• 약학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2006

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic and hard to control disease. In order to develop the therapeutic agent for type 2 DM, many researchers investigated natural products using an in vitro and in vivo assay. In this study, we tried to explore the anti-diabetic activity and mechanisms of ginsam, which is a vinegar-processed ginseng radix. The db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups. The diabetes control (DC) group was orally administrated with distilled water, ginseng radix (GR) or ginsam (GS) was administrated orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg, and the positive control group was orally injected with metformin (MET) at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 5 weeks in db/db mice and measured body weight and blood glucose level every week. All treatment groups decreased the plasma glucose levels compared with diabetic control and GS group significantly lowered the insulin resistance index. GS group also reduced the plasma lipid levels mainly due to reduce the lipogenesis and increase the lipolysis in the fat tissue. In addition, GS group increased the GLUT4 mRNA expression levels in the fat and muscle tissues by 10 fold probably due to increase a $PPAR_{-\gamma}$ mRNA expression in fat tissue. Taken together, GS showed the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities and those activities may ascribe to over-expression of GLUT4 mRNA level and decrease the lipogenesis in fat tissue.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2002

The renoprotective activities of white ginseng radix and rootlet were compared in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with diabetes. During oral administration of white ginseng radix (Ginseng Radix Alba, GRA) and white ginseng rootlet (Ginseng Radix Palva, GRP) for four weeks, arterial blood pressure and blood glucose levels were determined at every 10 days. In both GRA- and GRP-treatment groups, arterial blood pressures started to go down after 10 days of administration and maintained throughout the study period. After four weeks administrations of GRA and GRP, diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased with 17% and 9%, respectively. GRA treatment also decreased blood glucose levels after 10 days of administration when compared with diabetic SHR group. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were not significantly different between the groups, except 62% higher value of BUN in diabetic SHR group when compared with SHR group. In the diabetic SHR group, the excretion of urinary albumin was increased significantly when compared with SHR. The level of urinary albumin in GRA treated group was markedly reduced when compared with diabetic SHR group $(67.8{\pm}4.7\;vs.\;131.3{\pm}13.5\;mg/24\;h).$ To examine the effects of ginseng radices on an overt diabetic nephropathy, index of kidney hypertrophy and transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1\;(TGF-{\beta}1)$ protein levels were evaluated. The glomerular and tubular cells stained positive for $TGF-{\beta}1$ seemed to be more abundant in diabetic SHR than in those with SHR, and GRA treated rats showed somewhat less $TGF-{\beta}1$ protein in glomerular and tubular cells when compared with diabetic SHR. Our results suggest that GRA might be a useful antihypertensive and antidiabetic agent with renoprotective effect.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2001

The methanol extracts of 25 leguminous seeds in vitro were evaluated for inhibitory activities against lens aldose reductase of Sprague Dawley male rats. The responses varied with both leguminous seed and concentration used. At the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, the methanol extracts from Amphicaraea edgeworthii, Canavalia lineata, Gylcine max var. solitae, Glycine max var. yagkong, Glycine max var. hooktae, Glycine max var. bangkong, Glycine max var. geumdu, Glycine max var. chungtae, Glycine max var. mejukong, Glycine soja, Phaseolus radiatus var. geodu, Vicia tetrasperma, Vigna angulasis, and Vigna sinensis inhibited enzyme activity by greatertha 60%. In following study, at the concentration of 0.01 mg/mL, the extracts of C. lineata and V. tetraspermahad relatively strong inhibitory activity against aldose reductase. Because of their potent inhibitory activities, the activity of each solvent fraction from C. lineata and V. tetrasperma was determined, and the potent activity was showed from chloroform and hexane fractions, respectively. {TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX} values of C. lineata and V. tetrasperma were 0.004 and 0.006 mg/mL, respectively. As a naturally occurring therapeutic agent, leguminous seeds described could be useful for developing new agents of antidiabetic complications.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

The effect of water extract composed of panax ginseng radix rubra, acanthopanacis cortex, and cordyceps (PAC) on diabetic animal models were investigated in two different diabetic animal models. FAC water extract significantly reduced the plasma glucose levels on day 30 as compared with the diabetic control group in $KKA^Y$ obese, hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic mice, and also reduced the plasma glucose levels as well as total cholesterol in multiple low dose (MLD) strep tozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats. PAC water extract also showed an inhibitory effect on reduction of body weight and on development of MLD STZ-induced diabetic state. Elevated kidney hypertrophy, which is a characteristic feature shown in early stage of diabetic nephropathy and calculated as the ratio of kidney mass (g) relative to the body weight (g), was also markedly improved in PAC water extract- treated group as compared to the diabetic control group. Taken together, these data suggest that PAC water extract may have a potential as a antidiabetic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2015

In this study, we investigate the physicochemical characteristics of dried bracken (Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn) harvested in Namhae. The moisture, ash, crude protein and crude lipid content was $10.79{\pm}0.31%$, $6.16{\pm}0.04%$, $33.20{\pm}0.40%$ and $2.45{\pm}0.27%$, respectively. The total mineral (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn) content was $36720.1{\pm}495.7mg/kg$, with K being the highest at $31890.0{\pm}503.8mg/kg$. The total free amino acid content was 704.41 mg/100 g, the amount of methionine, citrulline and sarcosine being higher than the others. The water and 50% ethanol extracts from the dried bracken were evaluated for the total poly phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The total polyphenol content in the 50% ethanol extract ($1574.86{\pm}18.31mg/100g$) was higher than in the water extract ($1240.24{\pm}16.32mg/100g$). The DPPH and ABT radical scavenging activity was increased according to the concentration of bracken extract, and the activity in the 50% ethanol extract was higher than in the water extract. In addition, the xanthine oxidase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also higher in the 50% ethanol extract than in the water extract. In conclusion, bracken has great antioxidative and antidiabetic effects and can be used as a preventive agent for oxidation and diabetes.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2006

The pharmacological properties of ginseng are mainly attributed to ginsenosides, the active constituents that are found in the extracts of different species of ginseng. Lately; the studies on ginsenosides are mainly focused on IH-901, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides. In this study; we examined the anti-diabetic activity of IH-901 in C57BU61 db/db mice model. IH-901 was administrated orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 5 weeks. During the experimental period, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured every week. After 5 weeks, db/db mice were sacrificed and diabetic parameters were analyzed. IH-901 treated group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels (from 10.5 mM to 9.4 mM), insulin resistance index (from 163.6 to 100.2) and triglyceride levels (from 115.3 to 70.1) compared to the diabetic control. In Pancreatic islets morphology; IH-901 treated group revealed much less infltrated mononuclear cells, indicating that IH-901 recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage due to hyperglycemia. In addition, IH-901 upregulated expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and PPAR-${\gamma}$ in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, respectively. Taken together IH-901might be a potential anti-hyperglycemic agent with insulin sensitizing effect.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-24
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• 2022

Low-molecular weight peptides derived from fish collagen exhibit several bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiwrinkle, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antihypertension effects. These peptides are also involved in triglyceride suppression and memory improvement. This study aimed to investigate the optimal processing condition for preparing low-molecular weight peptides from flounder skin, and the properties of the hydrolysate. The optimal processing conditions for peptic hydrolysis were as follows: a ratio of pepsin to dried skin powder of 2% (w/w), pH of 2.0, and a temperature of 50℃. Peptic hydrolysate contains several low-molecular weight peptides below 300 Da. Gly-Pro-Hyp(GPHyp) peptide, a process control index, was detected only in peptic hydrolysate on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight(MALDI-TOF) spectrum. 2,2'-azinobis-(3-3-ethylbenzothiazolline-6- sulfonic acid(ABTS) radical scavenging activity of the peptic hydrolysate was comparable to that of 1 mM ascorbic acid, which was used as a positive control at pH 5.5, whereas collagenase inhibition was five times higher with the peptic hydrolysate than with 1 mM ascorbic acid at pH 7.5. However, the tyrosinase inhibition ability of the peptic hydrolysate was lower than that of arbutin, which was used as a positive control. The antibacterial effect of the peptic hydrolysate against Propionibacterium acne was not observed. These results suggest that the peptic hydrolysate derived from a flounder skin is a promising antiwrinkle agent that can be used in various food and cosmetic products to prevent wrinkles caused by ultraviolet radiations.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Dictyopteris divaricata, a type of marine brown algae, has been studied for its various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and whitening effects. However, its potential antiobesity effects have not been extensively explored. This study aimed to examine the impact of D. divaricata ethanol extract (DDE) on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our results showed that when 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of DDE there was a concentration-dependent decrease in fat accumulation rate and triglycerid production compared with the control. Furthermore, DDE significantly reduced the expression of transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1) and fatty acid transport protein (FABP4), which are crucial for 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. These findings suggest that DDE may exhibit antiobesity effects by suppressing the expression of lipogenic transcription factors and fatty acid transport proteins. Therefore, DDE holds potential as a therapeutic agent for obesity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 2010

본 연구는 지골피, 동충하초, 가시오가피의 복합추출물을 고포도당 조건(4.5 g/L)에서 배양한 HepG2 세포를 이용하여 당대사 관련 주요 효소인 glucokinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase의 활성을 RT-PCR과 western blotting 방법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 복합추출물을 HepG2 세포에 24시간 처리한 후 GK mRNA와 protein의 발현 양을 측정한 결과 각각 $168{\pm}0.04%$, $182.4{\pm}0.03%$로 증가하였으며, ACC 효소의 활성은 고포도당으로 배양하였을 때 ACC mRNA 및 protein 발현 양은 각각 $127.3{\pm}0.02%$, $126.7{\pm}0.24%$로 증가 하였다. 결론적으로 지골피, 동충하초, 가시오가피의 복합추출물이 GK 및 ACC mRNA 발현을 증가시킴으로써 항당뇨 효과를 나타냄을 관찰하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2004

본 연구는 인술린비의존성 당뇨병환자의 경구용 혈당강하제로 사용되는 rosiglitazone이 in vivo 골조직 collagen의 신생율에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위해 수행되었다. 저지방식이군과 고지방식이군은 각각 총열량의 10%와 45%를 지방으로 공급하였고 rosiglitazone 첨가군은 고지방식이에 rosiglitazone을 6.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kcal로 조절하여 공급하였다. 또한 collagen의 신생율을 안정동위원소비 질량분석법으로 측정하기 위하여 99.9% $^2$$H_2O$를 일시 복강주입하여 실험동물 체액의 $^2$$H_2O$ 수준을 2.0∼2.5%에 도달시킨 후 4% $^2$$H_2O$를 음용으로 3주 동안 계속 공급하였다. 체중증가량 및 식이섭취량은 각 실험군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 rosiglitazone첨가군이 다른 실험군에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였고, 체지방함량은 고지방식에 rosiglitazone를 첨가한 군이 다른 군에 비하여 유의한 증가를 보였다. 고지방식이군이 저지방식이군보다 골조직 collagen의 신생율이 낮았고 rosiglitazone의 첨가는 collagen의 신생율을 더욱 감소시켰으나 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다.