• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 발효 마늘 추출물의 항혈전 활성 및 심혈관개선 효과를 조사하고자 하였다. 심혈관 질환(CVD)의 발생률은 선진국에서 빠르게 증가하고 있으며, CVD는 현재 이환율과 사망률의 주요 원인을 나타내고 있다. 천연물 및 대체의학은 CVD의 위험을 감소시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 마늘은 항염증제, 항산화제 및 항혈소판 활동을 위해 전 세계적으로 사용되는 약용식물이다. 우리는 발효 과정에서 생산된 생리활성 화합물의 생체 이용률이 증가함에 따라 이들 제품의 발효 제제가 발효되지 않은 형태보다 강력한 항혈소판 효과를 가질 수 있다는 가설을 세웠다. 따라서, 본 연구자는 쥐 혈소판으로부터 표준 광투과 응집 측정법 및 생체외 과립 분비를 사용하여 시험관내 및 생체외 혈소판 응집 분석을 통해 이들 화합물을 비교 분석 하였다. 발효된 조제물이 시험관내 및 생체외 양쪽에서 혈소판 응집이 보다 강력하고 유의적인 억제를 발휘한다는 것을 발견 하였다. 마찬가지로, 조밀한 혈소판 과립으로부터의 ATP 방출은 발효되지 않은 조제-처리된 쥐의 혈소판과 비교하여 발효된 조제-처리된 쥐 혈소판에서 유의하게 억제되었다. 결론적으로 발효 과정이 발효중에 생산된 활성 화합물의 생체 이용률이 증가한 결과 시험관내 및 생체외에서 혈소판 기능에 더 강력한 효과를 발휘한다고 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 발효 제품은 혈소판 관련 CVD에 대한 강력한 치료제로서 항혈소판 및 항혈전제로 사용될 수 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 2011

한방생약제의 항혈전 및 혈소판 응집 억제 효능을 탐색하기 위하여 하고초의 물 추출물로 혈전 용해능 활성과 혈액 응고시간 지연효과 즉 PT (prothrombin time), APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)와 혈소판 응집억제 활성 등에 대해 항혈전 효능을 평가하였다. 혈전용해도를 측정하는 fibrin plate가 용해되어 형성된 투명환의 넓이를 측정하는 실험을 진행한 결과 혈전용해도가 농도의존적으로 효능을 나타내었다. 혈액 응고 cascade에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 혈액 응고 시간 지연 및 단축 효과를 확인하고자 APTT와 PT에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 PT의 경우 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml의 경우에는 대조군보다 우수한 지연효과를 보였다. APTT의 경우에는 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml는 대조군과 비교하여 매우 탁월한 지연효과를 보이고, 2.5 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml에서도 높은 지연효과를 나타냈다. 혈소판의 응집에 따라 형성되는 두 전극 사이에 형성된 전기적 저항의 변화로 나타나는 실험을 시행한 결과 하고초의 ADP와 collagen에서 뛰어난 응집억제 활성을 보였다. 따라서 위의 항혈전 효능평가 실험결과를 볼 때 하고초를 향후에 혈전 질환의 치료제 개발에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

Korean red ginseng has broad efficacious effects against hypertension, diabetes, nociception, and cancer, and it counteracts weakness. It has been reported that Korean red ginseng is able to normalize blood pressure, improve cholesterol and lower blood glucose levels. We have recently reported that Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) significantly prevented rat carotid arterial thrombosis in vivo, and inhibited platelet aggregation ex vivo and in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of KRGE on blood circulation in human by measuring ex vivo platelet aggregation, plasma coagulation and serum lipid profiles in healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups (placebo-group, KRGE-low dose group, KRGE-high dose group). Administration of KRGE to subjects significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregations both in KRGE-low dose group from $72.79{\pm}20.53$ to $62.00{\pm}23.06%$ (p=0.0009), and in KRGE-high dose group from $75.14{\pm}21.86$ to $64.52{\pm}24.72%$ (p=0.0039), respectively. Administration of KRGE to subjects also significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregations both in KRGE-low dose group from $85.52{\pm}12.57$ to $79.62{\pm}20.47%$ (p=0.0916), and in KRGE-high dose group from $80.24{\pm}18.11$ to $70.31{\pm}25.93%$ (p=0.0565), respectively. Whereas, KRGE has no significant effects on coagulation system, such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and serum lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. KRGE also has no significant effects on hematological and serum biochemical profiles. These results suggest that KRGE has a potential to improve blood circulation through antiplatelet activity in human, and KRGE intake may be beneficial for the individuals with high risks of thrombotic and cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2023

Background: The anti-platelet activity of the saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng has been widely studied. The saponin fraction consists of the panaxadiol fraction (PDF) and panaxatriol fraction (PTF); however, their anti-platelet activity is yet to be compared. Our study aimed to investigate the potency of anti-platelet activity of PDF and PTF and to elucidate how well they retain their anti-platelet activity via different administration routes. Methods: For ex vivo studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered 250 mg/kg PDF and PTF for 7 consecutive days before blood collection via cardiac puncture. Platelet aggregation was conducted after isolation of the washed platelets. For in vitro studies, washed platelets were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. Collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were used to induce platelet aggregation. Collagen was used as an agonist for assaying adenosine triphosphate release, thromboxane B2, serotonin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) release. Results: When treated ex vivo, PDF not only inhibited ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but also upregulated cGMP levels and reduced platelet adhesion to fibronectin. Furthermore, it also inhibited Akt phosphorylation induced by collagen treatment. Panaxadiol fraction did not exert any antiplatelet activity in vitro, whereas PTF exhibited potent anti-platelet activity, inhibiting ADP, collagen, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, but significantly elevated levels of cGMP. Conclusion: Our study showed that in vitro and ex vivo PDF and PTF treatments exhibited different potency levels, indicating possible metabolic conversions of ginsenosides, which altered the content of ginsenosides capable of preventing platelet aggregation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1997

A saline suspension of Lumbricus rubellus earthworm powder (EWP) was administered to rats (1 g/kg/day) orally for 15 days to evaluate an oral effectiveness for thrombotic disorders. Blood was drawn at 2-day interval after the administration. Several parameters for antithrombotic, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities were measured, including platelet aggregation, clotting time, plasmin activity and the levels of FDP (fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products), D-dimer, and t-PA antigen. It did not affect platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen but anticoagulant activity (aPTT and TT) was gradually increased to two-folds for the first 5 days of administration and back to normal. Fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction was highest on the 11 th day after the administration. The level of FDP was elevated to be comparable to the positve control$ (5-10 {\mu}g/ml)$ after 9-day treatment. Oral administration of the EWP could also reduce the formation of venous thrombus induced with viper venom. Complete blood count (CBC) profiles were within normal ranges except for a slight increase in white blood cells after the oral administration for 15 days. These results suggested that the EWP may be valuable for the prevention and/or treatment of thrombotic diseases.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.763-767
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• 2006

The anticoagulant properties of compounds derived from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Gaertner) fruits were evaluated using a platelet aggregometer and compared with aspirin. The active constituents of fennel fruits were isolated and identified as (+)-fenchone and extragole by various spectral analysis techniques. With regard to the 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$), (+)-fenchone effectively inhibited platelet aggregation induced by treatment with collagen ($IC_{50}$, $3.9\;{\mu}M$) and arachidonic acid (AA) ($IC_{50}$, $27.1\;{\mu}M$), and estragole inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation ($IC_{50}$, $4.7\;{\mu}M$). By way of comparison, (+)-fenchone and estragole proved to be significantly more potent than aspirin at inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by collagen. The inhibitory activity of (+)-fenchone toward platelet aggregation induced by AA was 1.3 times stronger than that of aspirin. These results indicate that (+)- fenchone and estragole may be useful as lead compounds for inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and collagen.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.135-138
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• 1993

Aqueous fractions from Korean red ginseng inhibited the phosphorylations of 40 KD and 20 KD polypeptides which were induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (100 nM) in human platelets. Much more carbohydrates were contained in the aqueous fractions than proteins. An aqueous fraction extracted with methanol, mainly, consists of glycoproteins, molecular weights of which were below 18 KD. We may infer that the aqueous fraction from Korean red ginseng do antitumorous and antiplatelet functions.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

We investigated the effects of plant vinegar on platelets and blood coagulation system. Plant vinegar inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner, when platelets were activated by thrombin and collagen. In addition, plant vinegar showed inhibitory effects on the serotonin secretion induced by thrombin in a concentration dependent manner. However, treatment with plant vinegar to platelets did not induce any cytotoxicity, as determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Plant vinegar did not change the coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) using rat citrated plasma. In vivo study revealed that, treatment with plant vinegar prolonged the bleeding time from mouse tail. All these results suggest that plant vinegar might improve blood hemostasis mediated via anti platelet activities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.774-778
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• 1998

Brazilin [7,11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,6a,9,10(6H)-tetrol] inhibited thrombin-, collagen- and ADP-induced aggregation of washed rat platelets. T hrombin- and collagen-induced ATP release were also inhibited by brazilin in a concentration-dependent manner. Brazilin inhibited the formation of platelet thromboxane $A_2$ caused by thrombin, whereas it had no effect on the prostaglandin $D_2$ formation. Brazilin inhibited $^3H$-arachidonic acid liberation from membrane phospholipids of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Brazilin inhibited the rise of intracellular free calcium caused by thrombin. These results indicate that the inhibition of phospholipase ($PLA_2$) activity and [$[Ca^{2+}]_1$ elevation might be at least a part of antiplatelet mechanism of brazilin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.352-356
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• 1991

The anti-platelet activity of ilexoside D isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. was investigated in in vitro and ex vivo models of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin or collagen in rats. In vitro ilexoside D inhibited more effectively platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin than by collagen as compared with aspirin. Ex vivo ilexoside D also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen, but not by thrombin, and the inhibitory action of ilexoside D was more effective than that of aspirin. However, in vitro ilexoside D inhibited very poorly the generation of malonyldialdehyde, which is known to be concomitantly released with thromboxane $A_2$ during platelet aggregation. These results suggest that the anti-platelet activity of ilexoside D may not be responsible for prostaglandin synthesis in platelets.