• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2009

We evaluated total phenolics and antioxidative activities of water extracts from different parts of Cudrania tricuspidata (specifically, the leaves, stems, roots, and fruits). The antioxidative activities of these samples were determined using five methods, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging, reducing power, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and $\beta$-carotene/linoleic acid system. The water extract of leaves exhibited the higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and FRAP than water extract of stem, roots, and fruits. Inhibition values on linoleic oxidation of water extracts from leaves, stems, roots, and fruits were calculated as 45.98%, 33.03%, 39.73%, and 25.48% at 10 mg/mL, respectively. The water extract of C. tricuspidata leaves had the highest amount of toal phenolics (73.60$\pm$0.28 mg/g). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that quercetin is the predominant phenolic compound in water extract of leaves. Thus, our study verified that the water extract of leaves has strong antioxidant activities which are correlated with its high level of phenolic compounds, particularly quercetin. This water extract of C. tricuspidata leaves can be used as an effective and safe source of antioxidants.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to determine total phenolics (TP) content, total flavonoids (TF) level, and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from leaf parts of 15 Vietnamese wild plants. TP content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from Altenanthera sessilis ($409.7{\pm}1.4$ ppm), and followed by Eclipta prostrata ($183.6{\pm}3.8$ ppm) and Cassia tora ($159.3{\pm}5.7$ ppm). The highest TF level also was found in A. sessilis ($156.3{\pm}1.7$ ppm), followed by E. prostrata, and C. tora, showing similar tendency to TP. Methanol extracts of A. sessilis, E. prostrate and C. tora at 1000 ppm exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity by 94.5, 92.6 and 92.7%, respectively. The methanol extracts from A. sessilis showed the highest ABTS and nitrite scavenging activities by 97% and 92%, respectively. The highest correlation coefficient ($r^2$) was 0.9522 between TP and TF, and followed by 0.8919 between DPPH and ABTS activities. However, polyphenols and antioxidant activities showed low correlation coefficients, ranging from $r^2=0.4114$ to 0.4826. It was concluded that Vietnamese wild plants contain polyphenol compounds with antioxidant activities depending on plant species.

• 셀메드
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.32.1-32.6
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• 2013

Plectranthus amboinicus Benth (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant native to India, and its leaves are widely used in several traditional medicinal preparations. The purpose of this study was to detect and quantify phenolics present in ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of P. amboinicus leaves, and evaluate their antioxidant, antibacterial, antimutagenic and anticancer activities. The HPLC chromatograms of crude leaf extracts indicated the presence of phenolics like caffeic acid, coumaric acid, rutin, quercetin and gallic acid, which were present in the range of 0.01 - 1.41 mg/g in ethyl acetate and 0.03 - 1.93 mg/g in the acetone extract. The acetone extract showed statistically (p < 0.05) higher antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$, 99.59 ${\mu}g/ml$) than ethyl acetate extract ($IC_{50}$, 149.96 ${\mu}g/ml$). Statistically (p < 0.05) higher antimutagenicity was shown by acetone extract (46.16%) as compare to ethyl acetate extract (12.16%) at 500 ${\mu}g/plate$ concentration. The acetone extract showed higher antibacterial activity than ethyl acetate extract, and both the extracts showed highest activity against B. cereus (375 and 625 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively) and lowest activity against Y. enterocolitica (1000 and 1125 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively). Both the extracts also showed inhibitory effect on cancer cell lines HCT-15 and MCF-7. These results suggest that the leaves of P. amboinicus possess various biological activities, and validate the traditional use of the leaves of P. amboinicus against cold, infection and ulceration.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2016

Fresh ginseng roots were aged in an oven at $80^{\circ}C$ for 14 d. The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of this aged ginseng, in comparison with those of the white and red ginsengs, were evaluated. In in vitro antioxidant assays, the ethanolic extracts from aged ginseng showed significantly higher free radical scavenging activity and reducing power than those of the white and red ginsengs. In in vivo antioxidant assays, mice were fed a high fat diet supplemented with white, red, or aged ginseng powders. High fat feeding resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and a substantial decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in the animals. However, diet supplementation of ginseng powders, particularly aged ginseng, markedly reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities. The results illustrate that the aged ginseng has greater in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity than the white and red ginsengs. The aged ginseng also showed considerably higher total saponin, phenolic, and flavonoid contents, indicating that its antioxidant capacity may have been partly due to its high levels of antioxidant compounds. This new ginseng product may be useful as a functional food with strong antioxidant potential.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 용매별(methanol, ethanol, acetone 및 water)로 추출한 canola meal의 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 모든 canola meal 용매 추출물들은 첨가 농도가 증가할수록 항산화 활성이 점진적으로 증가하였다. 추출물 중에서 methanol 추출물이 가장 낮은 $EC_{50}$ (DPPH radical scavenging ability; 0.9 mg/mL, ABTS radical scavenging ability; 3.5 mg/mL, reducing power; 1.3 mg/mL and chelating ability; 8.5 mg/mL)과 가장 많은 항산화 물질 (total phenolics; $63.3\;{\mu}g$/mg, total flavonoids; $21.3\;{\mu}g$/mg)을 함유하는 것으로 나타났다. 보다 정확한 canola meal의 항산화 활성을 조사하기 위하여 항산화 활성이 높은 methanol 추출물을 sephadex LH-20 column을 이용하여 순차적으로 MF 1, MF 2 및 MF 3의 3개의 분획물을 얻었으며, 동일한 농도(1.5 mg/mL)에서 측정한 항산화 활성에서 DPPH radical scavenging ability는 MF 2(75.56%)에서, ABTS radical scavenging ability와 reducing power는 MF 3(31.17% and 1.60)에서, chelating ability는 MF 1(77.72%)에서 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3589-3595
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• 2013

Cu, Ni 및 Cd에 노출된 망그로브 식물의 페놀성 화합물, 항산화 활성 및 지방산 함량의 변화를 분석하였다. Rhizophora mangle의 태생종자를 Cu(0.01 및 1 ppm), Ni(0.1 및 10 ppm) 및 Cd(0.1 및 10 ppm) 스트레스 하에서 12주간 배양하였다. 대조구와 비교하여 볼 때, 12주 동안 망그로브 뿌리의 형태학적 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 12주간 배양된 태생종자에서 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 통계학적으로 유의하게 변화하지 않았으나, 항산화 활성은 크게 증가하였다. 지방산, C14:1, C15:1 및 C18:2n-6, 함량은 시험된 모든 태생종자에서 변화하였다. 이러한 결과는 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 assay와 지방산 함량분석이 중금속 하에서의 망그로브 식물의 반응을 진단할 수 있는 유용한 바이오마커가 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2022

본 연구는 생리활성물질이 풍부한 아로니아를 활용하여 가공식품 개발에 필요한 기초 연구 데이터를 제공하기 위해 아로니아와 설탕의 배합비율별 프리저브 잼을 제조한 뒤 그 품질 특성과 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 배합비율에 따라 아로니아의 함량이 낮아질수록 당도는 높아졌으며 수분함량은 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 강도와 최대응력은 아로니아 함량이 줄어들고 설탕의 함량이 증가할수록 높은 값을 나타내었다. 잼의 비율별 항산화 활성은 아로니아 함량 70%에서 DPPH radical 저해율이 가장 높았다. 총 페놀 함량, TEAC, FRAP, ORAC의 값은 모두 아로니아 함량에 따라 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능평가에서 단맛과 식감이 모두 강하다고 평가된 아로니아 함량 30%에서는 오히려 종합적 선호도에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 아로니아 함량 40%에서 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 아로니아와 설탕 배합비율에 따른 품질 특성과 항산화 연구를 진행하였으며 국산 아로니아를 활용한 제품의 개발에 기초 자료로서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

The effect of chitosan on enzymatic activities and on bioactive compounds was characterized during germination at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days to search for a method to produce a germinated black rice. The germination rate was reduced by the addition of lactate and chitosan. The rotting rate was greatly decreased by chitosan, suggesting that the addition of chitosan into a germination solution might be an effective method for controlling fungal contamination during the germination of cereals. The addition of 100 and 200 ppm chitosan increased $\alpha$-amylase activity after 7 days by up to 152 % and 197 %, respectively. The activities of $\beta$-amylase and $\beta$-glucosidase were lower with 200 ppm chitosan than in distilled water and 100 ppm lactate. The amount of total soluble phenolics and total flavonoids decreased rapidly for four days and thereafter remained constant until the seventh day. The antioxidant activity of germinated black rice, in terms of hydrogen-donating activity, increased slowly and did not correspond to the changes of total soluble phenolics and total flavonoids. The amount of phytic acid was reduced by the addition of 200 ppm chitosan compared to distilled water, indicating that chitosan could be used as an elicitor for the increase of phytase activity during the germination of black rice.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2012

It is well known that sunflower (SF) sprout has more beneficial effects than SF seed due to increased levels of phytochemical components such as vitamins, total phenolics, and isoflavones during germination. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and antioxidative activities of SF seed during both germination and cultivation. In a proximate analysis, the water content of SF groat was 9.17% and then increased to 15.32% on the 11th day after seeding. On a dry weight basis, crude fat content decreased while the contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, and crude ash increased. As cultivation proceeded, the contents of minerals were in decreasing order of K, Mg, Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu, in which SF sprout cultivated for 9 or 11 days contained the highest mineral contents. Though vitamin C was not detected on SF groat, the content of vitamin C continuously increased up to the 5th day of cultivation and then decreased gradually. Vitamin E content in SF groat was higher than that in SF sprout. It was also found that the vitamin E content in SF sprout was the highest on the 5th day of cultivation. Daidzin was not detected in SF groat, but its concentration reached a maximum on the 5th day of cultivation in SF sprouts. Furthermore, higher amounts of daidzein were observed on the 3rd, 5th, and 9th days of cultivation. The highest total isoflavone content was observed on either the 3rd or 5th day of cultivation. The highest content of total phenolics was observed on the 5th of cultivation. When DPPH radical and peroxyl radical scavenging activities of SF sprout were measured in order to measure antioxidant efficacy, it was found that 5 day-cultivated SF sprout had the highest scavenging activities. In conclusion, SF sprout cultivated for 9 or 11 days was found to be a good source of minerals. Furthermore, the fifth-day after seeding was the optimal time for the production of SF sprout with effective natural antioxidant activity and high amounts of functional components such as vitamins, total phenolics, and isoflavones.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2011

종피색이 다른 세 품종을 이용하여 총페놀함량, 항산화활성 및 항암활성의 변이를 조사하였다. 총페놀함량은 흑진주벼의 쌀겨와 영이 적진주벼와 일품벼보다 높게 나타났으며, 흑진주에서는 쌀겨가 영보다 함량이 높았으나 다른 두 품종은 영이 쌀겨보다 함량이 높았다. DPPH 자유기 소거능은 흑진주와 적진주의 활성이 일품벼 보다 높았으며, 쌀겨 추출물이 영 추출물보다 훨씬 높은 활성을 보였다. 환원력은 흑진주의 쌀겨 추출물이 다른 품종의 쌀겨 추출물보다 3~16배의 높은 활성을 보였으며, 적진주와 일품에서는 영 추출물의 활성이 쌀겨 추출물보다 높았다.$ABTS^+$ 라디컬 소거능은 일품벼의 영 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, 세 품종에서 모두 영 추출물이 쌀겨 추출물 보다 높은 활성을 보였다. HepG2 cell에 대한 항암활성 검정 결과, 쌀겨 추출물보다 영 추출물의 항암활성이 평균적으로 20% 정도 높게 나타났으며, 적진주벼와 일품벼의 영 추출물은 92% 정도의 유사한 활성을 보였고, 흑진주벼는 30.4%의 낮은 활성을 보였다. 벼 영 추출물의 항암활성은 총페놀함량, PDDH 자유기 소거능, 그리고 환원력과 유의한 정의 상관을 보였으나 쌀겨 추출물은 페놀함량이나 항산화 활성과 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결론적으로, 벼의 쌀겨와 왕겨는 강력한 항산화 및 항암 활성을 보였으며, 종피색이 다른 3가지 벼 품종에서 총페놀함량, 항산화 활성, 그리고 항암활성의 변이를 나타내었다.