• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.12-30
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• 2022

Many studies on plant extracts have been reported for the treatment of candidiasis caused by Candida albicans, a representative fungal infection. This study demonstrates the synergistic antifungal activity of the combination of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, previously reported to have antifungal efficacy. Considering the antifungal efficacy and the separation of the active constituents, berberine and magnolol, hot water extraction and carbon dioxide supercritical extraction were selected for Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively. A combination of 0.55 g/L hot water extract of Phellodendri Cortex and 0.59 g/L carbon dioxide supercritical extract of Magnoliae Cortex showed synergistic antifungal activity. The synergistic antifungal activity of 160 μM berberine and 100 μM magnolol, which are representative antifungal compounds of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively, contributes to the synergistic antifungal effect of their extracts. The additive decrease in cellular ergosterol level and the increased antifungal efficacy by extracellular ergosterol suggest that disruption of the biological function of ergosterol in the cell membrane is not responsible for the synergistic antifungal activity of berberine and magnolol. Synergistic cellular release of chromosomal DNA upon mixing berberine and magnolol indicates that disruption of the cellular structure is responsible for the synergistic antifungal effect of berberine and magnolol.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of xanthorrhizol (extract from curcuma xanthorrhiza) against Candida albicans. Some of the commercial products were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of C. albicans. OTC product containing povidone iodide and cosmetic grade product with surfactants were tested. Antifungal activity was shown in 1.56% of OTC product, however, there was no antifungal effect in cosmetic product. For the comparison, we tested several materials. Povidone iodide, lemon tea tree oil and xanthorrhizol showed antifungal activities against C albicans in 0.25, 0.062 and 0.007%, respectively. We also tested the antifungal effects of povidone iodide and xanthorrhizol in surfactant base. Test results revealed that 2.5% of povidone iodide and 0.156% of xanthorrhizol showed similar antifungal effects. These findings support the application of xanthorrhizol for vaginal cleanser or personal cares using antifungal effect.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.268-280
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• 1994

Tissue conditioners have been used for treatment of denture stomatitis caused by wearing of dentures. Early studies pointed out Candide albicans (C. albicans) as main etiologic factor, and antifugal agents were added for control of the species. But there is a little information about broad comparison on the effect of tissue conditioners and antifungal agents added. The purpose of the present study was to compare the inhibiting effect of four tissue conditioners and one temporary soft liner on the growth of C. albicans for treatment of denture stomatitis using gel diffusion method by measuring diameter of the zone of growth inhibition. Three antifungal agents were added to each material for evaluation of the effect of added agents. Finally, observation was made to evaluate the effect of the loss of antifungal elements by aging of the specimen. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. Tempo had remarkable antifungal effect showing the zone of growth inhibition as 2.35 mm at 1st day, and was most effective on End: 4th and 7th day from incubation (p<0.05). But Coecomfort, Dura conditioner, Visco-gel, Coe-soft had little antifungal effect from the 1st day of incubation. 2. Nystatin was most effective showing 9.60-12.04 mm of zone of inhibition at the 1st day from incubation. The antifungal properties were reduced to amphotericin B, chlorhexidine and materials without agent (p<0.05), and the effect was diminished by time. 3. As pretreatment with amphotericin B, nystatin, chlorhexidine, Tempo was very effective at the 1st day from incubation showing zone of inhibition as 3.65, 12.04, 4.78 mm with addition of each agent. Dura conditioner had strongest antifungal effect at the next day as 2.86, 5.33, 1.29 mm of zone of inhibition, and yielding results of Coe-comfort, Tempo, Coe-soft was shown at 4th and 7th day from incubation (p<0.05). Taken all together, tissue conditioners have little antifungal effect except Tempo. Formation of the zone of growth inhibition was due to agents amphotericin B, nystatin, chlorhexidine and nystatin was most effective. Conclusively, it is advisable to select material which is effective on the growth of C. albican and consider addition of antifungal agents for treatment of denture stomatitis.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.687-699
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the antifungal activity and house dust mite repellent effect of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracts by hot-water and methanol. The chemical composition of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracts by hot-water and methanol was analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of antifungal activity, dyed fabrics with hot water extract had no effect against chaetomium globosum fungus. But showing no growth in fabrics dyed with methanol extract, dyed fabrics with methanol extract showed very excellent antifungal activity. Silk fabric dyed with methanol extract showed excellent house dust mite repellent effect of 94.3%~96.0% against dermatophagodes farinae. The composition of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracts from hot-water and methanol was different. There were no terpene and its analogue peaks in hot-water extract. However there were terpene and its analogue peaks in methanol extract. From these GC-MS results, terpene was identified in methanol extract of Juniperus chinensis heartwood. Efficient ingredient of antifungal activity and house dust mite repellent effect was assumed terpene.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2003

This experimental study was performed to investigate the antifungal effects of mixture of Sophorac Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex by the three types of extraction in the dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The following results were obtained by using Minimum Inhibition Concentration(MIC) and Inhibition Zone. 1. MIC on Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Sample S-2, Sample S-3, and Sample-Y were 10${\mu}l$, respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 2. MIC on Epidermophyton floccosum in Sample S-2, Sample S-3, and Sample-Y were 10㎕ respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 3. MIC on Trichophyton rubrum in Sample S-3, Sample-Y were 10${\mu}l$ respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 4. The size of inhibition zone on Trichophyton mentagrophytes for Sample S-3 were 22.3mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 5. The size of inhibition zone on Epidermophyton floccosum for Sample S-3 was 34.3mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 6. The size of inhibition zone on Trichophyton rubrum for Sample-Y was 26.5mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. Whereas. in extractions, that of Sample S-3 was 12.5mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 7. From the above results, Sample S-3 on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Sample-Y on Trichophyton rubrum showed the highest antifungal effects. This results suggests that vinegar extraction excels other extraction method using water or ethanol to measure the antifungal effect on dermatophytes. In addition, the result shows that the extract of herbal medicines can be used to tinea pedis and if further study is performed, the use of the extract of herbal medicines will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines. [NOTE] · S-S2 : 12-13w/v$\%$ Vinegar extract of mixture of Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex. · S-S3 : 18-19w/v$\%$ Vinegar extract of mixture of Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex. · S-Y : Miconazole nitrate

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2012

The effect of pH of chitosan solution (w/v) on antifungal activity against Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a dog with otitis externa was evaluated. This study was investigated to find out the optimal pH of chitosan solution that could be able to eliminate yeast cells. For comparison of antifungal activity of chitosan solution 2% chlorhexidine that have been already proved the antifungal effect against M. pachydermatis was used as positive control. The chitosan solution at different pH (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0) were involved this experiment. The chitosan solutions at each pH could eliminate a number of yeast cells when they were compared to other antifungal agents. In chitosan solution's antifungal effect of varying degrees according to the pH M. pachydermatis was inhibited at pH of < 5.0. Especially it has been proved an effective antifungal effect at pH 3.5. Therefore, the pH of chitosan solution had a effect on antifungal activity and the optimal pH was 3.5 in vitro. The possibility of topical therapy with acidific solution of chitosan has a potential in skin infection against M. pachydermatis.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

This study discusses the long-term antifungal effect and antifungal performance of Hwangtoh mortars with various natural antifungal substances on five types of mold: Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans, Gliocladium virens, and Penicillium pinophilum, which can be easily detected in the indoors and outdoors of buildings in damp environments. The antifungal performances of various natural antifungal substances extracted from Marjoram, Phytoncide, Thyme, Ginkgo leaves, and Chitosan (oligosaccharide) were investigated on the five types of mold, as a basic experiment. Using the natural antifungal substances selected for the basic experiment, antifungal mortars were made, and their antifungal performance and long-term antifungal effects were also investigated. The results clearly showed that the marjoram extract and their associated mortars had excellent antifungal performance. Also, their long-term antifungal effects were outstanding and at an equivalent level to those of the mortars with organic chemical antifungal agents. The optimum addition rate of the marjoram extract in the mortar was 5% by mass of binder. It was also shown that the phytoncide extract in the mortar needed an addition rate of more than 10% according to the mass of binder, considering the long-term antifungal effect and the antifungal performance.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2013

The aim of this present study was to investigate the antifungal effect of tanshinones isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza against Candida ablicans, a polymorphic fungus. For the work, tanshinone IIA (TSN), cryptotanshinone (CTS), and dihydrotanshinone I (DTS) were chosen. Initially, their antifungal effect was analyzed by in-vitro susceptibility test. Data from the susceptibility test showed that while all of these three compounds had antifungal activity, DTS was the most potent. At $100{\mu}g$ DTS/ml, there was about 80% CFU (colony forming unit) reduction as compared to DTS-untreated C. albicans yeast cells (P<0.05). Thus, DTS was selected to determine its antifungal activity in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis due to C. albicans. Results showed that DTS enhanced resistance of mice against disseminated candidiasis. During the entire period of 30-day observation, 60% of DTS-given mice groups survived whereas control animals all died within 14 days (P<0.05). Moreover, DTS inhibited the hyphal production, one of the virulence factors of this fungus, from the blastoconidial form of the fungus. Therefore, the tanshinone appears to have antifungal activity specific for C. albicans infection, which could possibly be mediated by the blockage of hyphal production.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2010

This study was carried out to assess the antifungal potential of R. oligosporus and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract against the fungal pathogens causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits using disc diffusion, antagonistic effect and morphological abnormalities in fungal mycelia. The percentage of inhibition of antifungal effect of the ethyl acetate extract (5 ${\mu}l$ $disc^{-1}$) of the R. oligosporus against C. acutatum KACC 40848, C. gloeosporioides KACC 40897, C. higginsianum KACC 40806, C. orbiculare KACC 40808, C. coccodes KACC 40008, C. musae KACC 40947, C. boninense KACC 40893, C. liliacearum KACC 40981, C. caudatum KACC 41028 and Colletotrichum sp. KACC 40811 was found to be 44.4, 35.5, 40, 31.1, 33.3, 37.7, 40, 51.1, 28.8 and 28.8%, respectively. Also the fungus R. oligosporus showed potential antagonistic effect of antifungal activity against the tested pathogens of Colletotrichum spp. Further, R. oligosporus had a potential detrimental effect on the morphology of the tested fungi of Colletotrichum spp. such as wrinkle abnormalities, abnormal cell formation, lysis of mycelium, empty cell formation, distorted cell formation and breakage of the mycelium. These findings strongly support the role of R. oligosporus to serve as a potential antifungal agent to control plant pathogenic fungi causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2021

Forty-three (n = 43) endophytic fungi with different morphologic characteristics were from a medicinal plant Sceletium tortuosum, were utilized to investigate their antifungal effectiveness against pathogenic fungi. All fungal isolates exhibited antifungal activity against one or more pathogens in the dual culture test whereas only 33 fungal culture filtrates (77%) showed decent antifungal effect. Fusaria and Aspergillus were the dominate genus that displayed significant antifungal activity. Isolates GG02, GG09, ND15, and ND17 showed the broadest spectrum of antifungal activity. Furthermore, culture filtrate of Fusarium sp. DR08 exhibited a broad range of antifungal activity against all the pathogens. The results suggest endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plant might be a source of novel bioactive molecules. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report on endophytic fungi isolated from native kougoed exhibiting antifungal activity against plant fungal pathogens.