• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2022

Under General anesthesia with isoflurane, we insert a chicken's esophageal catheter into the near the left atrium. 1MHz radio wave was added to electrocardiogram electrodes of the esophagus, and the change of impedance (phase) was obtained by amplitude synchronous detection technique. At the same time, a thin tube is surgically inserted into the axillary artery to continuously measure blood pressure. The correlation between impedance (phase) and blood pressure was obtained. Both showed a very high correlation (R²=0.9665). It was also observed the waveform flowing from the left atrium into the left ventricle. When an individual infected with the avian influenza virus develops, the cytokine storms lead to hypotension earlier than the test for antigen-antibody reaction. In order to detect this, in the future, this impedance technique will be useful for screening individuals infected with avian influenza virus by measuring the blood pressure of chickens in cages in a non-contact manner using microwaves.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 1991

A systematic study was conducted to identify and isolate a serologically pertinent antigen with high specific activity and low cross reactivity from Cysticercus parenchymal antigen. Differential centrifugation of the homogenate yield three particulate and one soluble fractions ; the $480{\times}G$ pellets($CyL_2$), the $7650{\times}G$ pellet($CyL_3$), the $100000{\times}G$ pellet($CyL_4$), and $100000{\times}G$ supernatant($CyL_6$). We compared antigenicity of these antigens to that or cystic fluid antigens($CyF_1$), saline extract of cystic wall($CyL_1$), and n-butanol treated $GyL_4$ antigen ($CyL_6$) based on SDS-PAGE and immunoblot techniques. The data obtained were as follows : 1) The ratio of O.D. value of ELISA against cysticercosis positive pool sera to that of negative pool sera was highest when using $CyF_1$ as antigen. However the ratio was relatively low in case of $CyL_{3.4}$ and $CyL_5$. 2) We have noted in previous paper that most strong antigenic activities are present in 63Kd band with low cross reactivities. An effective serologic reagent must contain components that are recognized by most infected sera. 63Kd band met this criteria and could be considered as a reliable band for the diagnosis of cysticercosis. As far as 63Kd band concern, $CyL_5$ showed most strong activities without disturbance of cross reaction by EITB in spite of low applicability to microplate ELISA. 3) $CyL_5$ could detect the serum antibody of cysticercosis even in very low titers, around cut-off values of microplate ELISA, by immunoblot. It also could detect the cross reactivities of Echinococcus species, which showed high absorbance value in micro plate ELISA and some sparganosis cases. Further purification of this antigen will be able to represents a antigen that can be used in the diagnosis of cysticercosis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a major pathogen in laboratory mice that usually leads to fatal diseases, such as hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, and respiratory disease. MHV has a high infection rate, and it needs to be detected as soon as possible to prevent its spread to other facilities. However, MHV detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) often gives false positives; thus, it is very important that the results are confirmed as true positives in the early infection stage or distinguished as false positives with more accurate, reliable methods. Under microbiological screening, MHV ELISA-positive mice were found in four GFP-tagging transgenic mice. To verify the detection of the MHV antigen directly, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed, and the mice were determined to be MHV negative. Additional serum antibody-based screening was conducted with three different ELISA kits, and multiplexed fluorometric immunoassay (MFIA) was performed to confirm their accuracy/sensitivity. In brief, the ELISA kit for A59 nucleocapsid protein (MHV-A59N) revealed MHV ELISA positivity, while other ELISA kits (MHV-S lysate and MHV-JHM lysate) demonstrated MHV negativity. In MFIA, only the test for the recombinant A59 nucleocapsid antigen was MHV positive, which was consistent with the ELISA results. These results suggest that the ELISA kit with the recombinant A59 nucleocapsid antigen might induce non-specific MHV ELISA positivity and that confirmation is therefore essential.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

Antigenicity of Rhodotrula rubra isolated from pulmonary tissue of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied by means of agglutination reaction with R. rubra whole cell antiserum. And the serological reactivity of crude polyfac charide from R. frubra, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida, glabrata, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26603 with antiserum to R. rubra whole cell was studied by means of immunodiffusion test. R. rubra showed stationary phase after 48h when it was cultured in GYEP broth. While agglutinogen titer was 1:64 at lag phase, agglutinogen titer was 1 :256 after 20h. After growth of R. rubra on different 11 media, nutritional environment showed similar agglu-tination reartivity. The agglutinogen titer of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. giabrata, which were isolated from patient's expectoration, to R. rubra antiserum by means of agglutination reaction were 1:16, respectively. But, Sacch. cervisiae ATCC26603 was negative. Those results were lower than that of R. rubra agglutinogen titer 1:256. As a result of immu-nodiffusion test with crude polysaccharide extracted from cell wall of R. rubra, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, Sacch. cervisiae ATCC26603, precipitin line was found only with R. rubra, of which antibody titer was 8.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2002

We investigated the sero-prevalence of toxocariasis among healthy Korean adults in 1999. A total of 314 sera from normal inhabitants in Whachon-gun, Gangwon do, Korea was examined for specific antibody levels against excretory-secretory products of second stage larvae of Toxocara (TES). The presence of cross-reactions with other helminthiases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, sparganosis or clonorchiasis was also checked by specific IgG ELISA. Sera showing positive reaction against TES were also tested by IgG immunoblot and by IgE ELISA. Out of 314 subjects, 16 was found to be positive by TES IgG ELISA and immunoblot, among whom 12 were also positive by TES IgE ELISA. Among the 16 seropositive samples, two sera showed positive reaction against Paragonimus and sparganum antigen, respectively. These results inferred that cross-reactions were negligible between toxocariasis and other helminthiases. Toxocariasis seroprevalence among Korean rural adults was detected to be approximately 5%.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2013

This study reports a fiber-optic sensor detecting biomolecule by simultaneously monitoring localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of ca. $50{\pm}5$ nm attached on one end of optical fiber and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of the reporter molecules adsorbed on the gold surfaces as an additional sensing tool. The sensor was fabricated by immobilizing Au NPs on one end of an optical fiber by chemical reaction. LSPR and SERS signals of the sensor were measured using various refractive indices solutions. Finally, the sensor was applied to observe real-time LSPR sensor-gram and SERS spectra of the reporter molecule of 4-aminothiphenol during the antibody-antigen reaction of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) as a proof-concept experiment of biological applications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics and the productivities of lignin olytic enzymes: laccase (Lac) and Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP) from Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes respectively. Enzymes were isolated from cultural filterates and purified according to the standard methods. These enzymes showed one band in SDS-PAGE and their molecular weights were found 62,000 and 45,000 dalton respectively. Polyclonal antibodies against Lac and MnP were raised against mouse. In the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), Lac and MnP-antiserum produced a strong positive reaction with Lac and MnP antigen($A_{405}$=2.50 and 3.53 respectively). The sera to negative (S/N) ratio was determined by the dividing the mean absorbance of antibodies by the corresponding diluted samples from normal mouse serum. The sera produced showed 2 times more positive reaction in S/N ratio than negative sera.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2011

생촉매인 효소의 기질선택성은 다양한 분야에서 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 그 중에서도 효소결합면역흡착검사(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)는 항원항체의 결합을 항체와 공유결합된 효소의 반응으로 나타냄으로써 다양한 항원들의 진단을 가능케 했다. 하지만 기존의 효소결합면역흡착검사는 하나의 항체당 하나의 효소가 결합된 형태이기 때문에 감도(sensitivity)의 증가 폭에 그 한계가 있으며, 이를 극복하기 위한 방안으로 하나의 항체당 결합된 효소의 수를 증가시킴으로써 혁신적인 감도의 향상을 가져오는 연구가 진행되었다. 최근 나노바이오촉매(nanobiocatalyst, NBC) 접근방식을 이용한 효소활성의 안정화는 효소결합면역흡착검사의 감도 향상뿐만 아니라 그 성능의 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 연구결과로 이어지고 있다. 본 총설에서는 일반적인 효소결합면역흡착검사의 기본적인 원리와 감도향상을 위한 연구, 그리고 성능안정성(performance stability)을 향상시키기 위한 나노바이오촉매-결합면역흡착검사(Nanobiocatalyst-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, NBC-LISA)에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1987

돼지에 $1.5{\times}10^6$개의 Sarcocystis suicanis sporocyst와 10,000개의 Toxcplasma gondii oocyst(미국 Georgia 대학교 수의과대학 보존주)를 각각 경구감염 시킨후 9주간에 걸쳐 혈중 IgG 항체의 소장과 Sarcocystis와 Tohoplasma 사이의 혈청학적 교차반응성을 IFA 검사와 ELISA법을 이용하여 검사하였다. IFA검사와 ELISA를 위한 Sarcocystis의 전충체 항원과 수용성 항원은 감염돈의 확육을 인공소화액으로 소화시켜 준비하였다. Toxoplasma의 전충체 항원과 수용성 항원은 감염 mouse 복강에서 충체를 분리하여 사용하였다. Sarcocystis와 Togoplasma를 각각 인공감염시킨 돈혈청의 IgG 항체는 IFA검사와 ELISA에서 모두 감염 2주째에 처음으로 검출되었으며 Tcxoplasma에 대한 항체가는 감염 6주째에 최고치에 도달하였다가 그 이후에는 하강하였다. Sarcocystis에 대한 항체가는 감염 9주까지 서서히 상승하였다. Toxoplasma에 감염된 돈혈청은 Sarcocystis 항원에 대하여 IFA검사에서는 1 : 16까지 교차반응이 나타났으며 ELISA에서는 1 : 32까지 나타났다. 대조군의 돈혈청은 모두 1 : 4 이하이었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1990

Most of the diagnostic methods currently used for the detection of neoplastic masses provide indirect evidence. To obtain greater specificity in the interpretation of neoplasias by in vivo methods, the immunological approach appears to be most promising. Two problems that interfered with progress in this field were the lack of tumor specific antigen and the lack of well-defined and reproducible antibodies. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoscintigraphy as a technique for tumor localization, the use of monoclonal antibodies, fragments of antibodies and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) are reasonable. The obvious advantages of monoclonal antibodies are their homogeneity, their specificity for the immunizing antigen and the reaction with a single determinant-thus no large immunecomplexes with antigen are formed. Monoclonal antibody technique has recently provided an opportunity to reevaluate the role of nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of malignant diseases by using the immunological approach. Out first results by means of radioimmunoscintigraphy of CEA and CA 19-9 producing tumors using a cocktail of fragments F $(ab')_2$, of mocolonal antibodies to CA 19-9 and CEA labeled with $^{131}I$ (IMACIS-1) are reported. The aims of this investigation was to evaluate the role of immunoscintigraphy in patients with colorectal and other cancers for diagnosis of local recurrences and metastasis. This report contains results of the first 8 colorectal and pancreas cancer patients with the elevation of the level of serum CEA and/or CA 19-9. IMACIS-1 was injected intravenously during 30 minutes in 100 ml saline solution after skin test. Planar scintigrams were recorded 3, 5 and 7 days after the injection of the IMACIS-1. Anterior, lateral and posterior views of the liver as well as anterior and posterior views of the pelvis were obtained in each patients as an $^{131}I-antibody$ image. We were able to localize exactly the malignant process with the double-nuclide double-compound $^{99m}Tc\;^{131}I$ (Tc+l) scintigrams. In Tc & I double-nuclide scintigraphy, computer subtraction display provided more clear localization of the tumor. We compared the results of radioimmunoscintigraphy with CT, ultrasonograms, conventional scintigrams. The results were as follows: 1) The sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoscintigraphy using the fragments $F(ab')_2$ of the cocktails of CEA and CA 19-9 monoclonal antibodies were 80% and 100% respectively. 2) Tumor detection rate was not proportionated to the level of serum tumor markets. 3) Second tracer technique was essential for tumor localization as an anatomic landmark using double-nuclide scintigraphy. 4) A slow infusion of the antibodies was necessary to prevent the formation of large immune complexes. 5) Tumor/non-tumor radioactivity was most elevated at 7 days delayed imaging. 6) Using planar scintigraphic technique of $^{131}I$ labeled monoclonal antibodies are possible for imaging most of the tumors.