• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2021

Sweet pumpkin is rich in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and fiber, and also contains a large amount of β-carotene, which has antioxidant effects. In this study, Makgeolli containing steaming sweet pumpkin (SP) was manufactured to enhance the antioxidant activity. To prepare the Makgeolli, SP was added in amounts of 5, 10, 20, and 30% (w/w), and the chemical (pH, total acidity, alcohol), microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, yeast) properties, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS) were examined during fermentation and storage for 9 days. The pH of SP Makgeolli was 4.00-4.23 at day 1 of fermentation, and then the pH gradually decreased as fermentation progressed, showing the lowest results at day 9 (3.28-3.52). At day 1, the total acidity was significantly increased (P<0.05) as the amount of SP (0-30%; 0.09-0.55%) and the total acidity in SP Makgeolli (1.01-1.20) was also rapidly increased by 5 days of fermentation. Alcohol content was significantly increased (P<0.05) as the amount of SP (0-30%; 4.59-5.77%) increased at day 9. The counts of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in SP Makgeolli were 8.0-8.1 and 7.9-7.8.0 CFU/mL, respectively, which was higher than SP 0% at day 9. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (P<0.05) as the amount of SP (0-30%; 48.29-78.97% for DPPH, 62.12-86.68% for ABTS) increased at day 9. This study suggests that Makgeolli added with SP could be potentially and commercially developed due to its superior microbiological and chemical properties, including high antioxidant activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.454-462
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• 2021

This study investigated the antioxidant and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition effects of three domestic and seven foreign fermented black tea 70% ethanol extracts. Bosung showed the highest total polyphenol and tannin contents. Jeju showed the highest total flavonoid contents. The theanine content was higher in Hadong (651.50 mg%) than in foreign fermented black tea. At 25 ㎍/mL, the domestic fermented black tea extract showed the highest DPPH and ABTS racial-scavenging activities, reducing power assays. Domestic fermented black tea showed higher NO inhibitor activity than foreign black tea at 50 ㎍/mL. Bosung black tea extract showed an increase in SOD-1 level (1.39-fold) compared to the LPS-only group. Bosung and Jeju decreased the GST protein by 1.52- and 1.46-folds, respectively, compared to the LPS-only group. Thus our results suggest that domestic fermented black tea (Bosung, Jeju, and Hadong) are effective antioxidants in RAW 264.7 cells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the various functionalities of the peels, pulps, and seeds of passion fruit. Proximate composition, mineral contents, phenolic acid contents, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitory activities were measured for each part of passion fruit. Proximate composition analysis of the passion fruit indicated that moisture content contained (4.78-8.20%), carbohydrate (68.33-73.23%), protein (8.78-13.63%), fat (1.19-11.60%), and ash (1.51-8.80%). K, Ca, Na and Fe were the predominant mineral in the peels. P and Mg were the predominant mineral in the pulps. All the antioxidant activities (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power) showed high results in the seeds. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities IC₅₀ were in the peels (5.59 and 63.16 mg/mL), in the pulps (3.80 and 31.90 mg/mL), and in the seeds (0.06 and 1.02 mg/mL). These results indicated that the pulps, peels, and seeds of passion fruit have value as natural antioxidants with the high quality functional components.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.360-371
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• 2018

Extracts and fractions of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge were prepared and their physiological activities and components were analyzed. Antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions were $78{\mu}g/ml$ and $31{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, for Staphylococcus aureus and $156{\mu}g/ml$ and $125{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and aglycone fraction of A. asphodeloides extracts were $146.2{\mu}g/ml$, $23.19{\mu}g/ml$, and $71.06{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity ($OSC_{50}$) in an $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) system were $17.5{\mu}g/ml$, $1.5{\mu}g/ml$, and $1.4{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The cytoprotective effect (${\tau}_{50}$) in $^1O_2$-induced erythrocyte hemolysis was 181 min with $4{\mu}g/ml$ of the aglycone fraction. The ${\tau}_{50}$ of the aglycone fraction was approximately 4-times higher than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}$, 41 min). Analysis of $H_2O_2$-induced damage of HaCaT cells revealed that the maximum cell viabilities for the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and aglycone fraction were 86.23%, 86.59%, and 89.70%, respectively. The aglycone fraction increased cell viability up to 11.53% at $1{\mu}g/ml$ compared to the positive control treated with $H_2O_2$. Analysis of ultraviolet B radiation-induced HaCaT cell damage revealed up to 41.77% decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species in the $2{\mu}g/ml$ aglycone fraction compared with the positive control treated with ultraviolet B radiation. The findings suggest that the extracts and fractions of A. asphodeloides Bunge have potential applications in the field of cosmetics as natural preservatives and antioxidants.