeated treatments, showed a moderate antifatigue effect against immobilized stress and showed significant increases in both adrenal weight and its ascorbic acid content in rats, suggesting that the mode of antifatigue effect of antler is related to adrenal and its components.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.985-991
• /
• 2006

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Haepyoeiin-tang plus Antler water extract water extract was tested in Xylene-Application mouse ear acute inflammation model. The test articles were once dosed before Xylene-Application, and the changes on Dody weight and weights and histopathological observation of induced ear were conducted with ear histomorphometry, The increases of absolute and relative ear weight detected in vehicle control compared to that of sham, were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Haepyoejin-tang plus Antler in the present study, A classic acute inflammatory histological changes such as subcutaneous edema, hypertrophy and infiltration of inflammatory cells, was detected in vehicle control. However, these histological changes were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Haepyoeiin-tang plus Antler. In addition, the increases of ear thickness half and thickness full detected in the vehicle control, were also dose-dependently decreased in the all Haepyoeiin-tang plus Antler-dosing groups. Base on these results, it is concluded that Haepyoeiin-tang plus Antler water extracts have a clear anti-inflammatory effect on the acute inflammation. However, somewhat lower anti-inflammatory effects were detected in Haepyoeiin-tang plus Antler water extracts compare to that of Dethamethason and Dicrofenac. About 500 mg/kg of Haepyoeiin-tang plus Antler water extracts have similar effect compared to that of Dicrofenac 15 mg/kg.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.511-516
• /
• 1993

간장해에 미치는 녹각추출물(water-ext., neutral ext. 및 ether-ext.)의 효과를 구명할 목적으로 녹각을 추출 분리하여 급여하고 매주 일정시각에 galactosa-mine (400mg/kg of body weight)으로 간장해를 유도한 후 녹각추출물이 간기능 상태의 지표인 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 생화학적 측면에서 비교.고찰하였다 체중증가량, 식이섭취량 및 식이효율은 Control군에 비해 galactosamine 투여군에서 감소를 보였고, 각각의 녹각추출물 급여로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 체중100g당 장기무게는 간장의 경우 Balactosamine 투여로 현저한 증가를 보였으나 각각의 녹각추출물 급여가 이들의 수치를 감소시켰고, 신장, 비장 및 심장에는 별다른 차이가 없었다. 혈청 aminotransferase 활성은 galactosamine투여로 인해 증가하였으며, 각각의 녹각추출물중 water-ext.가 galactosamine투여에 의한 효소 활성도의 변화를 현저히 완화시켰다. 혈청 LDH와 ALP의 활성은 galactosamine투여로 증가하였고, 녹각추출물을 병행 투여한 군에서 Water-CaIN군의 활성이 Control군 수준에 가장 가깝게 감소하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2018

Background: Examination of the effects of deer antler, old antler, and antler glue on postmenopausal osteoporosis in an ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat model. Methods: The study involved 7 experimental groups; SHAM (sham-operated rats), OVX (ovariectomized rats), E2 (ovariectomized rats with estradiol $10{\mu}g/kg$ daily, orally), DA (ovariectomized rats with deer antler extract 5.83 mg/kg), OA (ovariectomized rats with old antler extract 3.8 mg/kg), low-AG (ovariectomized rats with low dose of antler glue powder 12.5 mg/kg), high-AG (ovariectomized rats with high dose of antler glue powder 37.5 mg/kg). After 6 weeks of treatment, body weight, blood calcium, phosphorus, estradiol, liver [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT)] and kidney [blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio] function, and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Results: The body weights of DA, OA, low-AG, and high-AG groups did not significantly differ from OVX group. Blood estradiol levels were significantly increased in the DA, low-AG, and high-AG groups compared to the OVX group. Blood calcium, phosphorus, ALP, AST, and ALT levels and BUN/creatinine ratio did not show significant changes in the DA, OA, low-AG, and high-AG groups. BMDs of the femur, and femoral head and neck were significantly increased in the low-AG group. In the OA group, the BMD of the femoral head and neck was significantly increased. Conclusion: Treatment with deer antler, or antler glue for 6 weeks was effective for increasing estradiol and femoral BMD in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that this may be of therapeutic benefit for osteoporosis.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.148-160
• /
• 2005

Objective: We investigated the effects of deer antler extract (DAE) on the expression of the weight, leptin, and serum levels (lipid metabolism) of the obese SD rats induced by a $2\%$ cholesterol diet in vivo. Methods: In vivo, the weight, leptin and serum levels were measured after a period of 7 weeks for obese SD rats induced by a $2\%$ cholesterol diet and treated with DAE of three concentrations (0.938 g/kg/5ml, 1.875 g/kg/5ml, 3.75 g/kg/5ml). Results: 1. Body weight didn't change significantly. 2. Leptin levels significantly decreased (p<0.05). 3. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDH, sGOT & sGPT levels significantly decreased in the sample (p<0.05). 4. The HDL cholesterol levels significantly increased in the sample (p<0.05). 5. The average size of the epididymal fat cells significantly decreased as the concentration of deer antler extract increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Deer antler effects inhibition of obese rats.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2007

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of "Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler" water extract was tested in Xylene-Application mouse ear acute inflammation model. The test articles were once dosed before Xylene-Application, and the changes on body weight and ear weights and histopathological observation of induced ear were conducted with ear histomorphometry. The obtained results were as follows. The increases of absolute and relative ear weight detected in vehicle control compared to that of sham, were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler in the present study. A classic acute inflammatory histological changes such as subcutaneous edema, thickness and infiltration of inflammatory cells, was detected in vehicle control. However, these histological changes were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler. In addition, the increases of ear thickness half and thickness full detected in the vehicle control were also dose-dependently decreased in the all Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler-dosing groups. Base on these results, it is concluded that Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang ga Antler extracts has clear anti-inflammatory effect on the acute inflammation such as bronchial asthma.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.472-477
• /
• 1996

간장해에 미치는 녹각의 효과를 밝힐 목적으로 녹각을 성분별로 추출 분리하여 급여하고 galactosamine으로 간장해를 유도한 후 녹각추출물이 간기능 유지에 관여하는 효소활성 및 지질 대사에 미치는 영향을 생화학적 측면에서 고찰하였다. Cytochrome P-450은 녹각추출물 급여로 증가하였으며 갈락토사민 투여로 감소하였으나 neutral-ext.군에서 높은 증가를 보였다. Glutathione peroxidase 활성은 갈락토사민 투여로 감소하였으나, 녹각 추출물 급여로 활성이 증가하였다. 간조직의 글루타티올 함량은 녹각추출물 급여로 유의적 변동이 없었으며 갈락토사민 투여로 감소하였다. 과산화지질 함량은 대조군에 비해 각각의 녹각추출물 급여군에서 감소하여 특히 water-ext. 군에서 감소정도가 가장 현저하였다. 간조직중의 총 지방질, 총 콜레스테롤 및 트리글리세리드의 함량은 대조군에 비해 각각의 녹각추출물 급여군에서 감소하였으며, water-ext.군에서 가장 많이 하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 녹각의 water-ext.과 neutral-ext.에 함유되어 있는 성분이 간기능 유지에 관여하는 효소합성 증가를 통해 활성증가를 유도하고, 이로써 독성의 대사를 촉진시키므로 간독성을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 이와 같은 녹각추출물의 작용이 생체에 흡수되어진 xenobiotics의 해독작용과 연관될 것으로 생각된다.