• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 서울과 경기도 지역 소매점 및 대형마트에서 판매되고 있는 샐러드, 어린잎, 새싹채소로부터 Enterococcus의 존재를 파악하고 9개 항생제에 대한 항생제 저항성 프로파일을 확보했다. Quinupristin/dalfopristin에 저항성을 가지는 분리주가 85.0%에 이르렀고, 특히 E. faecalis 분리주는 18종 중 17종이 저항성을 나타냈다. 또한 critically important 항생제 중 highest priority로 분류되는 ciprofloxacin과 erythromycin에 대해 각각 40.0, 50.0%가 중간 정도의 저항성을 보였으며, vancomycin에 대한 저항성을 가지는 분리주는 검출되지 않았다. Enterococci의 항생제 저항성 정도는 식품 안전뿐만 아니라 공중 보건에 있어서도 중요하다는 측면에서 본 연구의 Enterococcus 오염 정도, 항생제 내성율에 대한 결과는 향후 신선 편이식품 섭취가 인체 건강에 미치는 위험분석을 위한 기초자료로서 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 보이며 앞으로 특별한 열처리 없이 섭취하는 신선 편이식품에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.493-501
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• 1989

A total of 108 strains of C jejuni isolated from pigs and chickens were examined for the susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents and normal sera of cattle, sheep, guinea pigs and chickens. Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) ranges of antimicrobial agents to C jejuni isolates were $${\leq_-}1.56$$ to $${\geq_-}100{\mu}g/ml$$ for erythromycin, rifampin, streptomycin and tetracycline, 50 to $${\geq_-}100{\mu}g$$ for cephalothin, $${\leq_-}1.56$$ to $50{\mu}g$ for ampicillin, $${\leq_-}1.56$$ to $25{\mu}g$ for kanamycin and nalidixic acid, $${\leq_-}1.56$$ to $12.5{\mu}g$ for chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Resistance rates of C jejuni were showed to in order of rifampin(84.7%), tetracycline(56.2 %), erythromycin(17.1%) and ampicillin(3.8%), all of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and kanamycin, and the incidence rates of resistant C jejuni were highly frequent in pig isolates than chicken isolates. The drug resistance patterns of 87 chicken isolates C jejuni to 9 antimicrobial drugs were showed 12 patterns, and Sm Ra Tc(24.1%), Sm Ra(21.8%) and Ra Tc(14.9%) were relatively common, and also 21 pig isolates were showed 6 patterns and Em Sm Ra Tc(57.1%) were most frequent. The majority of the isolates showed multiple drug resistance. Bactericidal activity of 10% normal sera from healthy animals were examined for 60min at $37^{\circ}C$. C jejuni were decreased from 0.4 to 1.0 ${\log}_{10}$(p<0.01), and serum susceptibility were high in order of guinea pig, sheep, chicken and cattle sera. Serum sensitivity of C jejuni Ch-39 strain in increased serum concentation up to 10, 20, 40 and 80% were highly significant. In the normal animal serum, the number of Ch-39 strain were decreased from $1.8{\times}10^4/ml$ to $2.7{\times}10^3/ml$ after 60 min incubation(p<0.01), but the numbers were decreased to $6.6{\times}10^3/ml$ in the heat inactivated normal serum for 30 min at $56^{\circ}C$. Bactericidal activity was restored in the heat inactivated normal serum after the serum of complement source was added.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2006

2001년부터 2005년까지 서울 시내 식중독 환자에서 분리한 150주의 Sal. Enteritidis의 항생제 감수성 및 다재내성 양상을 조사한 결과 총 364주의 살모넬라속균 중 41.2%를 차지하였다. 가장 내성율이 높은 항생제는 streptomycin(46.7%), ampicillin(37.3%), ticarcillin(36.7%), tetracycline(36.0%), nalidixic acid(20.7%), chloramphenicol (13.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(6.7%) 및 ampicillin/sulbactam(4.0%). 분리균의 74.7%는 1제 이상의 항생제에 내성이 있다. 실험한 S. Enteritidis에 대한 nalidixic acid와 chloramphenicol에 대한 내성은 증가하였으나 tetracycline에 대한 내성율은 감소되었다. 가장 많이 검출된 내성 양상은 NA 단일 내성과 Streptomycin-tetrcyline 내성이 18.0%로 가장 높았으며, streptomycin-ampicillin-ticarcillin(10.0%) 및 ampicillin-ticarcillin(5.5%)순이었다. 전체적으로 1제 내성이 19.3%, 2제 내성 24.7%, 3제 내성 6.7%, 4제 내성 15.0% 그리고 5제 이상 내성은 6.0%이었다. 특히 2005년에는 1제 내성과 2제 내성이 증가하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2009

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Vibrio species isolated from brackish water in Geoje, Tongyeong and Goseong, Gyeongsangnamdo province into which streams, sewage and leachate all flowed. Only 19 strains (10.7%) of 177 V. parahaemolyticus were susceptible to 15 antimicrobials. 146 strains (69.5%) proved resistant against more than one antimicrobial and 12 strains (6.8%) were multi-drug resistant. The resistance rate of 152 strains were 85.9% against AM and 26.6% against RA, 16.4% against AN, 13.6% against Sand 13.0% against TMP. 86 strains of 129 V. cholerae non-O1 (66.7%) were susceptible to antimicrobials and 31 strains (24.0%) were resistant to more than one antimicrobial and 12 strains (9.3%) were multi-drug resistant. The antimicrobial resistance rate of 129 strains against 15 antimicrobials, with the exception of C, CIP, E and GM, i.e. 11 antimicrobials, was 0.7-16.2%, 16.2% of 129 strains proved resistant against RA and 13.9% against AM, 9.3% against TMP, 7.7% against SXT and 6.9% against TE. 19 of 49 strains of V. mimicus (38.8%) were susceptible to antimicrobials and 31 strains (61.2%) were resistant against more than one antimicrobial; none of the strains were multi-drug resistant. 15 strains of V. mimicus were resistant against only RA, AmC and TE. The resistance rate was 59.2% against RA (highest) 4.1% against AmC and 2.0% against TE.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2022

We investigated the virulence genes, O-serotypes, antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic E. coli isolated from carcasses (n=455) and environmental (n=372) samples of 11 cattle and 12 pig slaughterhouses from December 2020 to December 2021. E. coli were isolated from nine carcasses (2.0%), three slaughter facilities (1.4%), two utensils (2.7%) and three abattoir workers (3.5%) from four cattle and four pig slaughterhouses. Among all isolates, 13 STEC (76.5%) were identified, followed by four EPEC (23.5%). As a result of the antibiotic susceptibility test, all isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, of which 70.6% isolates showed multidrug resistance patterns. The serotypes were diverse in pigs compared to cattle, with serotypes O18, O66, O109 in cattle and O9, O76, O85, O100, O153, and O159 in pigs. In a single cattle slaughterhouse, eight STEC O66 were isolated from various types of sample (4 slaughter animal surfaces, 3 gloves, and 1 knife) with two antimicrobial resistance patterns (CHL-FIS-STR and CHL-FIS). Those two types of strain were suspected cross-contamination from utensils to slaughter animal surfaces. These results showed that pathogenic E. coli were detected in carcasses and various environmental samples in cattle and pig slaughterhouses. Nationwide monitoring and hygiene management are required to prevent cross-contamination of STEC isolate slaughterhouses.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2020

This study aimed to determine the current prevalence, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance rate and patterns of nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) in slaughter sheep and their edible offal. While filling the gap of up to date related information in Turkey, data presented is also of significance since contamination of ovine meat, its products and offal with this pathogen is threat to public health due to their considerably high consumption rates in our country. Current NTS carriage in 200 apparently healthy slaughter sheep by ISO 6579:2002, 6579:2002/A1:2007 standard bacteriology (ISO) was 5% (10/200) (4 fecal content - 2%, 3 mesenterial lymph node - 1.5%, 3 kidney - 1.5%) out of 1,400 samples (0.7%), with no isolation from carcass, liver, gallbladder, spleen. Real-time PCR was in substantial agreement to ISO in confirming Salmonella-suspect isolates (Relative Trueness: 93.6%). S. Newport (40%) was the predominant serovar, followed by the second prevalent serovars as S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky (20%), and by S. Umbilo and S. Corvallis (10%). Four and 6 out of 10 NTS isolates were susceptible (40%) and resistant (60%) to 18 antimicrobials, respectively. S. Typhimurium isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) to tigecycline and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, with one also resistant to cefepime. S. Corvallis was MDR to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin. The predominance of S. Newport and first isolation of S. Corvallis in sheep in the world; first time isolations of Newport, Kentucky, Corvallis, Umbilo serovars from sheep in Turkey; and high antimicrobial resistance rates obtained in majority of the isolates highlights study findings.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2016

From 2013 through 2015, we investigated the contamination status and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in commercially valuable seawater and shellfish (Oyster Crassostrea gigas, short-neck clam Venerupis philippinarum, ark shell Scapharca broughtonii and mussel Mytilus galloprovinciallis) from the southern coast of Korea. The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus was highest in short-neck clams (23.7%), followed by ark shells (19.2%), oysters (15.9%), mussels (13.6%), and seawater (8.6%). The following percentages of PCR assays of shellfish were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh) : oysters (12.8%), short-neck clams(11.8%), and ark shells (3.4%). Similar assays for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) resulted in positive results for short-neck clams (5.9%) and ark shells (3.4%). Antimicrobial resistance was present in 100% of 8 tdh (+) and 2 trh (+) V. parahaemolyticus isolates challenged with ampicillin. However, all pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were sensitive to 14 other antibiotics. To ensure the safety of shellfish consumption, the continuous monitoring of the prevalence and distribution of virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish farms is needed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 우유 시료에서 포도상구균속 세균을 분리하고 각 균종을 동정하고 항생제 감수성을 검사하였다. 2009년 1월부터 2009년 10월까지 경기 북부지역 15개 축산 농가에서 287개의 우유 시료를 수집하여 총 79개의 포도상구균속 세균을 분리 동정하였다. 가장 우세한 비율로 분포하는 세균은 S. aurues (43.03%)였으며 coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) 중에서는 S. chromogenes (24.05%)가 가장 우세하게 분포하였다. 9종의 항생제에(ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin, teicoplanin, tetracyclin, vancomycin) 대한 감수성 검사를 실시한 결과 대다수의 항생제에 대한 감수성 비율이 높았으나 ampicillin (56.96%)과 oxacillin (39.23%)에 대한 내성 균주의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 31종의 oxacillin 저항성균주 중 8개의 균주가 methicillin 내성에 관여하는 mecA 유전자를 보유하고 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2019

Inappropriate antibiotic use is the most important factor causing increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics, thus affecting patient outcomes. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a serious public health threat, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Korea, the burden of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an important public health issue. There is increasing evidence of overuse and misuse of antibiotics in Korea, as observed in cohorts with large sample sizes. Antibiotic use among children should receive particular attention because of the frequency of community-associated infections among this population and the elevated risk of transmission. Recent studies from Korea have demonstrated that the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, either for inpatient or outpatient treatment, has increased among many age groups, especially children. In this review, we aim to describe the patterns of antibiotic prescription and evaluate recent trends in antibiotic use among children. Coordinated efforts toward communication and education in order to address misunderstandings regarding antibiotic use, involving interprofessional antimicrobial stewardship programs, are required in the near future.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2008

It has been reported that the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of viridans streptococci vary according to geographical region. Although several studies on the antibiotic resistance of viridans streptococci in foreign countries have been reported, little is known about the distribution of resistance among viridans streptococci in Korea. In this study, 88 isolates of viridans streptococci from Korean students' dental plaque were identified as 12 different species. The susceptibility of these isolates to 8 antibiotics was investigated. The in vitro antibiotic activity of penicillin G, ampicillin, vancomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline was measured by the broth microdilution method. The range of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), MIC50, MIC90, and the percentage of the susceptible isolates were determined. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius were susceptible to the 8 antibiotics. Isolates with resistance to vancomycin, streptomycin, and amoxicillin were not found. The overall resistance rates of the 88 isolates to penicillin G, ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline were 12.5%, 62.5%, 62.5%, 26.1%, and 26.1%, respectively.