• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.409-414
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• 2007

Antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of 14 different herbal flower extracts on skin microorganisms and oxidation were tested in this research. Herbal flower extracts were prepared with 70% ethanol. Among the herbal flower extracts, roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) flower extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis as determined by a paper disc method. The seventy % ethanol extract of roselle flower was fractionated by sequential hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractionation. The growth of S. epidermidis, Streptomyces collinus, Streptomyces coeruleoprunus, Salmonella enteritidis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Malassezia pachydermatis was most efficiently inhibited by ethyl acetate fraction of roselle flower extract as determined by a paper disc method and growth inhibition curves. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction and butanol fraction showed free radical scavenging and DNA cleavage inhibition activities. These results demonstrate that roselle flowers hold antimicrobial and antioxidative activities against skin microorganisms and oxidants.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect against food-borne pathogens of Sanguisorbae officinalis L. ethanol extract. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was determined using a paper disc-diffusion method and the diameter of the clear zone was measured. The diameters of the clear zone in the presence of 10 mg of the ethanol extract were the maximum against Staphylococcus aureus among the tested 4 gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among the tested 7 gram-negative bacteria. Analysis of the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) showed that the ethanol extract exhibited a similar efficacy as sorbic acid, well-known chemical preservatives. The growth inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract in the concentrations of 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/L on food-borne pathogens were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growth of the microorganisms was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the ethanol extract in the concentrations higher than 250 mg/L. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ethanol extract exhibits antimicrobial effects against food-borne pathogens, suggesting that Sanguisorbae officinalis L. could be used as natural antibacterial agent in food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1715-1719
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• 2004

In order to help the preservation of the unshiu orange and pear, antimicrobial paper incorporating grapefruit seed extract and zeolite was applied to pack fruits. Unshiu orange was packed in a box (24${\times}$24${\times}$22 cm) attached with antimicrobial paper and then stored respectively at l$0^{\circ}C$. Pears were wrapped individually before storage at l$0^{\circ}C$. During the storage, weight loss, pH, total acidity, soluble solid content, microbial load and decay were measured as quality indices. Steady pH increase in unshiu orange was observed to slightly decrease total acidity during the storage with little difference between the packaging treatments. The microbial loads of total aerobic bacteria, and yeast/mold counts were suppressed during storage by the antimicrobial paper packaging, which also contributed to reducing the decayed unshiu orange. Limited reduction of total aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold counts was observed only for initial storage period for the pears wrapped with 9 and 12% antimicrobial agent-added papers. Antimicrobial paper was useful for the reduction of microbial load in unshiu orange and pear without other quality deterioration.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2011

Antimicrobial activity and bactericidal activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts were investigated against five food-borne pathogens, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, B. cereus and L. monocytogenes. Methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. revealed antimicrobial activities against five pathogens. In particular, by paper disc diffusion the highest activity was shown against L. monocytogenes. Antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts showed the most potent activities, but hexane fraction had no activity. Fractions of ethyl acetate and butanol turned out to have higher antimicrobial activities against Gram(+) bacteria than Gram(-) bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration against five food-borne pathogens was 1.563 mg/ml on Gram(+) bacteria and 3.125 mg/ml on Gram(-) bacteria. The result of antimicrobial activity in a shaking flask method showed that bacterial growth rate fell by more than 99.999% at 3.125 mg/ml of methanol extract. The highest rate of viable reduction (99.998%) was shown at 0.781 mg/ml of methanol extract against L. monocytogenes. After five minutes of reaction between test strains and methanol extracts, the growth rates of five kinds of bacteria were reduced by more than 99.999% at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Therefore, it is suggested that methanol extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L. can be developed as a natural sanitizer or disinfectant.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.487-493
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• 2016

The antimicrobial activity of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysates (bLFH) was measured against Pseudomonas strains (P. syringae and P. fluorescens) in vitro. To compare susceptibility to bLFH, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using chemiluminescence assays and paper disc plate assays. Antimicrobial effect against P. fluorescens was not observed by either assay, suggesting that bLFH did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against P. fluorescens. However, a significant inhibition of P. syringae growth was observed in the presence of bLFH. The addition of bLFH in liquid or solid medium inhibited growth of P. syringae in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a bLFH peptide with antimicrobial activity toward P. syringae was isolated and identified. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of thus obtained antimicrobial bLFH peptides were analyzed by a protein sequencer and were found to be Leu-Arg-Ile-Pro-Ser-Lys-Val-Asp-Ser-Ala and Phe-Lys-Cys-Arg-Arg-Trp-Gln-Trp-Arg-Met. The latter peptide sequence is known to be characteristic of lactoferricin. Therefore, in the present study, we identified a new antimicrobial peptide against P. syringae, present within the N-terminus and possessing the amino acid sequence of Leu-Arg-Ile-Pro-Ser-Lys-Val-Asp-Ser-Ala.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.353-361
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• 2018

RFW and RFE of castor fruit selected as part of the development of natural antimicrobials and antioxidants yielded 15.8% and 18.4% respectively. In the results of measuring the antimicrobial activity through paper disc method, the antimicrobial activity of castor fruits in ethanol extracts appeared. Especially, the activity was excellent in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, and antimicrobial activity of C. was 1.5mm up to 16 hours. However, the proliferation of C. was observed again after 24 hours. In the MIC experiment results of RFE, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa showed 96% and 93% of antimicrobial activity, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of RLW and castor leaf ethanol extract showed $1.8{\pm}0.6%$ and $2.1{\pm}0.7%$ free radical scavenging activity at $1000({\mu}g/m{\ell})$. This study is expected to provide basic data for the development of antimicrobial agents and antioxidants using natural products.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2004

The antimicrobial effect of mixed solution of botanical antimicrobial agent-citrus product (BAAC) and such a natural additive as aloe, ginseng or Prunus mume extract on the spoilage microorganisms of soybean sprouts were investigated by paper disk method. The mixture (BAAG) of BAAC and ginseng extract showed the remarkable antimicrobial activity in the result of the experiment. Therefore, we used BAAG as pre-soaking and cultivating solution of soybean sprouts. Total bacterial and Escherichia coli cell count of soybean sprouts pre-soaked and cultivated in the BAAG-diluted solution (50 ppm) showed 2.5 ${\times}$ 10 CFU/mL and 1.3 ${\times}$ 10 cfu/mL in comparison with 3.5 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ cfu/mL and 5.8 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ cfu/mL of the control, respectively. BAAG-treated soybean sprouts also showed no slimy brown product and undesirable odor characterized in the control. It was confirmed that BAAG could be a proper pre-soaking and cultivating solution of soybean sprouts.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 2004

Botanical antimicrobial agent-grapefruit seed extract mixture(BAAG), which could be applied to the preparation of antimicrobial packaging paper, was investigated in order to prove the preservative function of fruits and vegetables. HAAG showed remarkable antimicrobial effects against Fusarium solani Botrytis cinerea, Pencillium crustosum, Erwinia carotovora, Phoma destructiva and Alternaria radicina causing the postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables. We have examined that HAAG could inhibit the growth of microorganims when treated with more than 500 $\mu$g/mL concentration. The activities of HAAG were stable in the wide spectrum of pH and temperature. Direct visualization of microbial cells by using scanning electron microscope showed the loss of microbial cell membrane function, which was destroyed by treating with the dilute solutions of HAAG. We could confirm that HAAG be an antimicrobial agent for the preparation of antimicrobial packaging paper.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 2006

Hwangryeon (Coptidis rhizoma) was extracted by methanol and its antimicrobial activities against food spoilage and foodborne disease microorganisms were investigated by the paper-disc method. The microorganisms used in this experiment included 5 species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 species of fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium citreonigrum). The Hwangryeon extract showed antimicrobial effect against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumonia. The minimum inhibitory concentration on S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae was 300 mg/mL, but on P. aeruginosa it was 200 mg/mL. In the methanol extracts from Hwangryeon, 190 compounds were separated by GC/MS. The extraction yields of phenols, furans, alcohols, acids and esters, ketones, and miscellaneous compounds were 28.10%, 2.67%, 1.79%, 12.89%, and 2.35%, respectively. The phenolic compounds, generally understood to be an antimicrobial active substance, was measured at 28.10%, a relatively remarkable amount.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.260-263
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of 14 different herbal petal extracts on various foodborne and food spoilage bacteria. Herbal petal extracts were prepared with 70% ethanol followed by sequential hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractionation. Antimicrobial activity was highest in the ethanol fraction from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) petals as determined by the paper disc method. The roselle ethanol extract retarded the growth of food spoilage bacteria in kimbap (rice rolled in dried laver). Foodborne microorganisms (e.g. Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens), on the other hand, were most efficiently inhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction of the roselle petal extract as determined by growth inhibition curves. Our study shows that roselle petals harbor antimicrobial activity against foodborne and food spoilage microorganisms. The critical ingredient is highly enriched in the ethyl acetate fraction of the extract.