• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.315-335
• /
• 2009

Controversies over W. H. Auden's "political" poetry remind us of an old but perhaps never easily resolved problem about the relationship between poetry (literature) and politics. Auden has arguably been referred to as a "leftist" or "Marxist" because of his political viewpoint registered in "Spain" or "September 1, 1939," which embodies his contemporaries' loss and fear, brought by the socio-political turmoil, economic depression, and moral conflicts of the 1930s. Interestingly, however, Auden is known to have an ambivalent position toward the political reality. He once disavowed the above "political" poems as "dishonest" in the preface of the 1966 edition of Collected Poems and declared, "poetry makes nothing happen" in "In Memory of W. B. Yeats," which seemingly acknowledges the political incapacity of poetry. Auden's position and poetry should be understood as the result of complicated interactions between his perspectives on society, human beings, and poetics. Auden definitely believed in the role of poetry in such a politically demanding time, yet was not concerned with the anticipation of certain immediate changes effected by poetry in real situations. Instead, he sought the intellectual and moral effects that poetry could give his readers to help them survive the dismal circumstances of the 1930s. This is what distinguished Auden's poetry from political propaganda. In doing so, Auden's poetry captures the zeitgeist of his generation and has privileged him as the leading voice of his time, but it has also encouraged the following generations to confront different socio-political difficulties. This is something poetry can make happen politically, and the survival of Auden's "memorable speech" proves the legitimacy of his frequently misunderstood poetics.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 2011

Don DeLillo has shown considerable interest in terror, frequently depicting extreme dread of something terrible to happen, in his literary texts. Since more than three thousand innocent people in New York were killed by the 9-11 terrorist attack in 2001, the anticipation about what kind of fiction he would write as a New Yorker was high. DeLillo's novel Falling Man (2007) in fragmentary detail represents the scene of the terrorism from the perspective of Keith Neudecker, a lawyer who escapes the collapsing world trader center. Neudecker's post-traumatic stress disorder in the first chapter is followed by the free-associative portrayal of various impacts of the 9-11 terror on Neudecker's wife Lienne in the second chapter. The random mixture of the first person narratives from such diverse view-point characters as Neudecker's son Justin, relatives and friends, with dialogues and recollections yields a very close picture of the consequences of terrorism. Reading DeLillo's Falling Man in juxtaposition with a Japanese Canadian novel Obasan by Joy Kogawa, reminiscences of the maltreatment of Japanese Canadians during and after the second world war, surfaces the authorial intention of the two novels. They as trauma literature emerge to aim at curing the readers and proposing post-traumatic ethics. Laurie Vickroy's theory of trauma narrative and cure, E. Ann Kaplan's theory of trauma witness narrative and responsibility, and Emmanuel Levinas's theory of trauma memory and ethics offer theoretical grounds for the convincing analysis of the two texts.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.71-97
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the development and improvement direction of university education according to job type and investigate the types of knowledge required for employment after graduation for departments of emergency medical technology in preparation for the era of the fourth industrial revolution in a converged society. Methods: From June 3 to June 10, 2019, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 90 paramedics working in firefighting, hospitals, different industries, and emergency patient transportation. Data were analyzed using the software SPSS version 18.0. Results: For employment after graduation in departments of emergency medical technology, character and sincerity education should be strengthened. To prepare for the fourth industrial revolution, educational innovations such as improving the field practice system and devising a convergence curriculum are needed. Preparation for the fourth industrial revolution should be accomplished through the development of convergence subjects such as forensic science, information and communications technology, and safety engineering. Ninety percent of the study respondents indicated their need for convergence subjects. Conclusion: The demands of future society should be responded to flexibly by holding and conducting convergence subjects. Furthermore, preparations should be made in anticipation of a shortage of 120,000 college freshmen for the 2024-2025 school year by increasing the competitiveness of departments of emergency medical technology.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.369-386
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine which aspects of coresident intergenerational relationships were associated with the life satisfaction of unmarried children in established adulthood and of their parents. In this study, the coresident relationship characteristics included support exchange, emotion, interference-conflict, and perceptions of coresidence. Data were collected from (a) 250 never-married adults who were 35+ years old and lived in Seoul with at least one parent aged 75 years or younger and (b) 250 older adults who were 75 years old or younger and had at least one unmarried child aged 35+ years living in the same household. Our multiple regression analysis of unmarried children showed that the adult child's financial support, the adult child's psychological reliance on parents, the parent's psychological reliance on the child, and relationship quality were significantly related to higher levels of life satisfaction. In contrast, the parent's daily interference, daily conflicts, and anticipation of future care of parents were related to lower levels of life satisfaction. Second, the characteristics that were positively associated with the parent's life satisfaction were the parent's instrumental support, relationship quality, the coresident child's daily interference, positive perceptions of intergenerational coresidence, and expectation of future care of parents. In contrast, the parent's financial support, daily conflicts with the child, and taking intergenerational coresidence for granted were negatively related to the parent's life satisfaction. This study advances our understanding of coresidence between unmarried children in established adulthood and their older parents by focusing on the multiple aspects of intergenerational coresidence.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2021

In Sapiens it shows the reason that sapiens has conquered the earth for the invention of intersubjective reality. In Homodeus sapiens made the science revolution through the religion of humanism. The development of science showed that human free will and emotion is just made through the chemical interaction of neuron which can be manipulated and developed. Algorithm and data wlll be the sovereign which make decision in everything. Yuval Harari tells us the Homodeus appear and break down the order of equality. His anticipation proves right in competition law issues. The collusion through the algorithm makes it difficult to apply existing cartel logic. Agreement is the ground of responsibility but undertaking is not responsible in the market where sovereign algorithm decides eveything. Extreme price differentiation can appear and break down the existing market logic and competition dogma. Everything changes and it is necessary to have the flexible attitude and develop new logic.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to explore the experience of emotional change among senior citizens aged 65 and older experienced COVID-19 social situation. COVID-19 not only directly affects the elderly as a high-risk infectious disease, it also causes social isolation and depression caused by social distinctions, decreased cognitive skills, and worsened chronic diseases, and has indirect effects. As a result of the study, one component and four sub-components were derived, and the components were emotional changes. As the elderly experienced COVID-19, fear of spreading, fear of increasing the number of deceased and dead, and social distance I experienced depression, tightness, and anticipation for ending due to self-control. No matter how hard you try 'technical prevention', without 'psychological prevention', the anxiety of the elderly will inevitably increase. In this study, mediators for negative emotions experienced by the elderly are provided by providing accurate information to prevent the spread of fear caused by COVID-19 and proving emotional support programs such as 'psychological prevention' as well as 'technical prevention'. I think it will be necessary.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2023

The study examines the current status of introducing technological innovation in the Uzbekistan logistics industry and proposes opportunities and challenging factors for the logistics industry following the introduction of technological innovation in the future. The analysis results revealed that the information technology used in the Uzbekistan logistics industry following technologies: RFID, barcode, Cool Guardian, tracking system, transport satellite monitoring, digital TIR, and GPS monitoring. In addition, Uzbekistan has recently been increasing investment in advanced information and communication technology not only at the corporate level but also at the governmental level in anticipation of becoming a hub for logistics. Based on these analysis results, the Uzbekistan logistics industry's proposed opportunities and challenging factors can be used as basic information for government policymakers, transportation and logistics companies, and various partners. It can also be used by logistic companies that seek to take advantage of Uzbekistan's strategic location to create a logistics hub in Central Asia.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 2022

Antipsychotics have been widely accepted as a treatment of choice for psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. While atypical antipsychotics such as aripiprazole are not associated with obesity and diabetes, olanzapine is still widely used based on the anticipation that it is more effective in treating severe schizophrenia than aripiprazole, despite its metabolic side effects. To address metabolic problems, metformin is widely prescribed. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons have been identified as the main regulator of metabolism and energy expenditure. Although the relation between POMC neurons and metabolic disorders is well established, little is known about the effects of olanzapine and metformin on hypothalamic POMC neurons. In the present study, we investigated the effect of olanzapine and metformin on the hypothalamic POMC neurons in female mice. Olanzapine administration for 5 days significantly decreased Pomc mRNA expression, POMC neuron numbers, POMC projections, and induced leptin resistance before the onset of obesity. It was also observed that coadministration of metformin with olanzapine not only increased POMC neuron numbers and projections but also improved the leptin response of POMC neurons in the olanzapine-treated female mice. These findings suggest that olanzapine-induced hypothalamic POMC neuron abnormality and leptin resistance, which can be ameliorated by metformin administration, are the possible causes of subsequent hyperphagia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.225-232
• /
• 2023

In retrospect, the irony of this story began with the first meeting of these co-authors-in of all places, Coimbatore, India, in 2008, at the 12th International Perforator Flap Course. Here the junior author [hereafter "jp"] demonstrated his unparalleled skills in networking, and soon thereafter journeyed some 11,073 km to Allentown, U.S. to peruse the operating room and clinics of the senior author [sic. ggh] in action. Within 2 years jp orchestrated the presentation of the 14th International Perforator Flap Course, so ggh with great anticipation flew only 6,830 miles to reach Seoul, Korea for his first time. But four years more elapsed before ggh returned again to Korea to be a visiting professor, all the while not quite sure why any Korean would want anything from a country doctor who resided in nowheresville Allentown, Pennsylvania. Yet, an extraordinary fact then was to be unveiled, about which ggh was totally ignorant. The pioneer of plastic surgery in Korea, the first Korean to have completed an accredited plastic surgery fellowship, by coincidence had accomplished all this in . . . . . Allentown. The collegial relationship that evolved between these co-authors, who met by chance, indeed had a precedent coincidence! Was this "by chance" alone or predestination? Amazingly, in a way similar, the origin of plastic surgery itself in Korea also had Allentown connections. As a tribute to Lew Jae-duk, this important story must be here told, so let us now retrace his past in Allentown so we can find how the future was to be not so far away.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Pain perception is affected by a wide range of contributing factors, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Although the provision of visual information could have a modulatory effect on pain perception, it is unclear whether such a visual effect might vary depending on the anatomical site and stimulation type. This study aimed to analyze the modulatory effect of visual information on the perception of sharp and dull pain in the face and hand and to assess the influence of individual fear levels on modulatory visual information. Methods: A total of 68 healthy male and female volunteers were recruited for this study. Pressure and pricking pain with and without visual information were induced on the masseter and thenar muscles, and alterations in pain threshold were evaluated. The survey was conducted using the Geop-Pain Questionnaire (GPQ). Results: The pricking pain threshold of the hand was significantly elevated when viewing the stimulated hand. This result indicated that the provision of visual information could decrease sensitivity to sharp pain in the hand. However, when correlating the GPQ score with the alteration in thresholds induced by visual information, no significant correlation was observed between the GPQ score and the threshold difference induced by visual information. This finding showed that the visual effect was not significantly affected by the fear level. Conclusions: This study showed that the effect of visual information on the pain threshold could vary according to the anatomical site and stimulation type. A better understanding of such a modulatory effect on pain perception might be useful for clinicians during painful therapeutic procedures.